Imvelo Geographical. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imvelo ezindawo

imvelo Geographical - ke luyingxenye yobuntu, okuyinto baxhumana ngokuqondile umphakathi wesintu. Kuyadingeka abantu ukuba baxazulule izinkinga ukukhiqizwa futhi ukuphila. Ukuhlukahlukana okukhona emvelweni, abakuhlakulelayo ihlukaniswe bokusebenza komuntu. Yena yazihlanganisa nokuzingela nokudoba, nemfuyo, izimayini, njll Izici ukuthi ine zemvelo esizungezile engokwemvelo, wanikeza iziqondiso eziqondile yizenzo zabantu. Izibonelo amagatsha athile zokukhiqiza, okuyinto ngezwe nesifunda.

Umlando yentuthuko

imvelo Geographical sekukhona njengoba phetho ukuvela uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli eMhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ukuthuthukiswa yayo. Zonke ngesikhathi esinikeziwe ihlukaniswe ososayensi zibe izigaba ezintathu. Eyokuqala wathatha cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu eminyakeni. Kwaba khona izinto eziphilayo elula. Isibhakabhaka esinyathelweni sokuqala imvelo kwendawo oluqukethwe ingxenye encane-mpilo khulula. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakunokuvungama okuningi kwe-carbon dioxide.

Isigaba sesibili eyathatha iminyaka engaba mihlanu namashumi ayisikhombisa million. Ngaye nendima evelele eziphilayo e inqubo yentuthuko kanye kumiswa imvilophu kwamazwe kwakuwukubonakaliswa ejwayelekile. Phakathi nale nkathi, amatshe zanqwabelana Lokudabuka organic, kanye ukushintsha umkhathi namanzi. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ye-photosynthesis izitshalo eziluhlaza. Ukuphela kwalesi isigaba kwaba inkathi ukubukeka indoda Emhlabeni.

Sekwedlule iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane waqala wokugcina, esikhathini zanamuhla ukuthuthukiswa imvilophu womhlaba. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu nemvelo kushintshe kakhulu Abantu baqala ngenkuthalo ukuthonya izingxenye ezahlukene imvelo womhlaba, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo engakwazanga ukuphila futhi athuthukise.

Ngakho, abantu ulilethele kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane nezitshalo. Iyakwazi indawo ezingakaze zifinyelelwe futhi displacing flora zasendle ezilwaneni nasezimileni.

izingxenye ezisemqoka

Yini izakhiwo yakha imvelo womhlaba? It ngokuyinhloko zensimu. Iyindawo lapho kukhona imfundo setepolitiki noma ubuzwe. Insimu siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. Indawo Geographical. It ibonisa remoteness kwendawo kusuka yenkabazwe nezigxobo, khona layo esiqhingini esithile, izwekazi, njll Kusukela isikhundla ezindawo kuxhomeke kakhulu inombolo yezici koMbuso (inhlabathi, isimo sezulu, nezilwane, flora, njll).
2. Ukuma kwendawo yendlela ebusweni. It libhekene ngezinga elithile endaweni mazombezombe, khona izintaba namagquma, khona emathafeni namathafa, njll
3. Imvelo kwenhlabathi. Zingaba podzolic futhi exhaphozini nasogwadule olunesihlabathi chernozem njll
4. Emathunjini omhlaba. Lo mqondo kuhlanganisa izici isakhiwo Geological zensimu, kanye khona kuwo ambiwa phansi.

I ingxenye izimo zezulu yesibili kukhona imvelo womhlaba. Kuhlanganisa:

- ikhwalithi amandla elanga etholakala yalendawo kanye nobungako;

- zonyaka kanye nsuku zonke izinguquko lokushisa;

- ubunjalo kanye nenani kwezulu;

- umswakama;

- degree of cloudiness;

- khona enhlabathini eyiqhwa;

- amandla nesiqondiso imimoya, njll

Zonke izici kwemvelo, okuyiwona ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu umqondo sezulu.

