Izinhlobo zanamuhla zemishini

Umsebenzi womzimba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila okunempilo. Izinhlobo zemishini evame ukubizwa ngokuthi umzimba. Zinomphumela omuhle kuzo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba, ukuthuthukisa ithoni ye-muscle, isimo sengqondo nesimo sesikhumba. Yini enye engingayithola ngomsebenzi womzimba?

Ezemidlalo nempilo

Imidlalo ithatha indawo ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu wonke. Isifiso sokunikeza noma ukunikeza umzimba umsebenzi wokuzikhandla akuwona olahlwa. Ukuze impilo, umzimba udinga ukunyakaza nokuphazamiseka. Umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca yisimo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu sempilo. Inhlangano ihamba nomuntu kusukela ekuzalweni. Ingane esanda kuzalwa ishukumisa imilenze yakhe kanye nezingalo zayo ukuze zilulaze imisipha yakhe ekhukhulayo. Uma nje ingane ifunda ukuhamba, kunzima kakhulu ukuyibeka endaweni. Umzimba wenza ingane igijime futhi igxume. Lokhu kuletha injabulo enkulu kubo bonke imisipha.

Izimo zokuphila zanamuhla azivumeli ukuba umuntu azinike isikhathi esanele empilweni yabo engokwenyama. Lokhu kubi kakhulu, ngoba impilo yinto esemqoka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimiso somsebenzi siqinile kangakanani, kuyadingeka ukuthola isikhathi, okungenani ngokufudumele okusebenzayo. Ngokuvamile, ngisho nemithwalo encane, imithwalo ingayithuthukisa kakhulu impilo yonke, ikhulise umkhuhlane kanye nemizwelo. Ukuze usebenze ngokuphumelelayo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomsebenzi wemoto okulungile kuwe - yilokho okushiwo yi-athikili yanamuhla.

Umsebenzi wemoto

Elimini elula futhi eqondakalayo, imishini yomsebenzi yinkimbinkimbi yezenzo zomzimba ezenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo noma ngenjongo ethile. Izenzo zomzimba ezenzelwe injongo ethile kuthiwa ukuqeqeshwa. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ezilwaneni, umsebenzi wezimoto ngumsebenzi oyinhloko wesimiso semisipha. Kumuntu, lokhu kuyisidingo esibalulekile sezinto eziphilayo. Umsebenzi wokuphila nokusebenza okunempilo kwazo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba kungenzeka kuphela ezingeni elilodwa lomsebenzi. Ukuntuleka kokusebenza ngokomzimba kungalinganiswa kahle ne-oksijeni yindlala noma ukungabi namavithamini, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi indima idlala kanjani. Umsebenzi wezimoto usekelwe esenzweni sokuqala esisemqoka - isenzo esiqaphele futhi esiqondisiwe. Isenzo sinezimo nokunyakaza.

Umsebenzi wemoto womuntu ungaba izinhlobo ezintathu. Ingalawulwa, ilawulwa kancane futhi ingalawulwa. Umsebenzi wokugcina womzimba wukuthi usebenza ngezindlela zokuhamba ezihamba phambili ezingenzi lutho. Kuyinto ehambisana nezingane ezincane, ngoba umzimba wabo uvele "ucele" ukuzama ngokomzimba, okungenzeka ukuthi awunayo injongo ecacile. Umsebenzi olawulwa ngokweqile wenza ngenhloso ethile, kodwa umgomo wokugcina awuwona umthwalo ngokwawo. Kungaba umzimba wokusa, ukudlala imidlalo, ukudansa. Imisebenzi elawulwayo imithwalo ekhethiwe ngokukhethekile okufanele ibe nomthelela oqondile emzimbeni womuntu.

Izici zomsebenzi wemoto

Izinhlobo zezinto ezenziwa ngemoto, i-physiology engase ihluke kakhulu kuncike kumgomo wokugcina womuntu, ingahlelwa ngezigaba ezithile. Zinezici eziningi futhi ezifanelekayo. Lezi zici ezimbili zibhekwa kuqala. Kakade kusuka kubo balandela bonke abanye. Izici ezilinganiselwe zithatha izinkomba ze-spatio-temporal. Lena inombolo yokunyakaza, ivolumu yabo nenombolo yokuphindaphinda. Izici zokufanisa zihloselwe ukubonisa izinguquko zokusebenza ezenzeka emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokusebenza komzimba. Lezi zikhombisi zibandakanya izindleko zamandla umzimba owenza ngokuzivocavoca noma ukwenza umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca ngokujwayelekile.

