Bill isiqinisekiso. Amafomu kanye nemithetho yokwenza izikweletu

Izibambiso, okuyinto ukukhipha futhi umthetho kwegazi ezilungisiwe exchange ibizwa ngokuthi bill zokwenana. Ukhetho lwakhe - ngokheshi ukwanelisa nesikweletu kuleso umuntu (ie okweletayo) komunye umuntu (ie, umuntu ayemkweleta). Imininingwane kule uhlobo izibambiso kungenzeka idluliselwe kwingxenye yesithathu ngaphandle kokuvuma lomuntu ukubhala, kodwa ku-oda yomnikazi.

Lo mthethosivivinywa yaziwa njengenye owaqalwa izibambiso. He is kuqala, kakhulu ekuseni emhlabeni lezimpahla kwegazi ukuphepha kusuka lapho ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane kwakukhona zonke ezinye izinhlobo izibambiso. Futhi bill salandelwa inothi promissory.

Namuhla, lo mthethosivivinywa kwaba sisasebenza, kodwa endaweni yayo emhlabeni kwamatayitela ezingaphezu kuka nesizotha ukuqhathanisa ngezibopho noma amasheya.

Uyini umehluko

Inothi promissory kuyinto ukuphepha izikweletu khashana juphe - Ukulingana ngokufanele. Unified kubo naleyo ebolekisayo kuphela kunokuba injalo elikhiqizayo noma lezimpahla.

Kusukela izibopho bill ihlukanisa ezinye Ukucaciswa amafomu wangempela ukuba khona kokubili izibambiso:

- insimbi lingasetshenziswa njengoba ithuluzi izibalo kanye izinkokhelo, it is nhlobo ngoba izibopho;

- udaba isibopho kufanele ngempela iqoshwe nguhulumende, ngoba izikweletu ke singanikezwanga;

- isibopho kungase bathengisele inkontileka sokuthengisa, umthethosivivinywa kuphela ku-oda lomuntu ongumnikazi kubo;

- isibopho - iphepha ekushayweni, umthethosivivinywa has a uhlamvu ekhethekile (nakuba zikhona izinhlangano ezinkulu emakethe bill), njll ...

amafomu amabili promissory amanothi

Kuvamise neyaziwayo izinhlobo - elula bill zokwenana.

Okokuqala, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi inothi promissory, kuba isibopho ngokuphelele (noma ngaphandle kwemibandela) ukukhokha izikweletu imali ayemkweleta. Futhi kuphela ngaphansi imibandela ebekwe Bill. Eqinisweni, le lokukhokha komunye oyedwa IOU.

It wakhipha inothi promissory ekupheleni kuthengiselana lezimpahla, ngokungabi bikho umthengi kwakudingeka akhokhe lemali. Kunalokho, wakhipha yokuphepha, okuyinto umdayisi nganoma isikhawu esibekiwe kumele itholakale olushiwo lemali promissory inothi. Lapho kokuphela umnikazi kwenza ukuba umthengi (ie okweletayo) bill uthola imali yakhe. A okweletayo uthola ukulondeka, manje ubhekwa kungacimi. Ikhishwe inothi promissory egameni ayemkweleta.

Lo mthethosivivinywa yesibili, ngokuthi umthethosivivinywa - umyalo okubhekwa ngokuphelele, kusukela umuntu ekhishwe ke, okweletayo yayo ukukhokha isimo lelipelwe e lemali iphepha kumuntu wesithathu (inothi umnikazi). Lokho incwadi exchange idokhumende ebhaliwe equkethe ngokwako ukuze uthumele lemali wathi iqembu ngaphandle.

Okwakushiwo bill kucacile isihloko - ilihumusha esikweletini kusukela komunye umuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, le ekhabetheni (lowo kubhala iphepha) ngesikhathi esifanayo uzibophile kanye ayemkweleta lomunye umuntu. Ngakho-ke, lo mthethosivivinywa ubeka ezidinga okweletayo ukukhokha akulona ikhabethe, kodwa ngqo ayemkweleta.

Izinto ezisemqoka lo mthethosivivinywa yesibambiso

Nanoma yikuphi ukuphepha - ngokuqinile yomqulu ohlelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuklanywa yiluphi uhlobo inothi promissory kukhonjelwe imithetho ekhethekile.

