Skull womuntu

Amathambo Skull zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni isitho womuntu obaluleke kakhulu - ubuchopho. Basuke ihlukaniswe abhanqiwe futhi ayibhangqiwe. Bakha umgodi lapho itholakala ubuchopho, izinhlaka umbono, ibhalansi, ukuzwa, ukunambitha, ukuhogela. Amathambo ezisebusweni base Yekhanda, zinemigodi ukuthi zidlule izinzwa ebuchosheni Umthambo ihlolwe.

Skull has 2 izigaba: ngaphambili (liqukethe amathambo 15) kanye nobuchopho (sakhiwa 8 amathambo). Ngaphambili ehhovisi isisekelo ithambo bomuntu, izingxenye kokuqala kwemigudu yokuphefumula kokudla. Lezi amathambo Yekhanda zitholakala ngaphansi umnyango ingqondo. It ithatha ingxenye enkulu apharathasi ukuhlafuna okubandakanya i engenhla (umusi bone) kanye umhlathi ongezansi (ayibhangqiwe). I ongenhla yakha enethiwekhi odongeni, ulwanga kanzima, ohlangothini ezindongeni ingaphakathi kanye orifice acinene. Kusukela yayo "umzimba" ehlukana elandelayo izinqubo: i zygomatic, frontal, alveolar, palatal. Umhlathi ongezansi - kuphela ithambo ezithathekayo Yekhanda, lelo, kanye ithambo yesikhashana ehilelekile kumiswa emalungeni temporomandibular. Uneziqu umzimba lwalugobile, enikezwe alveoli ngoba amazinyo, inqubo ngokuhlanganyela kanye coronoid (basuke enamathiselwe imisipha masseter).

Small amathambo ebusweni Yekhanda: umbhangqwana - LasePalatine, acinene, echibini ephansi, zygomatic, lacrimal; ayibhangqiwe - ngikwazi ukuqala futhi sublingual. Bayingxenye adluliselwa ngomlomo kanye izimbotshana acinene, kanye nezinyawo. Futhi zibandakanya lwalugobile lwaleli ithambo hyoid nge spikes (aphansi nophondo engenhla).

umnyango ubuchopho abadala siqukethe occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, parietal namathambo yesikhashana. Imidiyeni ithambo frontal wakha udonga engenhla nezinyawo, kanye phambi ingxenye ikhadi palsy. It has a ekhaleni nezingxenye esemkhathini izikali engaphelele kanye frontal itheku.

Ithambo occipital we ephansi kwesigaba occipital Yekhanda. Kuyinto ingxenye eyinhloko esikalini occipital futhi mass lateral. Cuneiform ithambo sise base Yekhanda. It has simise eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi siqukethe umzimba kokuba ezintathu amathambo abhanqiwe. umzimba wakhe itheku sphenoid.

ithambo Ethmoid ayibhangqiwe. Kuyinto ingxenye acinene umgodi futhi udonga enethiwekhi. It has a enezingqimba igridi ungcwecwe ngengxube izimbobo; ipuleti perpendicular esasihlukanisa ekhaleni ingaphakathi 2; labyrinths ngehele kanye engenhla conchae phakathi, akha ngalo ingaphakathi acinene.

Ithambo parietal ikamelo umusi. It yakha elingenhla ohlangothini izingxenye egumbini cranial. Ngo ukuma kufana unxande ipuleti, ngilugweda ngaphakathi kanye convex ngaphandle.

Ithambo yesikhashana Yekhanda umbhangqwana zinengxenye kumiswa joint emhlathini. Bona ukuhlukanisa mbhoshongo, zibe maholoholo futhi sigubhu izingxenye. On side yabo evele babe ukuvuleka meatus sokuzwa. Temporal mathambo ayindlu lwangena eziningana iziteshi, okuyinto ekuhambeni ngegazi izitsha nezinzwa.

Ngesikhathi cranial ahlukaniswe engxenyeni engenhla (esifakwe ophahleni lwendlu noma egumbini) kanye ephansi (isizinda Yekhanda). Arch ithambo zixhunywe ezivuzayo fibrotic okuqhubekayo lezisekelo yakha synchondrosises (kwakwakhe cartilaginous). Frontal, occipital futhi parietal amathambo uxhumeke kwi-emalungeni toothed namathambo esifundeni ebusweni abe ezivuzayo flat nobunye. Ithambo yesikhashana ne sphenoid futhi parietal exhunywe zibe maholoholo umphetho. Njengoba bekhula, compounds uqwanga esikhundleni ithambo izicubu namathambo eduze aphulukise.

Womoya skull ithambo zehluke abanye ukuthi banayo izimbotshana zazo uphahlwe nolwelwesi lwamafinyila nomoya zapolnenya. Lezi zihlanganisa engaphelele, tapered, ethmoid amathambo engenhla emhlathini.