Cytostatics - kuyini? uhlu izidakamizwa

ejenti cytotoxic - ejenti okuyinto kancane phansi inqubo cell division. Ekulondolozeni ukuphila umzimba esekelwe ikhono amaseli ayo ukwehlukana, kuyilapho amangqamuzana amasha ukuthatha indawo elidala, futhi ubudala, ngokulandelana, bayafa. Ijubane le nqubo kunqunywa eziphila ukuze umzimba sasekelwa ukulinganisela esiqinile amaseli, lapho kuyamangalisa ukuthi ngamunye isitho inqubo umzimba ukuqhutshwa ngamazinga angefani.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izinga cell division kuba mkhulu kakhulu, amaseli ubudala akudingeki nesikhathi sokufa. Ngakho Ukwakheka kwezitho izimila, ngamanye amagama - izimila. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi kuba efanele umbuzo cytostatics - ukuthi kuyini nokuthi indlela engasiza e wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza. Futhi ukuwuphendula, kumelwe ucabangele zonke izici leli qembu izidakamizwa.

Cytostatics futhi Oncology

Ezimweni eziningi e kwezokwelapha ukusetshenziswa cytostatics kwenzeka emkhakheni of Oncology, ukuze lihambe kancane isimila ukukhula. Phakathi ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa kuyalithinta wonke amaseli omzimba, kanjalo uvimbele phansi umzimba kwenzeka kuzo zonke izicubu. Kodwa kuphela izimila abulalayo umphumela cytostatics lubonakaliswa ngokugcwele okwehlisa izinga umdlavuza inchubekelembili.

Cytostatics nezinqubo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba

Futhi, ejenti cytotoxic esetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, ngenxa yomsebenzi sokugembula esimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni amasosha omzimba ukubhubhisa antigen hhayi engena phakathi ezicutshini zomzimba siqu namaseli. umphumela Cytostatic ku umnkantsha, ukunciphisa umsebenzi amasosha omzimba, lapho isifo unethuba ukuya ukuthethelelwa.

Ngakho, izidakamizwa cytotoxic elisetshenziswa lezi zifo ezilandelayo:

• ebulalayo izimila anomdlavuza kusaqalwa;
• lymphoma;
• wegazi;
• omzimba izicubu erythematosus;
• sokuqaqamba kwamalunga;
• vasculitis;
• Sjögren Syndrome;
• scleroderma.

Njengoba sesifunde izinkomba yokwamukela umuthi namaphesenti mshini nemiphumela yayo umzimba, kuyacaca njengoba cytostatics umsebenzi, ukuthi kuyini, futhi lapho kufanele lisetshenziswe nini.

izinhlobo cytostatics

Cytostatics, abalwe ngezansi, azigcini lezi zigaba, kodwa kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa lezi zigaba 6 izidakamizwa.

1. alkylating ejenti cytostatic - ejenti ukuthi unekhono ilimaze DNA lamaseli zinezikhathi izinga ukuqoqwa. Naphezu izinga eliphakeme kahle, izidakamizwa kanzima ibekezelelwe, kuhlanganise nemiphumela yokwelashwa kaningi yiwona zokugula kwesibindi nezinso njengoba filtration izinhlelo main. Ngalezi zindlela zibandakanya:

• lwesinaphi;
• nitrourea nemikhiqizo;
• alkyl;
• ethylenimines.

2. alkaloids, ama-ejenti cytotoxic Lokudabuka isitshalo - imikhiqizo ye nomphumela ofanayo, kodwa ukwakhiwa zemvelo:

• taxanes;
• vinca alkaloids;
• podophyllotoxins.

3. cytotoxic ejenti, antimetabolites - izidakamizwa ukuthi zivimbela izinto iqhaza kule nqubo ye isimila ekwakhekeni, kanjalo ephumula ekukhuleni kwayo:

• abamelene folate;
• purine analogo;
• pyrimidine abantu abamelene nani.

4.Tsitostatiki-antibiotic - ejenti elwa namagciwane nomsebenzi antitumor:

• anthracyclines.

5. cytotoxic ejenti, ama-hormone - izidakamizwa umdlavuza ukuthi ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone athile.

• progestins;
• antiestrogens;
• estrogens;
• antiandrogens;
• inhibitor aromatase.

6. Monoclonal amasosha omzimba - amasosha omzimba eyayenziwe wadala ezifanayo iqondiswe Ngalokhu ngokumelene amaseli ethize, kuleli cala - izimila.

amalungiselelo

Cytostatics, uhlu izidakamizwa lapho ethulwa ngezansi, ikhishwa kuphela kadokotela futhi zithathwa kuphela enemibandela:

• "Cyclophosphamide";
• "Tamoxifen";
• "Flutamide";
• "Sulfasalazine";
• "Chlorambucil";
• "Azathioprine";
• "Temozolomide";
• "Hydroxychloroquine";
• "Methotrexate".