Ukuncintisana nokuqeqeshwa yiyona ndawo eyinhloko yomsebenzi womzimba. Inani labo elisebenzayo liphakeme kakhulu, kanti ukusebenza kahle kufinyelela emingcele ephakeme. Emincintiswaneni, umuntu uthumela i-adrenaline, umzimba usebenza ngenani eliphezulu lamakhono ayo. Ukuncintisana njalo futhi okuvamile akusiyo ngaso sonke isikhathi kuwusizo emzimbeni, kodwa izikhathi ezingavamile kakhulu "ezimbi kakhulu" zizosiza kakhulu futhi zizosiza uhlobo oluthile lokuzitholela. Izinzuzo zokuqeqesha zingasho isikhathi eside kakhulu. Lena indlela ephumelelayo yokusebenza nomzimba wakho kanye nempilo, okuhlose ukukhulisa izinzuzo zomsebenzi wokuzikhandla okukhulu.

Ukubaluleka nokubaluleka kokuqeqeshwa nokuncintisana kulandela lokhu:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezidingo ezithile zezinqubo zokuqeqesha;
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezici zezimodeli zabadlali;
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezivivinyo ukuhlola izici ezithile zabadlali;
• Ukulinganisa izimo zokuqeqesha.

Izinhlobo zemisebenzi

Umthwalo ulinganiswa ngamandla. Ngokuphelele, amazinga amathathu okuqina ahlukanisiwe: alula, ajwayelekile futhi aphezulu. Bhala uhlu oluyinhloko lomsebenzi wemoto owaziyo. Akuningi kakhulu, akunjalo? Ungazihlukanisa kanjani? Sizokukhuluma ngalezi zigaba ezilandelayo.

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi wemoto lunomphumela omuhle emzimbeni womuntu, isimo sakhe sempilo nomoya. Kodwa kuyazuzisa ukuqonda ukuthi akuzona zonke ezitholakala kuyo yonke imithwalo ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Umuntu angaba nesifo esingavumeli imidlalo enamandla. Kulesi simo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lokuqeqesha, oluzokwazi ukulayisha umzimba ngokugcwele, ukugwema ukulayisha ngokweqile. Cabanga ngezinhlobo zemisebenzi yezithuthi ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Umthwalo okhanyayo uthatha izindleko zamandla ezingaphezu kuka-2-3 MET. Kulo msebenzi owenziwa ngokomzimba kungenzeka ukuba uthwale izindaba ezijwayelekile zasekhaya (ukuhlanza, ukugcoba, ukupheka, ukuhlanza, ukusebenza kwikhompyutha, njll). Futhi, umthwalo wokukhanya ungafakwa kumdlalo omude we-badminton, igalofu noma ukudansa.

Umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca olinganiselayo uhilela izindleko zamandla eziba ngu-4-6 MET. Umthwalo onjalo ungabhekwa umsebenzi wesikole osebenzayo (ukugeza phansi, ukusebenza ngomshini wokuhlanza, ukulungisa). Futhi lapha kufaka ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukugijima kanye nokweqa, njll.

Umthwalo ophezulu udinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kusuka ku-7 MET nangaphezulu. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zomsebenzi wemoto: ukugwedla, ukuxuma, ukuzivocavoca ekuzivocavoca, ukugijima, ukugijima kanye nokweqa ngezinyawo enhliziyweni. Izindleko ezifanayo zamandla zingatholakala ekuqeqesheni abadlali bezemidlalo, ngesikhathi sokulayishwa kwemisebenzi, emayini yamatshe.

Izimpawu zomsebenzi wemoto

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zomsebenzi wemoto zinomthelela omuhle emzimbeni womuntu. Kodwa yiziphi izimpawu ezenza zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi zibe nazo, yini ezizihlanganisa? Ngakho-ke, ake sichaze okuyinhloko:

• Izinhlobo zokuzivocavoca;
• Uhlobo lokuzivocavoca;
• Ifomu lokuqeqeshwa;
• Ukuma komphakathi.