Uphiko olandelayo we uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; Zomhlaba amanzi. Kulesi umqondo kuhlanganisa emfuleni nolwandle, amachibi emaxhaphozini, imithombo yamanzi amtoti kanye komhlaba. "Indoda-imvelo" uhlelo athuthukile ngamagama ashubile. Ngakho, ezicini eziningi umsebenzi womuntu ukuba nethonya elikhulu lokuhlola amanzi imibuso ezilwandle, emachibini nasemifuleni, izinga lazo lokushisa, zamanje, usawoti, njll zamerzaemost

Olunye uhlobo izakhiwo lapho imvelo womhlaba? Kuyinto yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Lihlanganisa zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihlala emanzini, enhlabathini bese phansi. Le nyoni, izilwane, izitshalo kanye nezilwanyana ezincane.

Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imvelo womhlaba? Lena iqoqo izindawo indawo, ebusweni kudivayisi, amaminerali, inhlabathi, amanzi, isimo sezulu izimila nezilwane endaweni ethile Zomhlaba, uhlala kuphi futhi ithuthukisa ingxenye ethile emphakathini wesintu.

imvelo

Lo mqondo Kumqoka kakhulu umphakathi. isakhiwo salo ebanzi kakhulu kunalelo imvelo womhlaba. Yini ehlanganisiwe ke? Kunezinhlobo ezithile imvelo - zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa.

Eyokuqala yalezi - the uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Lena indawo lempilo lazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. I uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli ayihlanganisi kuphela abameleli zezilwane nezimila, kodwa nabo bonke abantu yazo. Yiqiniso, ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu nemvelo ziphakeme kangangokuthi abantu njalo ufunde futhi ukuguqula indawo abaningi. Ukuze umphakathi, lezi zenzo akhayo kuphela. Ukuthuthukiswa ingcebo, uhlobo idatha, okuholela ekwandeni undoubted ka ezibonakalayo kuphela kodwa futhi izindinganiso ezingokomoya lesintu. Abantu ngeke bakwazi abe ocabangelayo, uma kungekhona afunde ukudala into entsha - into engelona emhlabeni.

Nazi izinhlobo imvelo ihlanganisa olwenzeka endaweni yokufakelwa. Kuyinto nakho konke okuye adalwe endoda ngokwayo. Lena akuyona nje ezihlukahlukene, kodwa futhi isuselwe ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi kanye usebenzisa ukufuywa kwamakamela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni.

Inani imvelo eyakhelwe umphakathi, bayanda luyanda njalo ngonyaka. Nokho, Dynamics kwalentuthuko kuyinto ekhathazayo. Iqiniso lokuthi isimo imvelo uwohloka ngenxa umphakathi. Umthamo konke owadalwa indoda, kakade kude idlula esisindo sezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imvelo ezindawo wabiza sonke isimiso semvelo ozungezayo emphakathini wesintu, insimu yayo zikhona izingxenye ezenziwe umuntu ngesimo izinkampani kanye nemizi, emigwaqweni emikhulu, njll izakhi ezinjalo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "lesibili" nemvelo. Nokho, igama elithi "imvelo" kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe linencazelo ukuhluka. Libhekisela kuphela uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli zemvelo.

ukuxhumana eziphikisa

yiliphi intuthuko kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa umzabalazo ngesikhathi esifanayo ubunye amabutho aphikisana naye. Ezweni lapho bahlukene ezimbili. Kuyinto uhlobo nabantu. Ngayinye yalezi amabutho amabili, uhlala imithetho yayo siqu. Futhi ngakho akukho isimanga yokuthi kuwo wonke umlando wesintu ngomzabalazo wayo nemvelo.

