Amazon - emfuleni uhlelo elikhulu emhlabeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho woMfula i-Amazon

Amazon ingenye emifuleni esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umfula yayo umcengezi - omunye dengwane kakhulu emhlabeni. In the Amazon zisekhona izindawo lapho unyawo lomuntu neze wangenela esisodwa. Kulesi sihloko uzothola emfushane nencazelo emfuleni i-Amazon, kanye ufunde mayelana amazinga ayisisekelo nentuthuko yezomnotho.

UMfula i-Amazon: isici incazelo (dlala)

I eziphawuleka kakhulu indawo yemvelo yaseNingizimu Melika, Yiqiniso, uMfula i-Amazon. Le ndawo yokubhukuda ka lo mfula enkulukazi emhlabeni - abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-7,2 km ^2. Le ndawo, egcwele okuthiwa "amabala amhlophe", okuthiwa ngegama elilodwa - Amazon. Yiqiniso, hola kahle, Amazon ngo-2011, ngathola uhlu izimangaliso zemvelo eziyisikhombisa kule planethi yethu.

indawo Amazon lihlukaniswe phakathi kwamazwe eziyisishiyagalombili: Brazil (65%), Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana neVenezuela. Amazon emfuleni uhlelo itholakala zindawo enkabazwe kanye subequatorial, nomfula ngokwawo ogeleza usuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, okuyinto uthululela e-Atlantic Ocean, ukwakha delta enkulukazi. Usayizi delta ifaniswe ngobukhulu ne izwe laseYurophu, Bulgaria!

Amazon emfuleni uhlelo sibonga imvula amaningi kahle athuthukile. Isendleleni emfuleni uthola nemingenela eminingi, enkulu kunazo zonke okuyizinto emfuleni juruá, iMadeira, Topazhos, Tokantis, Isaya kanye Rio Negro.

Esikalini kohlelo emfuleni kungenziwa kukalwa izinkomba ezifana ukugeleza isilinganiso. Ukuze Amazon kuba ngaphezu 7000 km ³ yamanzi (okuyinto cishe ilingana u-15% emfuleni ukugeleza iplanethi).

Amazon kuyinto imikhumbi for 4.300 amakhilomitha komfula. Emathekwini main emfuleni - ke Santarem, Obidus, Iquitos, Manaus.

I isimanga ukutholakala ososayensi nikwenzile ngo-2011. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphansi Amazon siphela esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni emfuleni komhlaba, amakhilomitha amane ubude. Wakhe okuthiwa Hamza sohlobo lwe-Indian ngegama owaqamba wathola emfuleni isimangaliso.

Iningi ehlathini lase-Amazon ugajwe. Lena-ecosystem semvelo esiyingqayizivele, ehlanganisa imvula ezimanzi. Ukuze jungle libhekene nomswakama eliphezulu kakhulu, isitshalo okusezingeni eliphezulu zinhlobo ukwehluka, amaxhaphozi okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi omuncu, nenhlabathi abampofu kakhulu. Kuyinto izindawo ezifana ne-South American UMfula i-Amazon notshwala.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho lomfula - kuyini namuhla? Futhi Amazon yingcweti umuntu kuwo wonke umlando? Lokhu Kuzoxoxwa.

Amazon: ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho komfula

Amazon evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amaphaphu oluhlaza" planethi. Kusho ukuthuthukiswa esifundeni futhi ngasiphi ileveli kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho namuhla Amazon?

Imizamo yokuqala ukuthuthukisa esifundeni uhlaziyo Brazil. Ngokuvamile, kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zomlando yaphawula ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho woMfula i-Amazon.

Isinyathelo sokuqala kusengathiwa "iraba". Yaqala ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka futhi waqhubeka kwaze kwaba-yalolucwaningo 20 kwekhulu XX, lapho "iraba boom" kuleli zwekazi zabhuntsha. Nakuba iraba ngokuqiniseka isesikhundleni yesibili kule nokwakheka nokuthengiswa yaseBrazil (emva ikhofi).

Isigaba yentuthuko Amazon kwesibili kwaqala ngo 60s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili futhi esikalini ezahlukene futhi ehlelekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho ase-Amazon ngalesi sikhathi is ngokuphelele kulawulwa isimo, ngisho iphrojekthi ngokwayo lethiwa "Ukusebenza-Amazon". Lalihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa oluphelele yezolimo esifundeni, ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ikoloni mass zensimu.

Isigaba sesithathu yentuthuko Amazon iqala 80s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. It kungenziwa ngokuthi "amaminerali ezinsiza". Phakathi nale nkathi ngasezinkwalini umcengezi evulekile kanye nezimboni ukubhekisiswa izinto zokusetshenziswa, uqala ukuthuthukisa uwoyela Amasimu.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo yase-Amazon

Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho ase-Amazon ayikwazanga kodwa kuhilelani izinkinga ezithile zemvelo. I kunazo ukuphokophela phakathi kwabo kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

• nokucekelwa kanye ukuguguleka komhlabathi;
• engalawuliwe ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi ;
• ukubhujiswa zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kwehlathi Brazilian;
• inhlabathi kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ngu izinsimbi ezisindayo, njll

Noma kunjalo, zonke lezi zinkinga zihlobene kakhulu futhi zidinga indlela edidiyelayo isixazululo yabo.

Ekuphetheni

UMfula i-Amazon uhlelo oluthatha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 amakhilomitha square insimu, kokuba emfuleni omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho namuhla Amazon akuyona omkhulu kangaka, kodwa ngisho thonya womuntu awuwona yini ongelutho kuphakamisa eziningi ngokucindezela izinkinga zemvelo.