Gora (ubuzwe): Esikhathini Esidlule Nanamuhla

Wake wezwa abantu ngokuthi "Gurans"? "Ubuzwe? Yini isizwe? "- cishe ucabanga. Leli gama lathathwa ulimi Buryat. Ngakho Bayibiza inyamazane yeduna. AmaMongol, Evenki, Kalmyks nezinye izizwe ngokuthi Altai lezi zilwane ngomusa njengelithi "guru". Ngakho lokhu abantu, okuyinto neze ubani uyazi?

indaba

Ngokuqinisekile, akukho namunye ongasho ngokuqondile lapho Trans-iBaikal esifundeni, e-Altai Territory, nabahloli bamazwe wokuqala Russian. Kodwa kunento eyodwa eqinisekile: kwaba isikhathi eside kakhulu, bese ayelapho abantu ngokuthi "Gurans". Ubuzwe, lokhu kwaba umphumela ezihlukahlukene ukulalana kwezihlobo. Ngemva Russian lokuqala abathuthela kule ndawo ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-nesikhombisa, waqala ukuphila nabantu bomdabu, okungukuthi, Evenki kanye Buryats, kancane kancane ezimfundisweni nabo, wazama ukulandela amasiko abo kanye namasiko - in a zwi, bathatha ngodlí i-izakhi isiko kanye nokuphila Altai. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe ungakhohlwa ngolimi lwabo futhi qinani ubunikazi Slavic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiko kwabo nasendleleni yabo yokuphila, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kube kokubili izici Russian futhi Buryat-Eveno.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abokufika Russian alethwe izimpilo izakhamuzi Transbaikalia izici ezintsha esivela indlela Slavic zokuphila namasiko, efana nezolimo, ukwakhiwa ezisemadolobheni, njll Ngakho, kulezi zingxenye waqala ukwakha uhlobo olusha abantu wegazi okuxubile - .. Góra, ogama ubuzwe kwaba kunzima ukunquma. Kwakumelwe ukuxuba izinhlanga ezimbili - Mongoloid futhi European, kanye esizukulwaneni sesine.

umsuka

Ngokusho zemihla ngemihla, kakade ekhulwini le-18 Gurans babehlala lapha. Ubuzwe (umlando emhlabeni wonke kuwubufakazi baleli) ayizange yokutholwa ngokusemthethweni. Kuyinto, kunalokho, iqembu yobuhlanga. Ngezinye izikhathi igama elithi "Guran" livele isiteketiso abantu okhokho kwakungekaNkulunkulu izinhlanga ezahlukene kanye nabantu, phakathi kwazo Buryats, amaMongol, Evenki, Manchus futhi, yebo, Russian. Kodwa kungani leli qembu yobuhlanga seyaziwa ngokuthi ngakho hhayi ngenye nje?

Trans-iBaikal Cossacks babenzelwa ngokwakho ebusika izigqoko lowesilisa Roe izinyamazane ezinoboya, okuyinto abantu bomdabu ngokuthi guranami. Nokho, bahamba izimpondo, ukuze ukuzingela, ukungena izilwane beshushiswa edukisayo. Njengoba wazi, kulezi zingxenye ebusika made, ngakho Cossacks egqoka lezi zigqoko isikhathi eside. Baqala uzwelane Roe.

Ngobani Gurans - ubuzwe noma uhlanga?

Ngokuphathelene nale nkinga kudzimate kube ngunyalo impikiswano. Ngokusho kwenye ithiyori, by hybridization noma interpenetration ka ezehlukene eziningi kungenzeka hhayi kuphela ukunyamalala ubudala, kodwa futhi ukuvela iqembu elisha yobuhlanga. Yiqiniso, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungenzeka, kodwa esifundeni Trans-iBaikal ekahle le nqubo. Ngakho ngenxa nokuhlanganiswa yalezi zizwe njengoba Buryat, Evenki kanye isiRashiya, uhlobo olusha abantu bendawo, engesiyo ofuze owokuqala, noma wesibili, noma yesithathu. Futhi akulona yini ubufakazi bokuthi Gurans - ubuzwe (bheka isithombe esihlokweni)? Noma kunjalo, ezweni "I-Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia" ulwazi mayelana nabantu abanjalo lapho. Guran (ubuzwe) is eyabizwa ngokuthi hlobo lwabantu bendawo, ngokusekelwe eqenjini ezintathu yobuhlanga: i Buryat, Evenkiyskiy futhi Russian. By the way, incazelo yaleli gama ngezinye izikhathi ubuyisela izwi Zabaikalets.

