Field kwesicelo, futhi izakhiwo ifomula Tungsten

Kuyini tungsten? I izakhiwo eyinhloko element esekelwe izici of yayo isakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali. Banikezwe ukufunwa tungsten kumelwe ngokuphelele ukuqonda isakhiwo yayo.

Isikhundla ku Periodic Table

Uma ucabangela izakhiwo eziyisisekelo tungsten uqale neqiniso lokuthi ke linenani 74th. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, limelela metal inguqulelo kokuba nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka-esiliva. Tungsten kuqinile, has a ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo metallic. Lona isici refractory kakhulu mkhulu lokuncibilika has carbon kuphela. ² 5p ⁶ 5d ⁴ 6s ² , E _ион (Ме => Ме ⁺ + e) = 7,98 э В. ifomula Electronic: KLMN5s ² 5p ^{4 6} 5d 6s ^2, E _ion (Me => Me ⁺ e) = 7,98 e V

Provenance

Igama layo engavamile lokhu sensimbi esiboshelwe wolframite amaminerali. "Wolf Foam" yaziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-16. Leli gama engavamile alichaza khona amaminerali ke tin imikhando. Tungsten uvinjelwe tin aphele, ilihumusha ku Foam kusukela slags. Yiziphi izindawo ngokomzimba of tungsten aba isisekelo yokusetshenziswa kwawo wonke embonini? E-United States lokhu metal ibizwa ngokuthi "itshe elisindayo".

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 Swede Scheele nge nitric acid iphathwa amaminerali scheelite wathola, ethola tungsten trioxide. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, abafowethu bakwazi ukuthola Eliyar tungsten oxide kusukela Saxon wolframite. Kuyinto lezi bamakhemikhali, abanye zihlonzwe izakhiwo amakhemikhali tungsten.

Ukuba nemvelo

Ingabe kukhona uhlobo tungsten okumsulwa? izakhiwo Chemical we metal kusikisela ukuba khona yayo koqweqwe ingxenye enkulu ngesimo compounds. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlanganisela oxides manganese, insimbi, i-tungsten. Ukuze izicelo ezimbonini enkompolo kuyakhethwa ferberite futhi Gyubnera. Zikhona ngaphezu tungsten yensimbi kanye manganese. Izakhiwo of tungsten metal bese uvumele ukwaba of tungsten namaminerali. Kuzo, emakamu ingeqi amaphesenti amabili. Phakathi imali elikhulu tungsten siphawula China, US, Kazakhstan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zigcine ukubonakala nokungokoqobo metal imikhando e-South Korea, Bolivia, i-Russia, Portugal. izakhiwo Excellent ngokomzimba of tungsten lokucabanga ukukhiqizwa yayo emikhulu yezimboni. ukukhiqizwa emhlabeni minyaka yonke ongaba amathani ayinkulungwane 50 element refractory. Ukuthutha eyinhloko tungsten kubhekwa South Korea, China, Austria. Phakathi kwamanye amazwe ka refractory entendeni metal lobuholi kungokwalabo United Kingdom, Japan, I-USA, Germany.

Izici ukukhiqizwa

Ukulungiselela of tungsten Kwenziwa nge isinyathelo Lesisemkhatsini, lokusho ukuhlukana ore CONCENTRATE tungsten trioxide. Ngokulandelayo, wenziwa ukubuyisela metal oluyimpuphu. isinyathelo esinjalo senzeka ezingeni lokushisa mayelana 700 degrees Celsius. Yiziphi izindawo ngokomzimba of tungsten bayinhliziyo lobu buchwepheshe? I okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuncibilika lokushisa kuyivumela nge powder yokusansimbi ngaphansi powder compaction, sintering esimweni hydrogen ezingeni lokushisa mayelana 1300 degrees Celsius. Ngokulandelayo, ngemva etholwe tungsten kagesi sidlulile. Lapho metal ukufuthelana lokushisa 3000 degrees waphawula impahla Monolithic. Esebenzisa zone ukuncibilika Kwenziwa uhlanzekile okwalandela kanye nokulungisa olulodwa-crystal metal.

