Om - komfula eNtshonalanga yeSiberia, izithombe kanye nencazelo

Om - umfula ogeleza Western eSiberia. Irtysh, ob noLwandle Kara: It imicengezi ezintathu libhekisela ngqo. Ulwazi lokuqala mayelana Omi River zingatholakala encwadini laseSiberia umdvwebo, eyahlanganiswa e 1701 Semenom Remezovym. Kulesi sihloko sizogxila Omi emfuleni, izici zayo, indawo kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngalesi echibini. Futhi manje kabanzi.

igama

Igama emfuleni Om wayevela izwi Turkic 'sokuthula' ( "Om"). Futhi kule Irtysh futhi Baraba bendawo liwubiza nezinciphiso: Omka.

indawo

Lake Omsk, lapho umfula kuvela Om, etholakala emaxhaphozini ku Vasyugan esigodini futhi ungumthombo. emfuleni Landelayo welula Baraba Izimfunda ezingasogwini. Umlomo Omi itholakala Omsk, osebeni kwesokudla Irtysh.

incazelo emfuleni

Le ndawo okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi lomfula Om kuyinto 52600 amakhilomitha square. Isilinganiso ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngonyaka - 64 cubic metres ngomzuzwana, futhi esiphezulu - 814. Ubude emfuleni Om - 1091 km. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, umfula waya eNkantolo Kuibyshev ebhentshini elingaphansi Ust-Tarka. Manje Om akufakwanga uhlu ezibalulekile izindlela amanzi ephakathi nezwe Russian. The main nemingenela komfula :

• Achairka.
• Icha (engenhla nemingenela engezansi).
• Ugurmanka.
• Uzakla.
• Kama.
• Tarka.
• Tarbuga.
• Tartas.

Umfula ukuhamba izitsha tonnage amancane, kodwa usendaweni confluence yayo ne Tartasa. Esikhathini sifinyelela ongenhla umfula ugeleza ngokusebenzisa endaweni izimbuku ezinamahlathi. Khona-ke iqala asemaqeleni, futhi amabhange - imizana kuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona okwengeziwe, kukhona idolobha. abadobi abaningi banesithakazelo umbuzo onjani izinhlanzi itholakala emfuleni Om. Igcwele:

• sterlet;
• nelmy;
• whitefish;
• walleye;
• Pike;
• bass;
• carp;
• roach.

emfuleni Valley

Isigodi emfuleni sivezwe emithambekeni okungacaci uhlangane ne sezwe ezizungezile. Ngaphezu sifinyelela engenhla, kubukeka sengathi i-trapezoid, kwezinye izindawo engalingani. Ububanzi yesigodi - kusuka ngamamitha angamakhulu amabili alungele nesishiyagalombili amakhilomitha. Ngo emithambekeni engenhla athambile futhi emathafeni - emaweni, ngezinye izikhathi azimele. Kukhona eshayisa.

kwemfunda Omi

Kwimfunda lomfula -sided, kwezinye izindawo izimbuku eyayiphambana avuse ehlukile. Ngezansi - Emaceleni. Ububanzi ubuncane kwimfunda - amamitha angamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu, esiphezulu - amakhilomitha ayishumi nesithupha nengxenye.

Landelela futhi

ububanzi isiteshi Omi emanzini ongaphakeme elingamamitha 40 kuya kwangu-84. Kwezinye izindawo ku egoba - kusuka 110 kuya 220 m ukujula e angajulile of 0.3 kuya 1.5 m, futhi ifinyelela amamitha 2 kuya 4.1 ukugeleza ethulile, velocity yayo - .. Kusuka 0.3 kuya 1.4 amamitha ngomzuzwana. Nomthombo uzwakalise obuphelele ecacile amakhilomitha amahlanu emthonjeni. Lokhu ingxenye ubukeka njengoba izandiso ezincane ngesimo mini-emachibini, ezixhunywe nomunye. A aphansi ithrekhi iqonde futhi Twisty kakhulu.