Lokhu kuye kwabangela ngcono amathuluzi, okuyinto aphumile izimbazo tshe ukuba lasers. Nature futhi indoda akukashintshi okushiwo yokubambisana kwawo phezu zeminyaka eminingi. Okunye izikali steel namafomu emzabalazweni.

ubunye

Man kanye imvelo nibuthana inqubo ukukhiqizwa ezibonakalayo. Abantu anqobe bemvelo, kodwa kungenziwa kuphela ngokuvumelana nemithetho yayo. Zonke izici zokuma kwezwe kwemvelo bayadingeka indoda. Ngaphandle kwawo ke ongalifinyelela. Futhi kukhona izibonelo eziningi. Nature futhi indoda ungomunye. Kungenziwa kanjani lokhu wachaza? Iqiniso lokuthi abantu - hhayi ukuba nomphakathi. Bona Biosocial. Isidumbu sakhe singabakaJehova imvelo, futhi kule ndaba, hit ngamunye kuso kuthinta impilo yethu.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo ezengeziwe. Nature Nabantu uxhumana futhi bancintisane esebenzisa ukukhiqizwa nobunjiniyela. Nokho, noma yimuphi nqubo indlela sabele izinto bemvelo umphakathi. Ngakho-ke, lapho kufanele isungulwe ebuhlotsheni obuhle lezi bahlukene ezimbili.

Ngakho, umqondo wegama elithi "imvelo" futhi isiphetho abantu kuhlobene. Yingakho ekukhuleni komphakathi akufanele aphazamise inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo zonke kuyini imvelo womhlaba. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imvelo uhlobo umzimba wezinto yomuntu. Yingakho ukusungulwa ukukhiqizwa, enamandla okubhubhisa imvelo, elimazayo ngakho.

Isidingo izinqubo zobuchwepheshe

Umphakathi wesintu abakwazi balahle ekwakhiweni kwemnotfo. Le nqubo umzimba (amandla nolwazi) phakathi kwabantu nemvelo. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Emvelweni, kukhona omkhulu isikali ngemijikelezo izinto ezihlukahlukene. Man inkimbinkimbi lezi imijikelezo futhi kuwenza ezahlukene izinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu udala into hhayi yendalo. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana izibalo, minyaka yonke, ososayensi kwemiqondo cishe emibili, iyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu akakaze yayikhona chemical compounds. Nokho, izinto ezinjalo, noma cha kufakwe zemvelo umjikelezo izidakamizwa, noma ukungena kukho, kodwa lula.

Ukulondoloza isimiso semvelo

Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe imvelo, okuyinto eminyakeni yamuva Uyinto kwemvelo kungathuthukiswa ngokwakha ukukhiqizwa udoti-DRM. Yini-ke nika? Kulokhu, lo mjikelezo ukukhiqiza ngeke uphinde usetshenziswe izinto ethathwe nemvelo. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ingasetshenziswa Scrap Metal futhi imfucuza yephepha, izihloko ezindala injoloba, ingilazi kanye plastic. into enjalo akuyona kuphela engabizi. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu emvelweni ukuze iplanethi.

Ukuze ezihlukahlukene amabhizinisi non-imfucuza ukukhiqizwa kufanele kuhlanganiswe ukuze imfucuza omunye wabo waba impahla eluhlaza for omunye. Kungenjalo esiwuphefumulayo umoya ongcolile futhi uhlushwa ukuntuleka kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Konke lokhu kuye kungaholela ekwakhiweni izifo eziningi abantu.

izinkinga geopolitical

Izazi eziningi ziye waqaphela yokuthi indawo isimo, okungukuthi omunye izingxenye imvelo womhlaba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze amathemba ukuthuthukiswa yezwe. Kuthinta umphakathi inqubomgomo jikelele (GEOPOLITICS). Sikusho ngani lokhu? kungenziwa ngesisekelo isipiliyoni zomlando, isiphetho ukuthi insimu kwanoma yiliphi ilizwe iwumthombo zamasu. Ngokuya ukubaluleka kuba kwasekuqaleni.