Ngokwalezi zibonakaliso, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zomsebenzi wemoto nazo zihlukanisiwe:

1. Umsebenzi womzimba.
2. Imisebenzi yemidlalo.
3. Umsebenzi womzimba nokudlala.
4. Imisebenzi yokugembula.

Imfundo yenyama yakamuva isebenzisa zonke izinhlobo ezingenhla zomsebenzi, esizicabangayo ngokuningiliziwe.

Umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca awuwona umdlalo, kodwa unethonya elinenjongo kumuntu. Umgomo wakhe ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo kwamandla akhe emvelo nemvelo. Isiko lomzimba yisimo esibalulekile senkambiso esivamile yabantu. Imisebenzi enjalo inezinkomba eziningana:

1. Ukufundisa nokuthuthukisa. Ihlose ukuqeqesha amakhono ezibalulekile amakhono, ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izitho kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswe izivivinyo zokuqinisa jikelele, umuntu angenza ngokuzimela.
2. Ezemidlalo nokuzilibazisa. Inhloso yokuthuthukisa yonke imvelo, ukufaka amakhono ozimele namakhono esiko, ukuthuthukisa amakhono athile angokwenyama.
3. I-oriented-oriented. Ihlose ukuthuthukisa amakhono angokwenyama ekhona ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuqeqesha.
4. Ukulungiswa. Inhloso yokuqeda amaphutha esikhalweni noma ngesakhiwo somzimba.

Umsebenzi wezemidlalo ubonakala ngokuma komuntu siqu ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo oluthile lwemidlalo. Inzuzo yalo ebalulekile ukuthi iqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimfanelo zomzimba, kodwa nezomuntu siqu. Imisebenzi yezemidlalo ingahle ibekwe kanje:

• Isifiso sokufeza umphumela omkhulu emdlalweni okhethiwe;
• Ukuzama okukhulu ngokomzimba;
• Ukuqaphela ukubaluleka komphakathi kwemisebenzi yezemidlalo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomsebenzi wemoto zihlanganisa imisebenzi encane yezemidlalo - imisebenzi yokuncintisana. Iyenzeka ekupheleni kwamakhono angokomqondo nangokwenyama yabadlali ukuze kutholakale ukufezwa kwerekhodi.

Imisebenzi yokugembula ihlose ukuphumelela kwethimba yemiphumela enenzuzo. Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu yikhono lokusebenza eqenjini futhi lenze ngokuvumelana necebo elicabangelayo. Izici eziyinhloko zalo msebenzi ziyi:

• Ukuba khona kwezimo ezishintshayo ngokushesha;
• Ukungqubuzana namanye amaqembu;
• Ukuvela kwezinkinga ezidinga indlela yeqembu;
• Ukuqondisisa ngokwakho njengelungu lelo lonke nelingabonakali;
• Imizwa ehlukahlukene evezwe ngesikhathi semdlalo.

Umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca ufana kakhulu nemidlalo nezemidlalo, kodwa kunamanani ahlukene. Zihlanganisa uhlobo lwezivivinyo. Umthwalo onjalo uphumelela kakhulu esigabeni sokuqala sokwakhiwa kwezici zomuntu siqu nomzimba, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziswa eminyakeni yasenkulisa. Izici eziyinhloko zemisebenzi enjengalezi zilandelayo:

• Ubukhona bokulingisa izikhathi;
• Ikhono lokushintsha isakhiwo nenhloso yomdlalo ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okudala;
• Kungenzeka isakhiwo sokuqala somdlalo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezindima;
• Umgomo wokuqala ukuhlukahluka kwenqubo yomdlalo, hhayi ukufezwa kwemiphumela ethile.

Amamodeli womsebenzi

Izinhlobo zezimo zomsebenzi wemoto zinikezwa kuye ngezici ezihlukahlukene. Izinto ezinjalo ziyizinto: ikhono lomgogodla lokuzivumelanisa, inkambo yezokwelapha zesifo, amandla okusebenza okwenyama, njll Zonke lezi zinkomba zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba zicabangele ukwakha umgomo onengqondo. Izinhlobo zezimo zomsebenzi wemoto zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ezisebenzayo nezingezansi.

Ukusebenza kuhlose ukugqugquzela nokuqeqesha umzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, kunemizwelo emihle, inhlamba enempilo nokuzwa ukwaneliseka. Imithwalo yemisipha inomthelela omkhulu esimweni esiphezulu somuntu, lokhu kuyinto efakazelwe isikhathi eside futhi efakazelwe. Amafomu wemodi esebenzayo azokwazi nokuzethemba. Inendima ebalulekile kuyo idlala yingxenye yengqondo, ehlose ukukhulisa isimo sesiguli esihlala esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Iqaphele kakhulu ukubeka irejista esebenzayo, ngoba isiguli singase singakwazi ukunamathela kuso. Ngenxa yalokho, isinqumo esinjalo singabangela imiphumela emibi nakakhulu. Ukunika umgomo osebenzayo ulandela, ngokususelwa eminyakeni yobudala, umsebenzi, isimo sesiguli, isigaba sesifo, ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo, izinga lokuqina komzimba wonke, njalonjalo.

I-passive noma i-hypodynamia ingathinta isimo sesiguli. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi ukunyakaza okuzolile nokusebenzayo akufanele ukuphikisana komunye nomunye. Uhlobo ngalunye lomsebenzi kufanele kube nje ukungezelela kolunye uhlobo. Futhi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi umbuso ongekho ngaphansi kwanoma yikuphi okuzoholela ekuqothulweni okuthile kokuxhunyaniswa kwe-reflex condition. Ingxenye yengqondo yombuso obuthakathaka nayo ibalulekile: ukucwiliswa ngokwakho, ukungaboni kahle, ukuzindla ngesifo, njll. Izwi le-muscle elibuthakathaka lingancipha kakhulu inqubo yonke yokuthola.

Umsebenzi wesineke

Izinhlobo zomsebenzi wemoto yesiguli zihlukaniswe ngokuthi:

1. Ukuphumula okuqhelile.
2. Ukuphumula kombhede.
3. Imodi yama-half bed.
4. Imodi evamile.

Ukuphumula okulalayo kunqunyelwe izifo ezinzima ekuqaleni. Ibeka umkhawulo ngokuphelele inkululeko yokusebenza yesiguli. Awukwazi ukuma ngokwakho, uhlale phansi uphinde uvule ngakolunye uhlangothi. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zomsebenzi womuntu ziqondiswa ekulondolozeni amandla okufanele asebenze njengendawo yokulwela ukulwa nokugula.

Ukuphumula kombhede kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Iqokwa lapho inqubo yokubuyiselwa ibonakala. Kodwa le meyi ivumela umsebenzi wenjini kuphela ngaphakathi kombhede. Yonke imisebenzi yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu kanye nokudla okunomsoco kwenziwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo.

Imodi yombhede ephakathi kombhede ikuvumela ukuba uhambe, uhlale phansi, vakashela indlu yangasese wena udle. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa izifo zokwehluleka okulinganiselayo futhi okunomusa.

Imodi evamile yesiguli ibonakala ukuthi umsebenzi womzimba awunqunyelwe nhlobo. Umuntu omdala angakwazi ukwenza ngokuzimela zonke izenzo ezidingekayo, futhi ingane ingahamba futhi idlale emgwaqweni, ihambisana nomuntu omdala.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomsebenzi wemoto

Imisebenzi enjalo iyadingeka kakhulu kubantu abadala kanye nezingane. Phela, zihloselwe ukwanelisa izidingo eziyisisekelo zengozi kanye nokushintsha kokubonakalayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlobo zemishini yokusebenza kwezingane kufanele zicatshangwe ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukugwema izingozi. Imisebenzi evelele ingabandakanya ukuhamba ngezindiza, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, njll. Yonke yale misebenzi ibe nengxenye ebalulekile yengozi, ngisho naphezu kwezinga eliphakeme lokulungela abantu. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zomsebenzi wezimoto, ezithinta ngokufanele isimo somzimba, ziwukuzilibazisa kwengqondo okubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuthuthela ezingeni lezwe lonke, singasho ukuthi imithwalo enjalo inganciphisa kakhulu amaphesenti ezenzakalo ezimbi nezenzo zobugebengu emphakathini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla

Noma yiziphi izinhlobo zomsebenzi wemoto kubalwa ngokushiswa kwama-khalori nokusetshenziswa komzimba wamandla athile. Ngisho nasezimo zokuphumula okuphelele, umzimba usaqhubeka uchitha amakholori. Zichitha izinqubo zangaphakathi: ukushaya inhliziyo, ukugaya ukudla, ukunyakaza kwegazi ngemithambo yegazi, njll. Wonke amasistimu omzimba asebenzisa amandla amaningi ekuhlinzekeni umsebenzi wawo obalulekile. Inqubo eyisisekelo yokushintshaniswa kwenzeka emva kwephupho egazini elingenalutho nangesikhathi sokushisa kwama-15-20 degrees. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kungashintsha kuye ngokuthi isimo sangaphakathi senyama kanye nokuba khona kwezifo. Uma umsebenzi we-gland noma i-organ ethile ephukile, umzimba udinga amandla amaningi ukuze uthole umsebenzi.

Ngenani amandla kudliwe ngesisekelo umsebenzi okhokhelwayo, abantu zingahlukaniswa zibe 6 izigaba:

• 1 iqembu - abantu abaphila ukuphila umzimba, ngokuvamile kuba abasebenzi ehhovisi. Bachitha ngosuku e 2200-2500 kilojoule.
• Iqembu 2 - abantu abanayo evamile imisipha ubunzima, kodwa umsebenzi ehlezi. Lezi zihlanganisa Jewelers, abagawuli nothisha. Bachitha ngosuku e 2600-2900 kilojoule.
• Iqembu 3 - bangabantu abanokuhlangenwe uhlobo kwemisipha, kodwa mncane impela. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa odokotela, oweta kanye Iposi lalingase liphathiswe. Ziyakwazi sadlala alingana namandla 3000-3100 kilojoule.
• Iqembu 4 - abantu sokusebenza kwemisipha (abaqeqeshi, babashayeli, omakhenikha). Yabo izindleko energy ayalingana 3500-3700 kilojoule.
• 5 iqembu - labo abenza onzima ngokomzimba (abasebenzi workshop, abadlali professional). Kulokhu, njengoba ichithe okunama-kilojoule angu 4100.
• Iqembu 6 - umsebenzi onzima kakhulu (abavukuzi, nabakhi). izindleko amandla kuleli cala ayalingana 5100 kilojoule, kodwa lokhu embundwini angase kudlulwe.

Naphezu owandile onganembile umsebenzi engqondweni impela kancane amandla, ngakho kuwukuhlakanipha ukubalalela nokubathobela ukwakha ekudleni kwakho.

izingane okusebenzayo

izinhlobo Modern lokuzivivinya akuvumela ukuba ukhethe umdlalo ofanele kakhulu ingane. Umthwalo umzimba ezikhulayo kuyisici esibalulekile futhi zibalulekile ekukhuleni obunobunye nokuthuthuka. Emphakathini wanamuhla kukhona ukuthambekela ukuba Oqala ukungezwa aze agcine impilo yengane. Esinye sezizathu esiyinhloko eziyimbangela yalokhu kuyinto nokungawuvivinyi umzimba. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izindlela zanamuhla lokuzivivinya ehlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo, izingane uncamela imidlalo ye-computer nokuzijabulisa ku-intanethi.

Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono motor imodi zezingane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda ezinye izici ngamunye izinhlobo ezahlukene umsebenzi. indlela enjalo isekelwa ososayensi A. N. Leontev, AP kanye AV Ussova Zaporozhetc. ndlela ngamunye umahluko kuphela uyakwazi sigxilise ukunakekela ingane impilo yabo kusukela zisencane.

Kubalulekile ukufundisa izingane imidlalo asebenzayo, yokuchitha isizungu ephathekayo, imfundo ngokomzimba futhi izinqubo tempering. Uma unike lolu kokucubungula esemncane, ingane uyoqonda izenzakalo ezifana udaba Yebo.