Isihambi Russian Habarov Erofey Pavlovich biography ukuvulwa

Erofey Khabarov, Biography iDemo iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi, baba neqhaza elikhulu ukunwetshwa ensimini wezwe. Isiphelo sakhe futhi ukuphila athumba ukunyakaza empumalanga isimo. Cabangela lokho akwenza nesizathu eminye kanjani Habarov Erofey Pavlovich, owavula le ndoda, ukuthi impumelelo wenza umlando.

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo

Izingxabano ngakho kugcinwe isikhathi eside. Izindawo eziyinhloko lokuzalwa wabhekisela edolobhaneni Svyatitsa Votlozhemskoy lesifunda, ngafike Kurtseva Dmitrieva. Eyokuqala kubhekwa ukhetho ezifanele kakhulu. Umbhali kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela ukuthi wazalwa ngo Habarov Erofey Dmitriev, kwaba Usosayensi othile Belov Leningrad. Watadisha eziningi imibhalo, esekelwe okuyinto, futhi hypothesized. Njengoba sesifunde kwazalelwa emzaneni Dmitrieva (njengamanje ikhona Nyuksensky District), usosayensi akazange acabangele yokuthi le ndawo, akazange asifake isicelo njengakuqala division zokuphatha kanye indawo ukuze Votlozhemskoy lesifunda.

Erofey Khabarov: Biography emfushane

Usomabhizinisi Ikusasa kanye isihambi waba ngumlimi. Erofey Khabarov (iminyaka yokuphila nokufa 1603-1671) washiya umndeni wakhe kanye nokulima sasivumela emikhulu, futhi ngemva kwezinye ngempela echumayo kubalimi khulula Vologda, abazingeli kanye abadobi Primorye, ngifuna adventure kanye nengcebo Cossacks kusukela uDon iVolga, salibangisa Stone Belt. Bonke laba bantu babefuna ehlathini onqenqemeni kuya imifula Eastern eSiberia. Ngakho, lo mhloli wamazwe Russian Erofey Khabarov wafika ngo-1628, unyaka kuya Yenisei. Lapha it is kunalokho ngokushesha kahle nsimu, laqala ukwenza umkhuba ukulima olimekayo, waqala zokuhweba. Esikhathini esithile Habarov Erofei ngakhonza Yeniseysk. Made uhambo oluya Taimyr futhi Mangazeya, nomfowabo Nikifor wayefuna abuyele emndenini wakubo, ngaphansi Ustyug Omkhulu. Kodwa kunalokho, baphindela eSiberia. Baya emhlambini Ustyug futhi Vologda abokufika. Abantu bashushiswa ngomthetho wenkosi nge Dvinskikh abesifazane. Lesi sakamuva ayehloselwe unkosikazi Yelena futhi Yenisei Musketeers. Khabarov Erofei engazange asungule ukunakekela eSiberia. Kepha waba nenhlanhla kakhulu ekuhwebeni. Ngokushesha waba engusomabhizinisi ocebile. Uma phakathi kwabantu kwakukhona amahemuhemu ngengcebo phezu lomfula Yelena wabuthanisa squad wathola izimpahla ezidingekayo Treasury waya endaweni entsha.

ejele

Phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokuqala eyisikhombisa Khabarov Erofei bazulazula eduze nemingenela lomfula. Waphenduka esinye ababehileleke ekuhwebeni noboya. Ngo 1639 th wafike wama emlonyeni Kuta. Kusukela phansi echibini, itholakala khona, futhi abashaya okhiye elincane usawoti. Lapha nembongolo Habarov Erofei, owahlwanyela umhlaba, eyakhelwe imithombo Varnita. ubuchwepheshe Simple kasawoti wafunda okuningi ekhaya - e Totma, Ustyug nosawoti Vychegodskaya. Ngokushesha lapho lakhiwa ukuhweba kasawoti, isinkwa kanye nezinye izimpahla. Entwasahlobo ka-1641 Khabarov Erofei iyiswe umlomo Kirenga. Lapha naye waqala epulazini, okuyinto ngokushesha ukunwetshwa. Ngolunye usuku, waboleka squad Golovin 3 THS. Amathani okusanhlamvu. Nokho, lo mbusi, hhayi kuphela awabuyelanga lokho wathatha, kodwa ngokushesha wasusa Yerofei sonke isinkwa, usawoti imisebenzi etandleni lesitsha somnikelo kakhulu Khabarova bakhalelwa amasongo kasigonyela. Phinda nenkululeko usomabhizinisi wakwazi kuphela 1645-th ngonyaka. Nokho, lokho akwenza umcwaningi Russian Erofey Pavlovich Habarov into yesikhathi esidlule.

