UMUGQA ujantshi: iziqondiso, aphoyintimenti, izikhombo

представляют собой участки, предоставленные Правительством из специального фонда. UMUGQA nojantshi kukhona iziza olunikezwa Government of the isikhwama esikhethekile. Bathi ume ngaphansi pad w / d lendwangu ngezidingo, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo yokufakelwa, izakhiwo zezimboni kanye nehhovisi, ukufakwa amadivayisi, izinkundla umile. – в федеральной. Zalezi zimpawu kuba sokuhoxisa ecacile Railways strip kabani impahla - Federally. Cabangela izici eningiliziwe ngala iziza.

Izakhi eziyinhloko

Ngaphakathi amasayithi olucutshungulwayo ezibekwe:

1. . azithathwa Avikelayo.
2. Subgrade nge amanzi, ezakhiwe yokufakelwa.
3. Isithwathwa ezicijile.
4. Walling. Bakhonza ukuvimbela yokuphunyuka yezilwane nabantu emakhadini kuwebhu wesitimela.
5. Ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo kanye namadivayisi ezindaweni ephezulu ijubane izitimela.
6. Yezokuvakasha kanye nezinye izakhiwo, izintambo zikagesi kanye nezokuxhumana, nezinye w / e izakhiwo kanye ukufaka.

обозначаются специальными знаками. UMUGQA imingcele imakwe ngezibonakaliso ekhethekile. Basuke efakwe azungezwe elingaphandle:

• Izungezisa sigaba.
• Straight endleleni ubude ngaphakathi 250 m kusuka komunye nomunye, phezu Curves - ne endaweni engaba 600 m noma ngaphezulu - e 1/10 engaba okungenani 600 - 50 m.

Amaphuzu kokuqala futhi ophela Curves umngcele izingxenye fixed izimpawu zomngcele womuntu.

I-oda yokusetshenziswa

Imithetho eyisisekelo wokusebenza emasayithini abelwe laying w / d lendwangu ekwakheni izakhiwo ukukhonza ke, usungula zoMthetho Federal "Ngo sesitimela Isithuthi ku Russian Federation". sihlinzekela bevinjelwe isenzo normative ku:

1. Nokubekwa idlula, emasimini zisetshenziswa oluhlaza kanye nezinye izinto ezingaba ukunciphisa ukubonakala bese udala usongo ukuphepha ezitimeleni ukunyakaza.
2. Ukwakhiwa kanye kuhlaliswa izakhiwo, nokugcinwa imisebenzi yezolimo ezindaweni of amapayipi namanzi amapayipi, amanzi eyanele izakhiwo, nezinye ukuxhumana lobuchwepheshe.

" предписывает: FZ "Ngo sesitimela Isithuthi ku Russian Federation" inikeza:

1. Gwema ekwandeni ukhula kanye nezihlahla kanye ezihlabayo zitshalwe ezindaweni endaweni kufaneleka yokulima. Liphinde sinqatshiwe ekuqongeleleni ihlathi izinsalela, imithi ewile, izingodo ezibolile, zokubasa kanye zokugcoba.
2. от опушки лесного массива противопожарной опашкой. Ukwehlukanisa UMUGQA ujantshi kusukela onqenqemeni opashkoy komlilo wasehlathini. ububanzi kumele kube 3-5 m. UMnyango ungachitha emapheshana amalutshwana. ububanzi kumele kube khona esingaphansi 3 m.

imithetho Special

разрешено по согласованию с владельцем ж/д инфраструктуры. Ufaka izintambo zikagesi, ukuxhumana ubunjiniyela, uwoyela negesi amapayipi, zokuxhumana imigqa kanye nezinye izikhungo komugqa ngaphakathi ujantshi kwesokudla indlela kuvunyelwa isivumelwano nomnikazi we w / e ingqalasizinda. On a okusekelwe ezivumelwaneni angase afakwe ukukhangisa ongaphandle ku ezicijile unomphela, nemithambeka, imigodi, izakhiwo kanye nezinye izinhlaka. umklamo Mountable kumele ihambisane nezidingo komthetho, hhayi ukwakha usongo ukulondeka ukusebenza futhi ukuhamba izitimela.