Nge imvelo womhlaba, okungukuthi, kanye izingxenye zalo ezifana amanzi, umoya, umhlaba, njll, ixhunyiwe yonke imisebenzi esibalulekile emphakathini wesintu. Kuyinto nolimi kusukela lezi zinto nemibono yalo engokomoya. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo izizwe eziningi eziningi ezindawo imvelo izici kwakhiwa ku isikhundla onkulunkulu. Futhi kuze kube manje, inkolo uyaqhubeka nokudlala indima enkulu kwezombusazwe esikhathini sanamuhla. Lokhu ikakhulukazi liphinyiselwe Okwesithathu World.

Isizathu sokuthuthukiswa abampofu emazweni amaningi umphakathi wanamuhla ukulandela amasiko enkolo kazwelonke, okuyizinto namanje ezinsukwini ubudala bizela by imvelo ezindawo kwendawo yazo. Lokhu kungase kuchaze ukwehla ukuthi sibonile impucuko ezindala zaseGibhithe naseSiriya Indian. Ngenxa yalo inqubo kuyinto ukusalela ezindaweni idatha kwezombusazwe, ngamasiko nangokwezimali.

kwamaZwe ngaphezu yomthetho indawo bazimisele futhi khona (ukungabi) kwemithombo yemvelo. Ngakho, i-Afrika ine ukubaluleka lwamasu umnotho wembulunga yonke, kanye US izithakazelo geopolitical. The main kwemithombo yemvelo zaleyo nsimu - uwoyela. Le ngxenye imvelo ezindawo inquma kokubili Inqubomgomo namazwe angaphandle kwe-United States.

amazwe kakhulu athuthukile lifinyelele izinga eliphakeme of entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe nezinto zobuchwepheshe. imishini yesimanje ivumela ekusetshenzisweni kakhulu kwemithombo yemvelo ekhona. Leli qiniso kunciphisa ukwencika inkampani kusukela imvelo womhlaba.

Emazweni Okwesithathu World kwenani labantu lidlula ukuthuthukiswa entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe. Yingakho ukuphila umphakathi kula mazwe is kakhulu ehlaselwe imvelo womhlaba. Akumangazi ukuthi izinhlekelele zemvelo emazweni anjalo uphethe inqwaba enkulu ezimpilweni. Lokhu kungenxa ukwehluleka ukwenza ukubikezela esifike Izinhlekelele zemvelo uzobathathela isinyathelo ukunciphisa isibalo izisulu.

Lendlala

Kuze kube manje, umhlaba uye zanqwabelana izinqolobane abalulekile ukudla. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, it ibulawa indlala emhlabeni amahlanu million abantu unyaka ngamunye. Iningi eliphelele abangondlekile bahlala emazweni ase-Afrika, e-Asia naseLatin America. Lokhu amaZwe amazwe, ogama iminotho zinezikhathi umsebenzi wezandla bakudala ubuchwepheshe lasekuqaleni. Isizathu salokhu ezingeni leliphasi iyona ifilosofi laba bantu bahlala uthi. Basaqhubeka ancike imvelo yendawo bendawo kwemithombo.

Indima imvelo umphakathi wabantu namuhla

Kusukela zonke esiphethweni okungenhla kumane kungenziwa iyawakha leyondoda imvelo ungenayo singaba nobuhlobo obunjalo, njengoba ezikhathini ezidlule. Indima uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli in ekukhuleni komphakathi yehlile esigabeni samanje. Lokhu kwenziwa sibonga kunokwenzeka yentuthuko kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi revolution kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ubuhlobo kwezombusazwe, ezomnotho kanye GEOPOLITICS lamazwe ku ukutholakala izidubedube. Ukungabikho lezi kudingeka ukwenziwa komuntu umsebenzi ingxenye amabutho ukucinga kubo kwezinye izindawo, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho izindlela nolaka. Ngaphezu ezindaweni ezibalulekile enabantu zekhwalithi umoya, amanzi kanye nenhlabathi evundile. Lezi amaqiniso abonisa ukuthi indima imvelo ezindawo ekukhuleni komphakathi namanje uhlala omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu. Futhi-non-ukuqashelwa leli qiniso kungaba ibe imbangela yale nhlekelele semvelo.