Ukushaywa Dauria

Ngo-1648, unyaka ukuba esikhundleni Golovin weza Frantsbekov. Ngesikhathi lwalumumethe Poyarkova uhambo e Dauria. Nokho, contact nabantu bendawo akuphumelelanga kakhulu. Khabarov wayazi ngakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ayesenolwazi esuka kubantu ezahlukene mayelana nokuziphatha, ingcebo Dauria. Erofey Khabarov wafingqa ulwazi olutholakala Frantsbekovu. Wayenethemba lokuthi lo mbusi omusha ngeke miss ithuba ukuceba. Ngakho uhambo Yerofei Khabarova e Dauria. izimali zakho, wayengazange ayiqinise, kodwa isihambi isivele eyaziwa kahle izinduna amasiko. Frantsbekov ayedumisa izikhali embuso (a izibhamu ambalwa ngokukhethekile), kanye nezempi kanye namathuluzi wezolimo. Kusukela siqu izimali izimantshi (ngenzalo), bonke abahlanganyeli wathola umkhankaso imali. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba emfuleni, wathatha Frantsbekov ukuvusela yakut nezimboni. Voivod uthathile kuzo, futhi isinkwa in inqwaba lanele ukukunikeza isilinganiso 70 we Cossacks, esasibuthene e Habarov squad.

Ukunqamula

Khabarov, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi akukho emthethweni impango nokuhuheka! Impango nokuhuheka izimantshi kungaholela inhlokomo ngesikhathi esifushane wachitha kubutsela waphuma Yakutsk. Ekwindla ka-1649, unyaka iqembu lakhe uhamba zenyusa imifula Yelena futhi Olekma Tungiro emlonyeni. Phakathi frost uhambo wenza stop. Ngo-January 1650 i-lamabutho lokuqala waqhubekela nesihlibhi wathola Tungiro eningizimu. Ukuba iqhubezela ku Olemkinskom Stanovik entwasahlobo amadoda azelula Urki. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ziyohlala lapha esiteshini sesitimela futhi isiphetho (ukuthi ubizwa ngokuthi i-Erofey Khabarov).

ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba

Daur, ukufunda mayelana lamabutho wasondela, washesha ukushiya nemizana yayo. Ngakho habarovtsy sangena lokuqala ebiyelweyo kahle, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi kakade edolobheni elingenalutho Duke ebhentshini. Lapha Cossacks wabona izindlu ezinkulu bright izingodo. Kwakukhona angamakhulu amaningana. Amawindi ububanzi yezindlu zambozwa iphepha ezinamafutha akahle. Ngamunye wabo bangaphila abantu 50 noma ngaphezulu. Kwakukhona kahle ehlanganiswa imigodi emikhulu. Kwakumelwe amasheya zokusanhlamvu. Into elandelayo, owawungumnyaka Erofey Khabarov - Amur. Endleleni, iqembu lamabutho wangena amadolobha efanayo ezingenalutho kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-omunye emizaneni Cossacks wathola owesifazane. Kwaholela ekubeni Khabarov. Uthe ngakolunye uhlangothi lomfula iyizwe acebile kakhulu futhi ezingaphezu kuka Dauria. It Kwakungubani umbusi onamandla owayengumlutha ibutho ngezibhamu nezinye izikhali. Izwe mayelana yena wathi, kwaba Manchuria.

umkhankaso omusha

Ngo "edolobheni Levkavom" Khabarov kwesokunxele Cossacks mayelana 50. Ngo-1650-m ekupheleni May, wabuyela Yakutsk. Njengoba emkhankasweni, eKhabarovsk kwaba Dahuria umdvwebo. Leli khadi futhi uthole umlando wohambo lwakhe kamuva zafinyelela eMoscow. Le ndawo Umdwebo isibe omunye imithombo ukhiye elisetshenziswa ukudalwa amakhadi eSiberia ngekhulu le-17. Ngo Yakutsk Khabarov futhi wamemezela yokwemukela party, ekhuluma yonke indawo yakwa-ingcebo enkulu Dauria phansi. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho ngaba abantu 110. Frantsbekov elalimbelesele kubo 27 "servitors" abantu futhi enikeziwe ihlukane ka kwaqhuma ezintathu. Ukuwa 1650 Khabarov wabuyela lase-Amur.

imikhankaso nolaka

iyunithi yayifuna iqiniso, yathola ezindongeni inqaba Albazin. Cossacks wazama umbelesele ke. Daur, ngibona lamabutho entsha, babaleka. Kodwa Russian bebabambile ayethunjwe iziboshwa eziningi. Khabarov wenza Albazin enkambini yalo. Ukusuka lapho ehlaselwa emizaneni daurskie esiseduze, wahamba iziboshwa. Phakathi labayisibambiso abaningi kwakungabantu besifazane. Cossack yabo oluhlukaniswe phakathi kwabo.