Izinto ezisemqoka inothi promissory:

- promissory amanothi ilebula, ukuthi kuyinkomba yokuthi kuba "inothi promissory";

- isibopho sokubuyisela ethile kuwo + nangayiphi indlela esifanele;

- lemali kukhonjisiwe izibalo kanye ngamagama (izilungiso wenze iphepha uyize);

- isikhathi okuvalwa ngaso inkokhelo yesikweletu;

- indawo umhlangano billholder;

- igama nekheli le-yokukhokha (noma kabani oda uzokwenza izinkokhelo);

- indawo nosuku egcwele ukulungiswa izikweletu;

- isiginesha lokuzula (mathupha kuphela).

Izinto ezisemqoka umthethosivivinywa kuhluke bill uphawu kuphela ( "bill zokwenana"), imfuneko ngokuphelele ukukhokhela lokhu ephepheni ethile, kanye negama lokukhokha komunye oyedwa kanye ukuphi.

Inani lo mthethosivivinywa prop

Futhi ngendlela elula, futhi uMthethosivivinywa isikweleti kukhonjisiwe izibalo futhi amazwi kabili. Endabeni ka ukungafani umthethosivivinywa kubhekwa inikezwe at lemali emazwini. Uma ezingaphezu kweyodwa - empeleni inani ezincane. izidingo zomthetho abavunyelwe ukuba aphule izikweletu zibe izingxenye eziningana noma isikhathi. Ukuze bill neyaziwayo ukuzinikela abstract akakhokhe imali ethile ebekiwe, kungakhathaliseki imbangela Ukukhishwa.

Ivunyelwe ukukhipha umthetho lemali wathi amaphesenti. Zingase zifakwe yokukhokha Imininingwane noma ihlelwe ngokwehlukana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lenzalo izosebenza uma umthethosivivinywa kusungulwa umnqamulajuqu yokukhokha ngokufunwa noma nenkathi ethile isethulo. Kwezinye izimo, ngisho noma izinga bucaciswe, lokukhokha komunye oyedwa unelungelo ukukhokha inzalo.

Ikheli okweletayo negama lakhe

Uma lokukhokha komunye oyedwa bill - inhlangano engokomthetho obhalisiwe ke njengoba zasesiteji Udinga ukucacisa igama eligcwele kanye nekheli zomthetho. Kweleti - komuntu ngamunye, le wabonisa ngokuphelele igama lakhe futhi patronymic, kanye nendawo sokubhalisa futhi ipasipoti idatha. Ukuze uthole inothi promissory ukuthi kwanele. Esikhathini bill ekhabetheni kanye okweletayo - nabantu abahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kulesi iphepha imininingwane, futhi ungeze ikheli lesibili kanye negama lomuntu.

isimo yokukhokha

A promissory inothi esikhishwe okweletayo, ngakho leli phephandaba ukuthi sinquma isibopho sakhe ukukhokha lemali edingekayo.

Idluliselwa promissory amanothi ikhishelwa ayemkweleta lokukhokha komunye oyedwa sika, kodwa isimo ukukhokha izikweletu kumuntu wesithathu - umbolekisi we lokuzula. Ngakho-ke, lo mthethosivivinywa ayiqukethe isibopho kanye imfuneko ukukhokha izikweletu.

Maturities izikweletu

Ngokomthetho bededelwa kanje:

- "ngokufunwa". Okusho ukuthi, ngokushesha nje lapho lo mthethosivivinywa sigcwalisiwe, inkokhelo yenziwa. Lokhu kumele kwenzeke ungakapheli nonyaka kusukela ngosuku okukhishwe ngalo isitatimende bill, uma kungenziwanga ezibekwe ngosuku oluthile. Endabeni ka ukubambezeleka umthethosivivinywa iba ayivumelekile.

- ". Ngo kwenkathi ethile ngemva isethulo" ukukhokhelwa kwesikweletu egcina isikhathi esibekiwe ngemva kosuku wokufaka. Kufanele zigxilé phambi ifomu bill. Lokhu uphawu kwemvume soqobo kubuye izikweletu noma umbhikisho ntambama ukwamukelwa.

- "Ngo kwenkathi ethile ukulungiselela" - ukubuya kwenzeka emva isibalo esithile izinsuku kusukela ngosuku ezilandelwayo Bill.

- "Ngolunye usuku" - ukukhokhelwa kwesikweletu kufanele wentiwe ngosuku ebekiwe ukuphepha.