UMUGQA ujantshi: iziqondiso

Ukunakekela komhlaba kanye kokuqondisa isimo elala abaholi ithimba indlela, w amakhosi / d nezinye abantu abaphethe. ? amamitha Bangaki UMUGQA ujantshi? kwesigaba ububanzi kunqunywa kuye:

• Ukucushwa (cross-section) blade.
• Ubukhulu kwezakhiwo ezenziwe umuntu.
• Isimo sezwe.
• EBukhoneni zezemvelo ethile (iziza esisogwini indawo exhaphozini ngezizathu buthakathaka izikhukhula ku kwenhlabathi, ezonini ye kumiswa gullies, Iqhwa nokunye).
• , защитных сооружений от песчаных/снежных заносов. Isidingo indawo sesikhashana, ukuvikela izakhiwo kusukela emigodini isihlabathi / iqhwa.
• Inani labantu base-ndawo.

Ngakho, lo jantshi komkhawulokudonsa sokuhoxisa (ngamamitha) ngoba ngesiduli ukuphakama 1 m at eyehlelayo transversely ukuze:

• 1:25 - 24;
• 1:10 - 21;
• 1: 5 - 23.

Lezi nemingcele zisebenze kuwebhu 1, 2, 3 izigaba design.

izici ezengeziwe

Uma kuhlelelwa izakhiwo ezintsha w / d, kuhlanganise izinto komugqa . Yokukhulisa imigwaqo ekhona, ukukhiqizwa izindawo, nemizana nezinye izindawo ku ezolimo ziyabhekelelwa:

1. Izindleko komhlaba.
2. Isilinganiso sentela.

Uma sinquma ukwabiweni komhlaba ujantshi ezokuthutha kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukonga izindawo esiphezulu yokulima. Ukubekwa w / ingqalasizinda d e ephezulu ukubaluleka izindawo uvunyelwe ezimweni ezehlukile. Lezindawo zifaka ezindaweni akhanywa futhi ekuniseleni, olimekayo umhlaba iziza matasa zisetshenziswa izitshalo nezithelo umvini, nokunye. Esikhathini ezehlukile amacala pad w / izindwangu d ezindaweni ezivikelwe nge zomlando namasiko, ukungcebeleka, ukuzilibazisa value.

Ukukhetha Imithetho isikhala

должна находиться на территории несельскохозяйственного назначения или непригодной для ведения с/х деятельности. UMUGQA ujantshi kumele kube endaweni ngezinjongo okungezona ezolimo noma ongafanele ukwenza ibhizinisi ne imisebenzi / wezolimo. Ivunyelwe w / d ingqalasizinda e ngezizathu ampofu izinga, kokuba ecabanga ngabo, futhi uma nentuthuko yabo idinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile zobunjiniyela. Facilities kufanele zakhiwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni engamboziwe ihlathi. Kungaba ukusika, ezivulekile, amahlathi kwaphela, ashiswe. ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe komhlaba elalihlala ongaphakeme ukubaluleka izitshalo nezihlahla. Amandla imigqa, zokuxhumana imigqa, nokunye ukuxhumana ukuthi uhambe ngalé strip, ezibekwe eceleni kwemigwaqo, imingcele, kwezitshalo izindawo.

iphrojekthi Umcabango

, должен подтверждаться тщательными техническими и экономическими расчетами, доказывающими целесообразность использования территории. Kukhethwa amasayithi ukwakhiwa kanye nokusebenza w ezokuthutha / d, ukufakwa esishintshashintshayo nokuvikeleka, kufanele sigcizelelwe izibalo obuphelele lobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho, okufakazela zibheke ekusebenziseni zensimu. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe izinto ezahlukene ongazikhetha indawo yabo kungenzeka uma sicabangela ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo ndawo. Ziyabhekelelwa:

• Ukukhokhela ukuthengwa komhlaba.
• Inani lentela.
• Isinxephezelo silahlekelwe yomkhiqizo wezolimo elihlobene ne ukuhoxiswa zindawo.
• Izindleko inani lemali elincane izinyathelo kwemvelo.

ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana

Land buyisela izikhungo kanye namabhizinisi w / d ezokuthutha ebolekiswe. Izinhlangano ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana enikeziwe kwesabelo ezidingekayo:

• Ngoba inkathi nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo emisha.
• Ukuze futhi kabusha ingqalasizinda eziqhutshwa ukuze ihlanganise amasayithi ukwakhiwa, zvenosborochnyh futhi ngomshini lezisekelo, imigodi engajulile, izinto zokwakha emafektri, imigwaqo, izakhiwo ukhululekile ezobuchwepheshe, ukufaka ahlukahlukene, iphrojekthi ezithile.

ngokwenelisayo izindawo zolimo, ihlathi lesabelwe ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana, ekupheleni ethemini ukuqasha kukhonjiswa ngesimo ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwabo ohlosiwe.

Indwangu ku izigaba

Ububanzi izindawo abelwe ukwakhiwa lendwangu, uzimisele okusekelwe imithetho design ezibekwe idokhumenti zokulawula "M / d kwezingu- 1520 mm." можно увидеть, что насыпи сооружены из разных материалов. Uma uqhathanisa izithombe ojantshi, singabona ukuthi ngesiduli esakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Njengoba nabo, isibonelo, ukwenza ubumba, idwala vyvetrivayuschiesya, nobumba indawo inhlabathi izithasiselo, daka, nedreniruyuschie, Sands esihle. Uma esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni yashayisa unqenqema nkinga isihlabathi, futhi indawo slabovyvetrivayuschiesya kwenziwa (isihlabathi ukugcwaliswa) ingxenye ububanzi zingancishiswa 1 m.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

, ширина участка, по которому проходит полотно, различается. Njengoba ungase ubone isithombe ojantshi, ububanzi engxenyeni lapho kuwebhu sihamba, kuyahlukahluka. Ngakho, lapho ibeka w / d 1 2 futhi Cat. ezindaweni abangekho kwezolimo noma ezindaweni lapho ayifanele siqhuba / x imisebenzi okungenzeka ucacise ububanzi enkulu kunemicebo ejwayelekile 4 m. Lokhu kuyadingeka yedivayisi kamuva ezengeziwe (wesibili) dlela. Lapho obeka w / d 1 2 futhi Cat. ensimini noma ezindaweni zezolimo yesikhwama ehlathini wesakhiwo Russian Federation ububanzi extra labelwe ezonini evikelwe. Ngaphakathi kuwo kungavunyelwe ukwakhiwa capital izakhiwo kanye ukufika izitshalo zisetshenziswa. Ububanzi izingxenye isethwe ngokushesha ngaphansi endleleni 2 w / d 1 2 futhi Cat. Akhiwe kude, ukujula zazo ingaphezu 6 m, kanye nenhlabathi ezinamadwala, emifuleni izibopho, kungakhathaliseki ukuphakama sendawo, futhi emagqumeni emaweni.

umklamo Izici

Ububanzi izingxenye zabelwe UMUGQA kuchazwe kule phrojekthi, futhi uma we kude kunangendlela ukuphakama ibhanela izindunduma ukujula, ukulungiselelwa web lihlukile transverse (ejwayelekile) amaphrofayli. A Ukubusa efanayo kusebenza esimweni lapho Indawo inamagquma noma sezintaba, nenhlabathi ababuthakathaka futhi amanga phansi ngesiduli kanye ngaphansi kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile. Ububanzi ezindaweni ezabelwe indawo Imidwebo izigaba, kunqunywa kumadokhumenti design endaweni:

1. Lapho ka ekhosombeni ukujula ukuphakama indunduma ezingaphezu kuka 12 m.
2. Lapho steepness ka emthambekeni ukuthi lihlukile imingcele ejwayelekile.
3. Lapho indawo ngesiduli ku eyehlelayo steeper kuka-1: 5 futhi kude ku eyehlelayo steeper kuka 1: 3. Uma kuwukuzikhohlisa zitholakala kwi kumhambela engazinzile emagqumeni, ingxenye ububanzi kunqunywa kuncike steepness.
4. Lapho bewela Ugcwalise / Ugcwalise izindunduma isihlungi kuhlanganise emathafeni uzamcolo, imihosha ejulile, amachibi ezincane.
5. Ngokuhlela yashayisa unqenqema emhlabathini ababuthakathaka kanye ukwakhiwa ne-margin yayo ku pellet.
6. Lapho ekhosombeni kudivayisi kabani ukujula mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 2 m, enhlabathini clayey, daka esekhuhla emihle, bystrovyvetrivayuschihsya nenhlabathi onamadwala.
7. Ngokuhlela yashayisa unqenqema ku sezwe izimbuku emhlabathini wamanziswa ngamazolo okukhiphayo ukhiye.
8. Lapho obeka Indwangu ezindaweni yentuthuko (kuhlanganise kungenzeka) talus, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze, imigede, mudflows, placers itshe, kwalasha, emihosheni.
9. Uma idivayisi kude overmoistening phansi futhi yamanzi autopsied.
10. Uma kuhlelelwa ekhosombeni futhi embankments jetting indlela.
11. Lapho ikhaba idivayisi eyiqhwa endaweni zokuzamazama komhlaba, endaweni lapho Sands ezihambayo zivamile.
12. Uma kuhlelelwa kude kuqhuma ejection.
13. Uma idivayisi amaqoqo enezingxenye izingqimba inzika noma ehlukile yamadwala igneous ngaphansi ummango ubheke indlela, imali engaphezu kuka-1: 3.

I-bandwidth kungaba azimisele besebenzisa uhlelo lwekhompyutha uyakucabangela ukucushwa kwe-web, nesimo sendawo futhi izimo zemvelo, futhi izinkinga zomnotho.

Inqubo sokunquma kwemigomo iphrojekthi

Ububanzi izindawo abekelwe indawo lewebhu besandla, kunqunywa esekelwe lezimo eziningana kanye nemithetho. Ikakhulukazi:

1. Uma ufuna ukwenza i-layout zigcine ukwakhiwa embankments, kufanele lumiswe kuze kube sohlangothini entabeni. Lemisebenti, kanye nokulahlwa ukuthuthukiswa Cavaliers Uvunyelwe ezindaweni komhlaba abangekho kwezolimo noma ezindaweni lapho ayifanele ukwenza ibhizinisi ne imisebenzi / wezolimo.
2. Uma idivayisi izindunduma okusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabathini eyehlelayo encane engu- (1:10) izinqolobane kuvunyelwe indawo nhlangothi zombili. ukujula yabo futhi ububanzi yakhelwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo enhlabathini yokwakha nokunakekela amanzi.

izikhombo

izenzo normative zikhona izimpawu zomgwaqo ezehlukene. Bonke angaqoqwa amaqembu 2: eziyisisekelo futhi ekhethekile. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa:

• Kilometre okuthunyelwe.
• Uklonoukazateli.
• Picket amakholomu.

Izinhlamvu ezikhethekile abhekwa izinkomba:

• Imingcele UMUGQA.
• Ultimate yamanzi futhi igagasi ukuphakama.
• I-axis izakhiwo umgibeli.
• On izakhiwo komugqa.
• izakhiwo Hidden kwewebhu.
• inombolo imicibisholo.
• Zokubekisa.

F / Indlela yokusetshenziswa angekho esidlangalaleni

umthetho Lezi izinto ziwumthwalo izidingo ezikhethekile. Ikakhulu, i-design isimo amayunithi futhi izakhiwo etholakala kulezi izindlela kumele athobele SNIP futhi ahlinzeke pass izitimela nge umthwalo kuvunyelwe izitimela esetshenziselwa nokugcinwa ingqalasizinda. Ukuze kujantshi elilodwa zingalo isitifiketi angekho esidlangalaleni yokubhalisa, uhlelo, longitudinal iphrofayela imidwebo kanye netintfo. Junction abuyiselwe, ezakhiwe noma ukwakhiwa entsha Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho eyasungulwa kaHulumeni. Inqubo evunywe Resolution №233. Ngokwe Imithetho, ukuze Abut kabusha, ezakhiwe noma abuyiselwe w / e izindlela ezikhona emigwaqeni yomphakathi, kufanele uthole imvume. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umnikazi into iba Roszheldor. Lesi sakhiwo egunyazwe ukuthatha izinqumo ezindabeni eziphathelene emkhakheni wokwakha ujantshi kanye nokusebenza w / d lezinto, ngesisekelo amandla zokuhlola ezasungulwa izenzo normative we RF.