weqembu lemikhumbi

Ngo-June 1651 ngowokuqala baqala ukugudla kanye lase-Amur. Isikhathi sokuqala Cossacks wabona kuphela dengwane futhi zishiswe abakhileyo nemizana amancane. Nokho, ngemva kwezinsukwana Khabarova weqembu lemikhumbi besondela kuleli dolobha kahle enezivikelo eziqinile. Phakathi kwezindonga zayo zokuzivikela okulungiselelwe isikaniso elimhlophe-naped. Ngenxa inganono kokudubula Cossacks bawuthatha umuzi. Ngemva bamba amasonto amaningana lamabutho wema edolobheni. Khabarov wathumela izithunywa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ukuze athonye isikhulu Daurian ngokuzithandela uye ngaphansi kokubusa Russian Tsar sihloniphe. Kodwa bendawo ngaleso izifundo nesikhathi Manchuria. isikhulu Daurian wabona akukho mqondo e ekhokha intela kwabase omunye umbusi. Weqembu lemikhumbi Khabarova, ekuthumbeni amahhashi, waqhubekela phambili. Cossacks ephinde ehlangana Amasimu uncompressed nasemizaneni washiywa. Ngokusho kwemithombo, ngo-August, ngezansana nje kwenqaba umlomo lo Zeya River Russian lamabutho ngaphandle ukumelana wathatha inqaba, azungeza edolobhaneni eliseduze futhi ziphoqelelwe bendawo ukuba aqaphele ilungelo lokuba izakhamuzi inkosi. Khabarov kulindeleke ukuthola intela enkulu, kodwa sakwazi ukuletha sables ambalwa athunjwa, ethembisa ukuthi ekwindla uzokhokha intela ngokuphelele. Phakathi Cossacks futhi Daur esungulwe ubudlelwane ezibonakala elinokuthula. Nokho, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa abendawo nemikhaya yabo ziphonswe ekhaya washiya. Khabarov eziphendula inqaba eshile baqhubeka mashi bakhe phansi lase-Amur. Kusukela emlonyeni Bureya waqala ezindaweni owakhiwe gogulyami. Kwaba lifana nabantu Manchus. Imizana bahlakazeka kanye bendawo akakwazanga ukumelana kuya Cossacks, abafika ogwini, futhi ebabamba inkunzi. Kwathiwa ngokushesha bambamba Pashennoye duchers, abake wabhubhisa ingxenye squad ahlanganyela emkhankasweni Poyarkova. Khabarova abantu babe uhlome, futhi babebaningi kakhulu.

Nanai isiphetho

Ekupheleni kuka-September, bafinyelela emasimini amasha futhi sima zokuhlala ezinkulu. Half of the Cossacks Khabarov wathumela izinhlanzi uya ngenhla nomfula. Nanai nge duchers bakusebenzisa lokhu, ohlaselwayo ingxenye esikwatini. Nokho, abantu bendawo bahlulwa futhi walahlekelwa zabulala abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu abantu sebebhapathiziwe, bona ahlehla. Khabarov yena, waqinisa isiphetho wahlala khona ubusika. Kusuka lapho Cossacks atheleka emizaneni yakuleyo ndawo futhi ukuqoqa iminikelo. Entwasahlobo ka-1652 behlaselwa elikhulu (cishe 1000 abantu) Manchurian lamabutho. Kodwa abahlaseli anqotshwa. Khabarov wayazi ukuthi amabutho akhe eziningi ngeke ukwazi ukuba liyobamba lonke izwe. emfuleni Uma incibilikiswa, yasishiya redoubt salibangisa komfula.

squad yokuhlukanisa

Ngo-June, ngenhla nje esizalweni somfula. Songhua Khabarov wahlangana lamabutho asizayo Russian. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, waqhubeka ashona, njengoba ngafunda ukuthi Manchus abuthana ngokumelene naye ibutho 6000th. Ekuqaleni kuka-August, Khabarov wema ngasemnyango esizalweni somfula. Zeya. Kukhona ingxenye yeqembu "abantu amashushu" ehlubuka ashaqa imikhumbi emithathu wagijima. Ukuhambisa kanye lase-Amur, baphanga futhi wabulala Nanai, daurov futhi duchers. Ngakho Bafika ngomkhumbi ezweni Gilyak wafaka eqoqweni ejele inkokhiso. Nokho Khabarov wayengadingi izimbangi. Ngo-September, efika kuleli jele futhi emsebenzini kuye. yisizwe esidlubulundayo wathembisa sokunikela, uma bephila, futhi ungawususi inyamazane yawo. Khabarov akwenza lokhu ingxenye kuphela. On oda lakhe, amambuka zishaywa (abanye ekufeni), futhi impango, washiya yena.