In the ukungabikho ethemini ye-bill kungenziwa owethulwe yokukhokha ungakapheli unyaka ukusukela ngosuku ukubhaliswa kwaso. Uma iphepha akubonisi usuku nesikhathi yokukhokha ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthethosivivnywa sichithwe.

indawo ukubuyiswa kwemali

Uma sokuvikeleka ezibekwe ngenye indlela, endaweni yokukhokha neyaziwayo indawo okweletayo. Uma umthethosivivinywa kangenanga endaweni yokukhokha bese indawo lomkhokhi, kuba ayivumelekile. Kanye ezindaweni eziningana esibekiwe sokukhokha.

Usuku nendawo lapho iphepha

Indawo okweletayo nendawo yokubhalisa sebhili kungase kungabi efanayo. Nokho, uma esikhundleni ingenalutho promissory amanothi angithi kulotshiwe kuthiwa, iphepha kubhekwa ilotshiwe aphume endaweni ukuthi iseduze igama okweletayo. Uma umthethosivivinywa ayinazo zalezi zindawo noma ayikho nhlobo, isibambiso uyachithwa.

Usuku kulungiselelwa izikweletu - i kuyimfuneko ebalulekile, njengoba kuqala inkathi ukuvuthwa nezibopho ngaphansi bill. Yena kuyothathwa ayivumelekile uma usuku obaluliwe umdwebo ongenangqondo.

isignesha

Ibekwe ngezansi igama eliphelele nendawo okweletayo elingezansi kwesokudla, futhi kuphela ngesandla. Uma idokhumenti lisayinwe engokomthetho ke ngaphezu isignesha yakhe, kudingeka isiginesha induna ezimali, ibhizinisi isitembu. Lo mthethosivivinywa semthethweni kuzobhekwa ngokungabi bikho isignesha / isignesha. Futhi, uma idokhumenti sisayinwe ngumuntu noma lumane ngaphandle ilungelo ngemvume ke.

kuvikela

Futhi elula, nowokuzikhuza iziqondiso bill kusiqinisekisa ezingeziwe wamukele inkokhelo yesibambiso ngokukhipha isiqinisekiso bill (Aval). Ilungiselelwe ngumuntu wesithathu (ngokuvamile ebhange) kokubili lokukhokha komunye oyedwa primary, futhi yiwuphi umsebenzi-zikhundla umthethosivivinywa.

Aval - a umbhalo oqoshiwe ekhethekile ohlangothini front idokhumenti noma isandiso ishidi (allonge). Lithi: engibathandayo ekhishwe sasebhange, usuku kanye nendawo okukhulunywa ngako. Futhi ukubeka isitembu ebhange kanye nesiginesha bamalunga ayo kuqala. "Njengoba Aval" - le nkulumo neyaziwayo zakudala. Kodwa kungenzeka ukusebenzisa yimuphi omunye incazelo efanelekayo.

Yisiboniso ngaphansi bill (yisiboniso) uzathwala ngokuhlanganyela izikweletu isithiyo. Uma iphepha esekhokhe isibambiso, amalungelo okusukela idokhumenti uthola kuye.

Yisiboniso isikhungo sezezimali kuphela angasebenza. Lokho umuntu wemvelo ngisho zomthetho, noma yini kungase ifa solvency, bill isiqinisekiso abangenakukwazi ukukunikeza.

Yini enikeza isibambiso

Kukhona izizathu eziningi, okuyinto musa neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni bill kwegazi kuleli zwe. Nazi ezinye zazo:

- ukungabethembi abantu (wemvelo noma womthetho) elikhiphe umthethosivivinywa;

- kungenzeka ukukhwabanisa;

- ukungabikho ezweni lethu izikweletu ukulungisa kanye accounting uhlelo;

- kungukuthi lelipelwe imithetho neziqondiso zendlela fast ukushaja lemali bill ukuba senqabe ukukhokhela lokukhokha komunye oyedwa eyinhloko (noma ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu), kanye nabanye.

umthetho wethu ubeka bill, phakathi nezinye izibambiso kusimo ephansi, futhi lokhu kusenza sibe yokuthi uma ucabanga nje leli cala ekhabetheni for umonakalo kuyoba owokugcina kulayini.

izinqubo yeKambiso izimangalo ezifanayo zezimali ethathelwe eside kakhulu, futhi iqinisekisa akekho unika lokhu kwakuyoba nomphumela omuhle. Ngakho-ke, ababolekisi bese uzama ngokwengeziwe bazivikele ngokukhipha isibambiso. Kungakhathaliseki ngayiphi injongo ezenziwe ekuphuzeni izikweletu, yisiboniso Uhlanganyela ukuzungeza bill. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungelo, alinganayo nabanye abantu ukuba asayinde.