imvelo Geographical nasezimpilweni zabantu

Isimo imizimba yethu kakhulu ehlaselwe amanzi nokudla. Lezi zingxenye abe izinga ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi indawo yabo. Lokhu kungenxa ukuba khona noma ukungabi kuzo ezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali. Ukudla namanzi eliphansi ezibangela izifo ezithile, okuyinto zenzeka ezindaweni ezithintekile. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu abahlala emaZweni aseBaltic, eFinland, eJalimane, kanye ezindaweni enyakatho ntshonalanga yeRussia, ulahlekelwa element kwamakhemikhali, efana selenium. Lokhu kubangela Ukuwohloka imisipha yenhliziyo nemithambo okuvela isilethikusebenza.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umphumela enempilo ukuthi ine phezu komuntu imvelo eCrimea. Lokhu kungenxa nje kuphela ukuze sezulu evumayo, nokububula zolwandle emoyeni ionization. Iqiniso liwukuthi nenhlabathi eziningi YaseCrimea nhlonhlo lithium. Lo msuka has imiphumela ezuzisayo ohlelweni womuntu sezinzwa, nokususa umthwalo engqondo.

Abantu abahlala ezindaweni lapho nenhlabathi babe cadmium ngokweqile, ngokuvamile bahlushwa yisifo kwezinso. Baye kwanciphisa inani amaprotheni emzimbeni, kukhona komdlavuza kwande.

Uma umzimba womuntu kukhona okuqukethwe lelitfutfukile cadmium kanye nomthofu, leli qiniso kufakazela ubuthi zobuchopho. Ososayensi bathola ukuthi ezindaweni lapho nenhlabathi abampofu ayibe, izinqubo ezimbi ezenzeka emzimbeni kuzo zonke izilwane. Izinkomo ilahlekelwa nto, ulahlekelwe isisindo. Bona ukhothamele degreased uboya ubisi.

Lapho kukhona imvelo kwendawo iodine ukuntula, esinye sezifo ezivamile abantu babe goiter sekuphenduke umkhuba. Lokhu zokugula, esikhundleni salokho, iba imbangela iziyaluyalu nemisebenzi kwama-hormone ngesikhathi indlala yegilo. Isivuno ezivamile eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia Ephakathi, nasemahlathini Belarusian futhi Holland. Izifo ezihlala eyaziwa kwamazinyo ngoba caries futhi fluorosis, ibe imbangela imigqa ephezulu nephansi. Eyokuqala wabo elivela yokuntuleka kokudla namanzi sasekhaya kanye nezinye - ne ngokweqile lapho lesi sakhi.

Nge okuqukethwe lelitfutfukile nickel enhlabathini (Yuzhnyy Ural, Kazakhstan nabanye.) Umuntu has a ukucasuka EPITHELIAL nokulimaza cornea iso. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana molybdenum (Florida, New Zealand, e-Australia) ebangela izinhlekelele ezibangelwa nitrogen umzimba.

A nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu iyona nokungcoliswa imvelo kwendawo yokuhlala. Cha wethu umzimba i-carbon monoxide yigesi eyakheka ngu omlilo akuphelele lamafutha amalahle. "Abahlinzeki" zako ezisemqoka ezisetshenzisiwe uwoyela zokuwuhluza kanye Izigayo steel, kanye ezokuthutha. Man uhlushwa izinsimbi ezisindayo zanqwabelana emigwaqweni. Lezi zihlanganisa phambili, onikeza-hemoglobin zamagama, ubuchopho kanye nezinso. Nickel cadmium kanye neqhaza ukuvela umdlavuza.