Uhlu izidakamizwa ukuthi azofanela kwencazelo "ejenti cytostatic" ubanzi kakhulu, kodwa le mithi kuyabekwa ngodokotela kaningi. Amalungiselelo zikhethwa ngamunye isiguli kakhulu ngokucophelela, udokotela uchazela isiguli ukuthi yini imiphumela emibi cytostatics kubangele ukuba siyini nokuthi ingabe kungenzeka ukuba sizigweme.

side effects

inqubo zokuxilonga kufanele uqinisekise khona umuntu isifo esiyingozi okuyiwona ukwelashwa liyadingeka cytostatics. Imiphumela emibi le mithi eshiwo ngokucacile kakhulu, kungukuthi kabi kuphela ikubekezelele iziguli, kodwa futhi kube nengozi kwempilo yabantu. Ngamanye amazwi, ethola izidakamizwa cytotoxic - kuba njalo engozini enkulu, kodwa in Oncology nezifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, ingozi yokuntuleka ukuphathwa ingaphezu kwe ingozi imiphumela engemihle engase zomuthi.

The main ohlangothini umphumela cytostatics kuyinto nomphumela walo omubi umnkantsha, futhi kungakho lonke uhlelo hematopoietic. Ngekusetjentiswa isikhathi eside, okuyinto ngokuvamile kuyadingeka yokwelapha yomdlavuza ezithile nezimila, nezinqubo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa lomdlavuza wegazi.

Kodwa ngisho uma igazi umdlavuza kungagwenywa, zishintsha igazi nakanjani ukusebenza zonke izinhlelo. Uma viscosity okwandisiwe igazi, izinso iyathinteka njengoba ulwelwesi glomerular amanga umthwalo omkhulu, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi kungalimala.

Phakathi yokwamukela cytostatics kufanele bakulungele for the unomphela impilo engeyinhle. Iziguli wabhekana Inkambo yokwelashwa naleli qembu, phawula umuzwa njalo lobuthakathaka, ukozela, ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo kulowo msebenzi. Phakathi kwezinye izikhalazo ezifakiwe ezivamile zihlanganisa ubuhlungu bekhanda, okuyinto analgesics samanje ngokuqhubekayo futhi ngokulambisa kugwenywe.

Abesifazane esikhathini ukwelashwa ngokuvamile sibhekene ukwephula umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uwubufakazi nokungakwazi okukhulelwa ingane.

Ukungasebenzi wokugaya ukudla ziyabonakala njengoba isicanucanu nohudo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubangela isifiso esingokwemvelo ukhawule ekudleni kwakhe futhi inciphise ukudla, okuyinto ke kuholela nokuzincisha ukudla.

Hhayi eziyingozi empilweni, kodwa ezingemnandi komzimba izidakamizwa cytostatic kuyinto nezinwele ekhanda nasemzimbeni. Ngemva ukuqedwa Yiqiniso, njengoba umthetho, izinwele ukukhula iyaqala.

Kulesi sisekelo, kungenzeka ukugcizelela ukuthi impendulo yombuzo cytostatics - kuyini, liqukethe ulwazi hhayi kuphela ngezinzuzo lolu hlobo izidakamizwa, kodwa futhi ingozi eliphezulu ukuze impilo nenhlalakahle ngesikhathi uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza.

imithetho Ukwamukelwa cytostatics

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi cytostatic kunomthelela oqonde ngqo kumsebenzi kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, ezivimbela ke. Ngakho-ke, phakathi umuntu eba ukungenwa uma unesifo.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, kumele uthobele yonke izinyathelo zokuphepha lungaveli ezindaweni ne lokuhlala ezinkulu zabantu, ukugqoka zokuzivikela gauze ibhandishi futhi asebenzise izindlela endawo Ukuvikelwa antivirus (wamafutha oxolinic) ukugwema hypothermia. Uma isifo izinkinga zokuphefumula sisekhona, kudingeka afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Indlela ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi?

imithi yesimanje kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ububi besimo sokuguquka side effects okwenzeka seziguli ezithola imithi cytotoxic. izidakamizwa Special ukuthi ukuvimba reflex Gag ebuchosheni ezenza ukuthi singakwazi ukugcina isimo evamile yezempilo kanye nokusebenza ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa.

Ngokuvamile, i-tablet esithathwayo ekuseni ke kunconywa ukwandisa imodi ukuphuza up 2 amalitha amanzi ngosuku. Cytostatics ogxile excreted ngu izinso, ngakho-ke le izinhlayiya kungase axazulule ezicutshini kwesinye, ukuhlinzeka kuyacasula. A semali baphuza uketshezi futhi uchama njalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ububi besimo sokuguquka yemiphumela emibi yemithi cytostatic phezu kwesinye. Okwakubaluleke ngokukhethekile uthulule ngokucophelela esinyeni ngaphambi kokulala.

Surveys ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa

Ukwamukelwa cytostatics kudinga luhlolo njalo umzimba. Hhayi ngaphansi kuka kanye ngenyanga, isiguli kumele iphumelele ekuhlolweni ekuboniseni ukusebenza kwe-izinso, isibindi, uhlelo igazi:

• CBC;
• igazi noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali ezingeni creatinine, ALT AST;
• ukuhlaziya egcwele umchamo;
• ukukala CRP.

Ngakho, ukwazi lonke ulwazi olufanele ngalokho okudingekayo cytostatics, ukuthi kuyini, yiziphi izinhlobo izidakamizwa futhi kanjani ukulithatha, ningaqiniseka ukuthi evumayo Izibikezelo yokwelapha yomdlavuza izifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba.