Izinhlobo amasignali: analog, digital, digital

Nsuku zonke, abantu ibhekene ukusetshenziswa zobuchwepheshe. Ngaphandle kwawo, kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni akunakwenzeka. Sikhuluma-TV, umsakazo, i-computer, ifoni, kanye nezinye izinto multivarka. Ngaphambili, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, akekho owacabanga ukuthi nhloboni isignali isetshenziselwa iyunithi ngayinye operable. Manje igama elithi "i-analog", "digital", "digital" Sekuyisikhathi eside ekulalelweni. Ezinye izinhlobo lezi zimpawu yilezi eliphezulu futhi eqotho.

ukudluliswa Digital yasetshenziselwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kwabhalwa analog. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-signal lula kakhulu ukuba silondoloze, futhi imishini ngaleso sikhathi akazange ngakho ngcono.

Nge welithi "ngokuqhubekayo" ubhekene wonke umuntu njalo. Uma ukuhumusha izwi Sisuka olimini lwesiLatin, kusho kuba "discontinuity". Bezama kude isayensi, singasho ukuthi isiginali digital indlela yokudlulisa ulwazi, okubandakanya ushintsho esikhathini medium-yenethiwekhi. Lesi sakamuva uthatha noma iliphi inani kuzo zonke kungenzeka. Manje ngokuqhubekayo iya endleleni, emva kwanqunywa ukuba uveza isimiso ku-chip. Zihambisana, futhi zonke izingxenye uxhumana eduze nomunye. Imvelo ngokuqhubekayo konke ncamashi okuphambene - yonke imininingwane usuphelile futhi ixhunywe ku ezinye esebenzisa izixhumanisi ekhethekile.

isignali

Isitshengiselo ikhodi ekhethekile lapho idluliselwa esikhaleni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izinhlelo. Lolu limi ezivamile.

Emkhakheni wezingalo kolwazi nezokuxhumana isignali ngokuthi abezindaba esikhethekile noma iyiphi idatha ukuthi isetshenziswa ukuthumela imilayezo. It kungadalwa, kodwa ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga, isimo yokugcina akudingekile. Nxa isitshengiselo umlayezo "wokudoba" yakhe kubhekwa kunesidingo.

Kuchazwe ikhodi idatha ebizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi zezibalo. Lichaza zonke izinguquko kungenzeka nemingcele. Imfundiso ye-elektroniki, lokhu imodeli kubhekwa isisekelo. Kuyinto isignali Analogue liye labizwa ngokuthi umsindo. Kuyinto umsebenzi isikhathi ngamancozuncozu, okuyinto ukhululekile uxhumane ikhodi ngocansi, siphendukezela ke.

Isihloko esichaza izinhlobo amasignali: digital, analog digital. Futhi unikezwa kafushane ithiyori eziyisisekelo isihloko kuchazwe.

izinhlobo amasignali

Kunezinhlobo eziningana Ukwahlukaniswa amasignali ezikhona. Ake sibone ukuthi yini izinhlobo.

1. Ngokwe-ngokomzimba naphakathi wabelane yenethiwekhi uphawu lukagesi, optical, acoustic futhi kagesi. Zikhona nezinye izinhlobo eziningana, kodwa akwaziwa kahle.
2. Ngendlela amasignali inkomba zihlukaniswe njalo futhi engaphumi njalo. Esokuqala izindlela deterministic ukuthumela idatha, okuyinto kuchazwa i umsebenzi kohlaziyo. Okungahleliwe is washayelwa ngezithukuthuku imfundiso yokuziphendukela okungenzeka, futhi bathatha akubaluleke ngalutho at ezahlukene zinkathi.
3. Kuye imisebenzi achaza yonke nemingcele isignali, amasu ukuthumela idatha kungenzeka analog, leyehlukene, digital (inqubo okuyinto quantized ngu ezingeni). Zisetshenziswa for ukusebenza kumadivayisi amaningi kagesi.

Manje umfundi ujwayelene zonke izinhlobo mkhosi. Qonda kubo ngisakhathazwa kunoma ubani, into esemqoka - ucabange kancane futhi khumbula physics esikoleni esiphakeme.