Ubungozi umamukeli

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa isiqinisekiso bill akukuniki isiqinisekiso eliphelele imali. Ngakho-ke, uma wenza idokhumenti kumelwe ilandelwe eziningi imithetho ehambisana ngqo nensiza. Bavumela ukunciphisa kungenzeka enkingeni esiphansi. Lahla kuzo zonke singenakwenzeka, mhlawumbe, ukuthi kungani lo mthethosivivinywa ubhekwa ukuphepha evame ukuhlaselwa izinhlekelele.

Okokuqala, kudingeka uthintane eliphezulu ummeli owazi zonke ezicashile umthetho bill. Yena uqala ngokubheka ngomklamo wakhe yesibambiso futhi isiqinisekiso. Noma yimuphi ekubhaleni, inkinga noma AMANGA idatha singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela isizathu lapho umenzi enqaba ukukhokha nge kumagama "isici ukuma".

Okwesibili, ummeli ihlola yisiboniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, solvency - awuyona into eyinhloko. Udinga ukuba banake sisekelo wenhlangano (inkampani). Ngezinye izikhathi ngesimo isikhundla esisemthethweni fixed kokuvinjelwa ukuthengiselana ezihlobene isiqinisekiso bill. Futhi uma namanje isiphi isikhulu kwenhlangano (inkampani) usayine umthetho ke Aval umthwalo uwela phezu kwakhe. Nokho, ukusebenzisa kabi igunya bazojeziswa. Kukhona amacala lapho isibambiso ungakwazi kuphela ukunikeza ikhanda lika inkampani, ngisho iPhini lakhe leli lungelo akuyona. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho isiqinisekiso eyanikezwa muntu, futhi lokhu kuhilelani nobunzima obukhulu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yisiboniso uhlale usengozini ngokusayina bill. Phela, inkampani (noma umuntu) ukuthi ikhiphe umthethosivivinywa uhambe bese wenqaba yokuyikhokhela, usekhuluma umthwalo phezu yisiboniso. umthetho Russian kulokhu has njalo washaya phansi ngonyawo. Ngisho uma kunobufakazi ukuthi ikhabethe wayedabuka nokuthukuthela, nobubi, futhi kulindeleke izenzo zabo ukwethula co-Osayinile wakhohlisa, ngisho lokhu awusho kuye kusukela umthwalo. Lokho ukukhokha isikweleti sakhe kusadingeka.

Ukuthengwa promissory amanothi

Le nqubo ubhekwa omunye enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ethandwa phakathi kwezinto ezifanayo zezimali izibambiso emakethe. izikweletu sokuthenga - kuyindlela inzuzo yokukhokha, kodwa futhi kungenzeka imali ophumelelayo akagcini nje.

Income zingakwazi ukukhiqiza okuthiwa izikweletu of exchange rate. Basuke icala lemali izikweletu elicacisiwe Bill. Inzalo promissory amanothi ekhishwe kuphela "ngokufunwa", "on funa kodwa hhayi ngaphambili kunedethi edumile" kanye "ngesikhathi esithile isethulo." Ukubala kwenziwa phakathi naso sonke isikhathi (inani lezinsuku) ukuphepha lokuthola ekhabetheni. Idethi - usuku ezilandelwayo umthethosivivinywa noma inombolo ebekiwe idokhumenti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, the Civil Code icacisa ukuthi ukubala iqala kusukela ngosuku olulandelayo kusukela ngosuku kuchazwe. Futhi Bank of Russia unika le ncazelo: ku ukubekwa langempela sebhili akufakwanga esikhathini balandise promissory inothi isithakazelo.

Idethi kwesikhathi isithakazelo - ukuvuthwa usuku (okufakayo). Ngokwemvelo, isikhathi Inzalo ibalwa, kungase kungabi ezingaphezu kuka kwesikhathi esivumelekile ukuhanjiswa sokuphepha yokukhokha.

Ngoba lowo okhokha isithakazelo umthethosivivinywa, owethulwa ngendlela ethile yokuthola inani lezinsuku ekwelapheni izibambiso ngenyanga. Basuke ibalwa kanje:

- Uma inzalo enqwabelene ngenyanga yokuqala - usuku ekuqaleni kuze kube usuku lokugcina kule nyanga;

- Uma inzalo enqwabelene ekuvuthweni ngenyanga sokuzithoba - ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga samanje ngosuku olushiwo ukuze afake;

- uma kunoma iyiphi enye inyanga - inani lezinsuku ikhalenda.