Indaba kwenzakaleni Khabarov

Kunenye nganekwane umsuka ubuzwe inikezwe. Ngolunye usuku ngasekupheleni kuka-ubusika isihambi Russian nomhloli wamazwe Erofey Khabarov badabula iBaikal. Njalo wayegade isihlibhi ne echazayo phambi kulandelana. Bese kuthi-ke indlela Bamnquma inyamazane asheshe ezinezinyawo, kulandele nokujaha ezinye ndoda engajwayelekile okuncane noboya izingubo. Khabarov coachman wabuza: ngubani? Futhi wayecabanga ukuthi inkosi yayo ayicabangayo ukusebenzisa ngaphambi isilwane, wathi ke Guran.

incazelo

Ngo Izinganekwane bendawo, ungathola enemininingwane incazelo Gurans abamele iqembu yobuhlanga. ubuzwe babo buyini, nakuba ingekho ohlwini passport, kodwa njengoba bohlanga yobuhlanga ukukhuluma izici. Okokuqala, bangathola angayithandi. Ababona ngeze, futhi unothando, banomoya Cossack enamandla. Ngokuqondene izici luyingxenye zangaphandle, amehlo abo poluraskosye, cheekbones engasithola amaMongol, futhi umbala iso kungaba elikhanyayo ngisho okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhumba sabo izinwele ezimnyama futhi ikakhulukazi abamnyama. By endleleni, abantu abaxubile like wamaNdiya aseMelika. Ngelilodwa nje, ngizibuka exotic kakhulu, nge predominance izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi uhlanga Mongoloid. Ngaphandle kwalokho, guranov imisipha athuthukiswe kahle, zingabantu nezimo futhi ngokuphelele bale karate. Ngaleso sikhathi, abameleli leli qembu yobuhlanga bavikela imingcele eSiberia phakathi kuka kuphangwa lezizwe angomakhelwane - amaShayina futhi amaMongol.

Gurans: ubuzwe, yesimanjemanje

Kusukela amazwi ngokwabo bale isizwe, manje cishe walondoloza emasikweni oyise, abahlala neTrans-iBaikal esifundeni. Babona ngokwabo njengoba abangaphezu kuka-Russian, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi igazi ageleza kuyo Guran. Abameleli lesi sizwe emasikweni amaningi, tinganekwane izindaba ngokuphila wawoyise. Ngokutadisha kubo, uyazi ukuthi nga is attribute them isiko Russian kunzima. Buryat noma Evenkiyskiy (Tunguska) kubuye cishe lingekho. Ngokusekelwe lokhu, siyazi ukuthi lo ngempela abantu ehlukene, nezici ezikhethekile esivela kuwo. Kodwa ethnographer Russian Nikolai Yadrintsev wacabanga Gurans - akuyona uhlanga, kodwa elikhethekile elithi "uhlobo zesifunda" svoeystvennymi izici zakhe isici.

A ingxube igazi emhlophe nephuzi

Yiqiniso, kuba inhlanganisela izinhlanga. Mongoloid, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i ophuzi nabaseYurophu, ngaphakathi spite of shades ezahlukene isikhumba, kubhekwa emhlophe. Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi guranami yasekuqaleni wabiza labo abantu ababengena eJerusalema bevela ukuxuba Cossacks Russian futhi abalimi kusukela Tungus. Kamuva lo gama enamathiselwe ubani izimpawu njenge Caucasoid (omhlophe) kanye Mongoloid (Mongoloid) uhlanga. Nokho, lesi akusona mestizo abavamile, okungukuthi labo uzalela uphawu izizukulwane.

Dyrovery - Transbaikalia unembeza!

Njengoba sekushiwo, ukwenza Gurans cabanga ngokwami Russian ezingaphezu kuka Buryats noma Tungus, kodwa kuyathakazelisa ukwazi lolukholo kabalalo abathi lilinganise, kulokho noma ubani ukuba bakholwe. Ngo Transbaikalia emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kukhona amahlelo amaningi obuKristu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bedalwa hhayi zenkolo eziphikisana ngazo, wasukuma angesabi. Nokho, ezinye zazo kungase kubonakale kithi zasendle. Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi Gurans dyroverami. Ayengakhulekeli izithonjana, futhi imigodi, zikwenze uzitshele ukuthi, ubhekisisa yonke ngokusebenzisa lezi izimbobo, bathola amandla. Lezi amakholwa zingaxhumani kwabanye, ukushada bodwa kuphela, kukhona olukhuni, ukuphila injabulo. Yayikwazi ukugcina igazi labo, amasiko.