Inganekwane indaba "The Sandman" (u-Ernst Theodor Amadey Gofman): isifinyezo. "Sandman": umlingisi losemcoka noveli

E. Hofmann - omunye abameleli evelele kunazo zonke Romanticism German. Umsebenzi wakhe enezici kakhulu: ngaphezu umsebenzi wokubhala, eloba umculo, ngesineke. Nokho, okusebenza kuhluke okwakhe, okwenza kube yezinganekwane ngokuphelele efana isikhathi sesifundo romantic Umkhiqizo ophathelene namasiko emvelo. Ngakho-ke, lokhu umbhali akaconsi emlandweni izincwadi emhlabeni.

Kafushane mayelana kumbhali

Yazalwa ngo-ummeli elula umndeni futhi ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu wakhetha mkhakha efanayo. Nokho, lolu cwaningo kanye nempikiswano eqhubekayo kwenza inkonzo yomphakathi sicindezelwe kakhulu kuye, wazama ukwenza art ophilayo, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Isimo sesingconywana ngemva umbhali imadlana eyifa. Naphezu kobunzima, akazange adikibale umbhalo, kodwa emsebenzini wakhe abasitholanga impendulo kusuka baxgeki German kanye nezinhlelo zokufunda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imisebenzi yakhe yayithandwa nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, elaseRussia nelase-United States.

ekudalweni

Romance Hoffmann kuyinto ethize kakhulu futhi kuhlukile lowo wabhala abamele lokhu kuthambekela. Iningi labalobi weza izinto ukuboniswa nezinhlamvu kakhulu, bedumisa Umqondo wokuba nenkululeko engenamingcele. Kodwa u-Ernst Amadeus uzilahlile lezi izilungiselelo ngokuthayipha ekulandiseni yayo izakhi i ukubhinqa oyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsunguli belahla izimiso nakancane enkululeko, ngokugxila kuphela izinhlamvu heroes yakhe. Hoffmann sika kumnandi futhi nge touch of horror, kodwa, nokho, awayona kangaka esabe njengoba benokuthile. umbhali amahlaya futhi ucace kakhulu. Umlobi ngendlela ezonakalisayo futhi kuyindida kakhulu ihlekisa izenzo ezimbi emphakathini wesimanje, okuyiwona, mhlawumbe, ukuthi isebenza, hhayi ethandwa kakhulu ezweni lakubo. Kodwa ezweni lakithi liye ayibonwa. Belinsky wambiza imbongi omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi Dostoevsky nesithakazelo kakhulu endalweni yakhe, eqinisweni, Hoffmann kubonakala emibhalweni we umlobi nesazi.

Izici

Isici nobuntu umlobi kwakungomunye intertwining eduze engokoqobo nasezindabeni eziqanjiwe. Kodwa mithandazo hhayi ziqondakala umbhali njengoba into ongavamile: ku Kunalokho, iveza wakhe njengoba udaba Yebo, njengoba ohlangothini reverse yokuba khona komuntu kwansuku zonke. izinhlamvu aso anjengamajuba ukuphila okumbaxambili emhlabeni abavamile, futhi endaweni esikuyo kumnandi. Isibonelo nezindaba ezinjalo iyona Novella Gofmana "The Sandman." Lona omunye ethandwa iningi lemisebenzi yakhe, elaba lwentando umlobi. I izingoma zisekelwe Folk yokuphila yakudala, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo libonisa namaqiniso enkathini yesimanje lembhali. indaba Tale-kwaba ethandwa kangaka ukuthi izisusa zalo asetshenziswa ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso. Omunye main icebo imigqa ngisho kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile ku Libretto of the opera abadumile French.

ukwakheka

Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile yilona umbuzo ukuthi ukwakha kanjani ukulandisa kwakhe kulo msebenzi Hoffmann. Okufingqiwe ( "Sandman" kulesi sici kuyehluka kuneminye ezimnandi Fairy), ngeshwa, akukuniki isakhiwo sonke yokuqala embhalweni. Futhi esingavamile ngempela. Umbhali, efana bengazi ukuthi atshele abafundi bayo kule ndaba engavamile, khetha i-eseyi lelandzisako ifomu ethakazelisa kakhulu. Tale iqala umlingiswa oyinhloko yalapho nomngani wakhe Elisabeth nomkhwenyana Clara. Ngemva kuphindza acoce okuqukethwe izinhlamvu umbhali waya ngqo umvuthwandaba nomphumela wayo. ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba uqonde kangcono ukuthi umlingisi we hero, ewele ukuhlanya, yaphela ukuphila kwakhe kabuhlungu. Ezincwadini umfundi bajwayelane zwe eliyinkimbinkimbi futhi iphikisana kakhulu elingaphakathi Nathaniel, ngubani zingahlelekile ezimbi ngenxa ebuntwaneni ukuhlukumezeka: obumnandi esahlupha naye, ngisho umakoti, yonke imizamo ukumphazamisa imicabango esindayo abanayo ingaphelele. Engxenyeni eyibhalela yesibili umfundi ubona iqhawe sengathi kusuka ngaphandle, ngokwazi kakade mayelana nosizi sakhe sengqondo. Kodwa manje sibona ukubonakaliswa yabo sangaphandle nezesabekayo kuholela enhlekeleleni.

uthayi

Ngo umkhiqizo ihlaziye elilodwa amakhosi engcono yokusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu izincwadi emhlabeni uye wazibonakalisa Hoffman. Okufingqiwe ( "The Sandman" ihlukile kakhulu nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ngesakhiwo, naphezu lula ngoba kubonakala sengathi kunokuthula isakhiwo) Kunezindaba kufanele uqale ngokukhuluma abangane izincwadi, kusuka lapho sifunda nomlando wayo. Nathaniel utshela umngane indaba ezimbi kwenzekeni kuye esemncane. Nokugada uyesaba kuye inganekwane mayelana Sandman, ubani ojezisa labangakhoni ungafuni ukuya embhedeni. Izinkumbulo lokhu ngakho ngokujulile zahlala enkumbulweni yakhe, okuyinto kwenzakala umcabango yomntwana nezilima ngandlela-thile. Igalelo lokugcina psyche sengane asebenzelana emva kwenzeka ingozi ebucayi, okuyinto ake azibona.