izakhiwo

Yiziphi izimfanelo tungsten? Chemical izakhiwo esekelwe ukuncibilika okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa yayo. I element has a Valence kusukela 2 ukuya ku-6 esitebeleni kunazo nge valency of tungsten singamakhulu ayisithupha. Metal libhekene ngcono ukumelana ukugqwala. Akukona oxidize emoyeni emazingeni okushisa okuvamile. Ngo tungsten oxide, kuvela kuphela uma izinga lokushisa egoba emhlophe. Esikhathini uchungechunge electrochemical ngezinto igcizelela isici asebenzayo itholakala emva hydrogen, ngakho-ke akuyona oncibilikayo alulaze hydrofluoric futhi acid sulfuric. Tungsten uyakwazi chaza i-hydrogen peroxide, kanye Izingxube acid hydrofluoric futhi nitric.

Ephambi kwezinduna oxidants metal asebenzayo uyakwazi ukusabela nge alkalies esibunjiweyo. Okokuqala, ukusabela okuphuma kunalokho kancane, kodwa emva kokufinyelela lokushisa 400 kwenzeka angesabi ukufudumala sensimbi, okuyinto ngesivinini ukusabela. Tungsten ngengxube hydrofluoric acid nitric acid amafomu geksaftorvolframovuyu. Inani eliphelele asetshenziswe trioxide umkhakha tungsten. Ngo tungstate unekhono ukwakha anion polymeric. Lokhu metal kuyinto ngesisekelo materials refractory e umkhakha yesimanje.

Fields of kwesicelo

Ngingakusebenzisa kanjani tungsten Carbide? Properties of the kwakwakhe esetshenziswa ukuze lihlukaniswe tungsten okumsulwa. Plasticity nezinsimbi refractory niyenzé isisekelo sokuthethelelwa ukudalwa sesigcilikisha e eziningi ukukhanyisa zalapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-tungsten isetshenziswa isithombe amashubhu kanye cleaner amashubhu. Njengoba lesi sici kuyinto high density, sekuwumkhuba base ukwenziwa Alloys esindayo. Ziyakwazi esisemqoka ukudalwa ezilinganisweni futhi udibi ukubhoboza cores, ngesivinini gyroscopes rotors ngoba imicibisholo evuthayo ballistic. I lemiqulu emikhulu tungsten isetshenziswa Welding argon-arc njengenhlangano electrode. Alloys, okuyinto ukubunjwa yayo aqukethe Tungsten, abe okusezingeni eliphezulu ukushisa ukumelana, ukumelana acid, bona amelana zamagciwane lokukhanda. Lezo zici avumela ukuzisebenzisa womshini amathuluzi okuhlinza, zempi amathangi, izinjini izindiza, ukuze ihlanganise iziqukathi izinto radioactive. Lokho tungsten eqakathekileko womshini eliphezulu steel amamaki.

It is lisetshenziswe lokushisa eliphezulu cleaner amaziko njengoba Ukushisa isici. Esimeni yalo ingxubevange nge rhenium thermocouples ukuhlinzekela amaziko ezinjalo.

isiphetho

Yingoba okusezingeni eliphezulu kwabantu tungsten metal kufanelekile Ukuvikelwa ebusweni kusukela ionizing emisebeni. ubulukhuni Ukwandiswa futhi refractoriness metal ukudala izinkinga eziphawulekayo ukucutshungulwa yayo. Ukuze ukuxazulula izinkinga busuka nickel, ithusi nensimbi. Tungsten ukumelana uye wakwenza ethandwa enkulu ekwakhekeni zokwakha kwezobunjiniyela yesimanje.

Kubalulekile yokugaya, igawula, ukuvula, imishini. Ngokwesibonelo, a win yakhiwa tungsten Carbide. Le nhlanganisela lisetshenziswa sokuprakthiza isetshenziselwe ukudala izimbobo ukhonkolo. tungsten sulfide izenzo uwoyela ephezulu lokushisa. Wathi ekukhiqizeni. Ingxenye tungsten compounds esetshenziswa njengoba zombala futhi ekwenyuseni. Sebenzisa lesi kwakwakhe metal futhi njengoba i-elementi alloying ku lezinsimbi futhi Alloys esekelwe yensimbi. Inani eziphilayo we tungsten metal abuzange.