Izici emfuleni

Om - emfuleni ebhebhezela iqhwa ukuncibilika. Izikhukhula iqala ngo-May ihlala kuze July (ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganisa nokuthile). Freeze-up iqala ngasekupheleni kukaMfumfu noma ekuqaleni kuka November. Ice iqala ukuya ngo-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kuka May. Low-amanzi ogwini ngiwavule ezihlabayo ezikhulayo ukushayelwa.

Omi ububanzi luyehluka in the engenhla 15 kuya 25 m phakathi - 150 kuya ku-180, futhi ngo-sifinyelela engezansi - kuze kufinyelele 220 amamitha. Ukujula ziyahlukahluka kusuka isigamu imitha 5.5 m sifinyelela ephansi, futhi kusukela 0.2 kuya ku-3 m elingenhla.

Ngo-1982, e- esizalweni somfula ngesikhathi Dredging watholakala isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla kwamanzi Kolchak. Drowning kwenzeka ngo-1918, kwezwakala ngokuduma kwezikhali ukuthi amagobolondo zitholakale a isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla. Emhlabeni isitsha kwamanzi eyakhelwe edamini ngobuningi. Kusukela ngo-1982 kuya ku-1984, onjiniyela isuswe, ukususwa kanye kubukela phansi izinhlamvu esitholakala phansi emfuleni.

Eduze kwendawo lapho Om agelezela emfuleni. Irtysh, abavubukuli baye bathola esivumelwaneni lasendulo lalibizwa ngokuthi Big Log, indawo 2500 square metres. amakhaya atholakele, amathuluzi kanye zobumba pozdnekulayskogo ukubukeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lwamakholi zikhona nezinye, ithela kulo Om: Ukuvukwa, Syropyatsky Kornilov futhi ezimbili ongashiwongo ngegama (ngesikhathi drevushki encane Samarinki futhi Kormilovka wesifunda isikhungo).

ngemvelo

Om - umfula, okuyinto esikhathini entwasahlobo kwendle. Yena ngokuqinile zibhebhetheka futhi heats ethafeni esilandelayo. Eighties, umfula ngisho "iqhakazile", amboze uhlaza. Ukuze ukudlula imikhumbi ke kwakusafanele ahlanze kusuka emasimini inqwaba namadamu. Ukuhlakazeka amile bafakwa hovercraft. Bona wabhukuda waphumela ngaphandle Syropyatskogo emzaneni.

Photo Om River abonisa ukuthi waqala ngokushesha sikhule engajulile eminyakeni yamuva. Amanzi livela Novosibirsk Vasyuganskoye emaxhaphozini nasemachibini amaningi. Kodwa ukuthutheleka zincipha unyaka nonyaka. Futhi kukhona yokuswelakala kwamanzi kusilela.

Irtysh - Uhlelo federal ukuhlinzeka amanzi okuphuza kuya izakhamuzi zaseRussia, eyamukelwa ngo-1999, e-Omsk esifundeni kwasekuqaleni ukwakha ekupheleni komsele Om wakhululwa. Kanye nokwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi e Kalachinsk.

Isiteshi esiyinhloko ukuthi zaklama futhi zakha izindawo cishe ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet. yaqedwa amaphesenti engamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu. Ekuqaleni, ukukhula kwawo kwenziwa njengengxenye yesimiso sokunisela ngenkasa. Le projekthi sivunyiwe e-Ministry of Resources Water ngo-1980, lwamashumi amabili nanhlanu Novemba. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ke sabiwe ehlukile, ezimele.

Imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni umsele main babe ukutholakala kwamanzi endawo eniselwa ngenkasa kuhambisana Omi endaweni amahektheli amahlanu nanye namakhulu. Kanye supply njalo amanzi okuphuza Nizhneomsky, Omsk, Gorky, Kalachinsk futhi Kormilovsky District.

isiteshi Main, ubude okuyinto 53 900 amakhilomitha, avela amakhilomitha amabili kusukela Isakovki emzaneni ise Gorky esifundeni. The last 14 wamamitha angu-800 phezu isiteshi emfuleni. Achairki. Yayakhiwa futhi iziteshi ezimbili ukudonsa.