Yini isignali icutshungulwe?

Isignali icutshungulwe ukuze ezithumela futhi zamukele ulwazi, okuyinto ngekhodi therein. Uma isuswe, ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kwezinye izimo-ke kabusha.

Kunesinye futhi isizathu ukubhekisiswa izitshengiselo zamatshe zonke. Kuyinto ukusikwa imvamisa ezincane (ukuze singathwesi kulimaze ulwazi). Ngemva kwalokho, simiswe futhi adluliselwa ngesivinini kancane.

Isignali ye-analog digital, amasu ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswa. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlunga, convolution, ukuhlanganisa. Ziyakwazi kudingekile ukubuyisela isignali uma kuba ezilimele noma has umsindo.

Creation nokuthuthukiswa

Ngokuvamile izimpawu ezidingekayo ukuze azakhele analog-to-digital (ADC) kanye digital-kuya-analog (DAC) converters. Ngokuvamile, zingabantu kokubili ukusetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni nge-DSP-technology. Kwezinye izimo, kuphela ukusetshenziswa DAC efanelekayo.

Uma udala ngokomzimba analog amakhodi ukuze uyothuthukisa nokusebenzisa izindlela digital ancike ulwazi ezidluliselwa nge mishini ekhethekile.

uhla ashukumisayo

isignali ububanzi ibalwa umehluko zinkulu futhi umthamo ezincane, okuyinto obonakaliswe decibel angu. He is bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni umsebenzi kanye nokusebenza izici. Sikhuluma nawomculo kanye mpendulwano Ezivamile phakathi kwabantu. Uma sithatha, isibonelo, ummemezeli ofunda izindaba, uhla yayo ashukumisayo azungeze 25-30 dB. Futhi ngesikhathi kufundwa noma yimuphi umsebenzi angakhula kwakhe kuze kube dB 50.

Isignali ye-analog

Isignali ye-analog kuyinto eqhubekayo ngesikhathi, indlela ukudluliswa kwedatha. A kusimo yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi u umsindo samanje, lapho ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekulahlekelweni ephelele yolwazi. Isikhathi esining impela kunezimo ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi ukuphi ikhodi idatha ezibaluleke kakhulu, futhi lapho Ukuhlanekezelwa evamile.

Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu signal processing digital eye yazuza eziningi udumo futhi kancane kancane esikhundleni analog.

kusiginali yedijithali

Isignali oludijithali ethile idatha ukugeleza, sichazwe ngezithukuthuku imisebenzi ehlukeneko. amplitude yayo ingathatha value ethile esichaziwe kakade. Uma isiginali ye-analog uyakwazi ukubhekana omningi umsindo, izihlungi digital okuningi umsindo kukhiqizwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo ledatha idlulisela ulwazi ngaphandle umthwalo kakhulu semantic. Ngemva isiteshi esisodwa ngokomzimba ingathunyelwa amakhodi amaningi.

Izinhlobo kusiginali yedijithali alikho, njengoba injena njengoba ehlukile futhi ezimele ukudluliswa kwedatha indlela. Limelela ekusakazeni kanambambili. Esikhathini sethu, isiginali ubhekwa ethandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa lula ukusetshenziswa.

Isicelo Digital esiginali

Uyini umehluko phakathi digital uphawu lukagesi omunye? Iqiniso lokuthi uyakwazi ukwenza umuntu alulame ngokugcwele kule transponder. Lapho imishini zokuxhumana ithola isignali kokuba isiphazamiso kwencani, wayihlukumeza kakhulu masinyane, eshintsha ifomu yayo digital. Lokhu kuvumela, isibonelo, umbhoshongo TV ukuze ukhiqize isignali futhi, kodwa ngaphandle umphumela umsindo.

Kuleso simo, uma isimiso isivele bephethe ukuhlanekezela enkulu-ke, ngeshwa, akayena kuncike sokubuyiselwa. Uma ungenisa kuqhathaniswa uxhumano analog ke esimweni efanayo, repeater lungase luthathe ingxenye idatha, kokuchitha amandla amaningi.

Ukuxoxa ukuxhumana kwamangqamuzana in takhiwo ehlukahlukene, nge ukuhlanekezela oqinile emgqeni digital cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba akhulume, ngoba ungezwa amagama noma izisho lonke. Uxhumano analog kulokhu ephumelela kakhudlwana, ngoba ungaqhubeka bahlanganyele inkhulumomphendvulwano.

Kungenxa yokuthi lezo zinkinga yedijithali isignali ukuphinda yakha ngokuvamile kakhulu ukuze unciphise isixhumanisi igebe.

isignali Digital

Manje wonke umuntu usebenzisa iselula noma uhlobo oluthile "isidayeli" kukhompyutha yakho. Munye walemisebenti amadivayisi noma isofthiwe - a ukudluliswa isignali, kulesi simo ukusakaza izwi. Ukuze udlulisele wave okuqhubekayo sidinga isiteshi eyayizoba ezingeni eliphakeme umthamo throughput. Yingakho lesi sinqumo sithathwe ukusebenzisa kusiginali yedijithali. Akenzi ukudala wave uqobo, futhi injalo digital. Kubangelwa yini lokho? Ngenxa ukudluliswa kuvela art (isib, efonini noma kwikhompyutha). Yiziphi izinzuzo lolu hlobo ukudluliswa kwedatha? Ngalo incipha isamba idatha ngocansi uhlelekile futhi kulula batch Dispatch.

Umqondo "izibonelo zalokho" Sekuyisikhathi eside njalo elisetshenziswa computer ubunjiniyela. Ngenxa isignali okunjalo akukhona okuqhubekayo ulwazi ngocansi, okuyinto okubhalwe ngokuphelele izinhlamvu ezikhethekile futhi izincwadi, futhi idatha eqoqwe ngamabhulogi ekhethekile. Ziyakwazi izinhlayiya ehlukile futhi aqede. Le ndlela wekhodi Sekuyisikhathi eside labasibekela, kodwa alikakangilahlekeli. Ngalo ungakwazi kalula ukudlulisa izingcezu ezincane zolwazi.

Ukuqhathanisa amasignali digital futhi analog

Ukuthenga imishini, neze ubani ecabanga ngokuthi iziphi izinhlobo amasignali elisetshenziswa ngandlela-thile yomculo, futhi mayelana imvelo yabo kanye nemvelo nakakhulu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kusadingeka ukubhekana imiqondo.

Sekuyisikhathi eside kucace ukuthi ubuchwepheshe analog ukulahlekelwa ngokufunwa, ngoba ukusetshenziswa yabo ayisebenzi. Kunalokho iza bezokuxhumana. Kufanele siqonde ukuthi kwenzekani nokuthi yini udoti lwesintu.

Kafushane, isiginali ye-analog - indlela kolwazi yokudlulisela, okubandakanya incazelo idatha imisebenzi eqhubekayo of isikhathi. Empeleni, ekhuluma ngokuqondile, amplitude oscillation kungaba amandla okubhekana nanoma iluphi Inani imingcele echaziwe.

Digital signal processing sichazwe ezehlukene isikhathi imisebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, lo amplitude of oscillation le ndlela kuyinto amagugu ngokuqinile esithile.

Ukuhambisa kusuka theory ukuzijayeza, kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi isici analog isignali ukuphazamiseka. Nge digital kungekho izinkinga ezinjalo, ngoba ngempumelelo yabo "ukulolonga". Ngenxa ubuchwepheshe obusha ezifana ukudluliswa kwedatha indlela uyakwazi bebodwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa usosayensi ukubuyisela lonke ulwazi yasekuqaleni.

Ekhuluma kumabonakude, siyasibona kakade ngokuqiniseka ngokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside transmission analog abaselona usizo walo. abathengi Iningi ukushintsha kuya kusiginali yedijithali. kusimo zokugcina wukuthi uma transmission analog uyakwazi ukwamukela kunoma iyiphi idivayisi, indlela yesimanje - imishini ekhethekile kuphela. Nakuba ukufunwa indlela aphelelwe yisikhathi Sekuyisikhathi eside bawa, kodwa lezi izinhlobo amasignali zisekhona abakwazi ukuba ubalekele zokuphila kwansuku zonke ngokuphelele.