Kulesi umsebenzi eqanjiwe master esabekayo waziveza Hoffman. Okufingqiwe ( "The Sandman" - inoveli kunalokho elibuhlungu) usebenza akakwazi ukuba kudlule bonke izinkanuko ngokungenakulinganiswa neyinkimbinkimbi ngokungaphezulu nempi yangaphakathi umlingiswa oyinhloko, umbhalo kufanele ufunde ngokuphelele. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi zilinganiselwe ngenxa kwenkululeko sihloko, aphakele esifushanisiwe kuphindza acoce. Nathaniel oboné ukufa okubuhlungu uyise, naye kwenziwe ucwaningo nge omunye uprofesa ongaziwa abavakashele endlini yabo. Ngobunye ubusuku, lo umfana alihlola njengoba ongamazi kwenziwe ucwaningo ngamehlo, futhi ngemva sokuhlola, uyise kabuhlungu abulawe. Ingane uqinisekile ukuthi lo profesa ingumbulali, futhi uyafunga yokuziphindiselela.

ukuthuthukiswa ngesakhiwo

I-eseyi ihlaziye amakhono abo ngomfanekiso Psychology womuntu wazibonakalisa Hoffman. Okufingqiwe ( "The Sandman" - umsebenzi nomthelela ezijulile zefilosofi, naphezu izakhi kumnandi) tale iyaguquka ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha izenzakalo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwethenjelwa yesithombe kwezinhlamvu. Encwadini ezilandelayo, Nathaniel ekutshela ukuthi wajwayelana nge uthisha ongavamile ku-physics kanjani futhi waqala ukutadisha naye. Elapho, watholana umakhenikha ngubani sifana kakhulu lo profesa, ababebulele uyise. Hero ilungele okuziphindiselela, kodwa umakoti encwadini impendulo wamnxusa ukuba ayiyeke le imicabango belusizi ezingase ukushayela bathi usangene. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, hero yathi iphutha: i umakhenikha kwakungathi uprofesa, futhi ngandlela-thile ukushweleza iqhawe lakhe wamthenga isibonakude okuyothi wabuka indodakazi komfundisi wakhe, Olympia, okuyinto kwaba intombazane enhle kakhulu. Ngo abangane ize Nathaniel wamqinisekisa ukuthi ubeyisibenzi engajwayelekile futhi sifana unodoli mechanical (futhi zaphumela): hero akafuni ukuzwa, futhi, akhohlwe umakoti wakhe zanquma ukwenza isifundo sipho lase-Olympia.

izenzakalo eminye

Omunye abalandisi impikiswano kakhulu kwaba Hoffman. "Sandman", ukuhlaziywa ofakelwe yalokhu kubukezwa - ubufakazi engcono. Elidabukisayo Umbala mkhiqizo wazizwa ikakhulukazi kakhulu lapho eya kwalapho. Hero kwaba Clara engajabule okwakukhona intombazane elula ngobuqotho, ayikho ngaphansi ukwesaba nezinkolelo-ze nokuthatheka eyiphutha. Nathaniel ukufunda kwakhe izindaba zakhe ezinzima, kodwa awazange aqonde ukuthi wathatha ukuba nandaba nobuwula, kuyilapho Olympia walalela insizwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphazamiso. Njengoba lase linqume ukuphakamisa kwakhe, le nsizwa wafika endlini kayise, kodwa emcasulayo wakhe akatholanga isithombe esibi: uthisha ne UProfesa esabekayo unodoli eziphukile. Kusukela lokho akubona Nathaniel uyahlanya.

Uhlamvu hero nesizungu

Umbhali igxile - isithombe umlingiswa oyinhloko, indoda izwele kakhulu owayeseyi- bengeke bakwazi ukuqeda obsessions yezingane zabo. Naphezu uthando Clara, elula intombazane futhi eqotho, namanje wanqotshwa ukwesaba izinkolelo-ze, okwamholela ukuba Madness. Ngeshwa, ezazidingeka ezinhle ke babhujiswa psyche eziphukile, okungase ngeke welaphe noma uthando Clara noma ubungane umnewabo Elisabeth. Esikhathini sokugcina, hero ebuyela ekhaya ngemva ngcono okwesikhashana kwemali yokusekela ezempilo isikhathi nengoduso yakhe. Kodwa ngolunye usuku ebheka le spyglass futhi futhi uya crazy. Cishe ukubulala Clara, yena uyazibulala. Ngakho, umlobi wale ethandwa inganekwane kuyinto "The Sandman." Hoffman, ogama Izibuyekezo yencwadi, naphezu kwale nhlekelele, yaba mihle kakhulu, okwaqala ngayo emhlabeni kwezincwadi kunjengesipho umdali imikhiqizo nge ukunambitheka engavamile nombala udangele, kodwa umuzwa oluthile amahlaya ukuthi uyayibona abafundi abaningi futhi baxgeki.