lesibili ebusika

Khabarov wakhe wachitha Gilyak umhlaba. By 1653rd entwasahlobo wabuyela umlomo Zeya, e Dauria. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo yena Cossack bentanta phezulu naphansi eduze yasak Amur eziqoqiwe. Ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni phakathi awunalutho. Iziphathimandla Manchuria ngaphambilini izakhamizi ukuthuthela esandleni sokudla. Tsar Russian ngesikhathi ithumela ibutho labantu ayizinkulungwane 3, okuyinto yayalwa Lobanov-Rostovsky. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba retinue yenkosi efika Ambassador Zinoviev. Waletha Khabarov futhi abanye abahlanganyeli ku imiklomelo mkhankaso. Ndawonye nale Zinovev ataman ikhishiwe ukusuka esinye isiqondiso. Lapho Khabarov wenqaba Ambassador bayishaya waya eMoscow. Endleleni, Zinoviev wathimba konke okwakungokwakhe.

Ngemva komhlangano nenkosi

Alexis wayefuna ukubona Khabarova. Wamnika lokumamukela ezinhle, Zinoviev ngaphambilini ukubuyela zonke impahla Ataman. Khabarov inkosi yayiwavumele isihloko "indodana boyars." UMbusi wammisa umabhalane nemizana ensimini ka eMfuleni Yelena kuya Ilima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Khabarov wathola imizi eminingana e-Eastern eSiberia. Nokho, inkosi, ngokwazi isikhulu nesihluku ukuze bomdabu, wamenqabela ukuba babuyele ezweni ongakasetshenzwa. UMbusi wayezazisa umnikelo ezenziwe ukunwetshwa wezwe indawo Habarov Erofey Pavlovich - wavula futhi yingcweti lo muntu ukuthi isikhathi kuyingxenye isimo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nesilinganiso omkhulu yasungulwa eMpumalanga Ekude. isikhungo yayo zokuphatha libizwa eKhabarovsk. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu okuye kwashiwo esiteshini sesitimela, lapho ebizwa ngegama lowo muntu. Kumele ukuthi le ndawo ikhona namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama isikhulu esibizwa emadolobhaneni ezimbalwa ezincane, ezitaladini emadolobheni ahlukene yezwe.

indawo yokungcwaba

Akwaziwa. Njengoba imithombo ithi, iminyaka yakhe yokugcina Khabarov owawuse-Ust-Kirenga. Manje ubizwa ngokuthi emzini Kirensk (esifundeni sase-Irkutsk.). Ngakho-ke, umuzwa okwandile ukuthi esikhundleni sokufa engumHivi khona. Kodwa ngokusho kweminye imithombo, Khabarova ethuneni esejele eBratsk (eBratsk, e-Irkutsk esifundeni okufanayo.).

lesikhumbuzo

It isethwe mumbe eKhabarovsk (sokuqondisa se esifundeni) ku forecourt. Ukuqopha, kuthathwe njengesisekelo lesikhumbuzo sidalwe Milchina. Isikhumbuzo Erofeyu Habarovu esungulwe ngo-May 29 th 1958 isinqumo ukudala lesikhumbuzo kwathatha iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi engu-100 kwasungulwa i-dolobha. Umsebenzi ku ebaziwe waqala ngo-1950. Wayengumngane encane futhi embukisweni Zonke-Union Exhibition of Art. Lapho umbuzo lesikhumbuzo Khabarov, ukuthi lokhu ebaziwe lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela isisekelo. Njengoba okufanako, okuthile kungaba kungeke kuxoxwe. Imithombo Awunawo izithombe, izincazelo noma Khabarova ukubukeka. Umsebenzi ku lesikhumbuzo wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-February ngonyaka 1958. Ngaleso sikhathi, saqala ukusakaza usimende isikhunta izakhi ngazinye lesikhumbuzo. udini eyaqedwa maphakathi no-March. izinto Iphele athunyelwa eMoscow (e Mytishchi) ukuze Foundry kwezobuciko. Itshe lesikhumbuzo libonisa Khabarova ukukhuphuka idwala. Kubuka Amur wanikezwa isandla sakhe sobunxele wachaza ukuthi uqhuba umqulu, futhi ilungelo silondoloze amajazi phansi, washelela kusukela emahlombe akhe. On the phambi isinyathelo kukhona umbhalo "Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov." Ukuphakama izibalo - 4.5 m, ukuphakama Imininingwane nge isinyathelo - 11.5. Ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo senziwa 2 izinsuku ngaphambi Century City.