Tower Bridge eLondon: incazelo, umlando, izici futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ibhuloho Tower Bridge ingenye amakhadi ibhizinisi yaseLondon futhi UK sisonke belingana ne Buckingham Palace futhi isondo "London Eye" Ferris. isakhiwo Ubudala uphasisiwe eyikhulu. Nokho, leli bhuloho namanje uyathandeka, ephapheme futhi ezithakazelisayo emphakathini, kanye umsebenzi oncomekayo nge umsebenzi yayo yasekuqaleni.

Indawo kwebhuloho

Tower Bridge eLondon (Tower Bridge ngesiNgisi) ngokuvamile kudidaniswe London, esemgwaqweni kancane ngenhla ukusakaza. Ngaphandle, lezi zakhiwo ezimbili baqiniseka hhayi efanayo, kodwa ngenxa yendawo yabo kukhona ukudideka. Empeleni, ngaleso Ukhulumé kwebhuloho kuqala impela kancane ukuba sizindle igama lakhe, futhi yonke azocaca. Tower ke ubizwa ngokuthi ngenxa yokuthi itholakala eduze ngokushesha zezitsha ngebhange enyakatho iThames, iTower of London. Esikhathini isithombe ngezansi ungabona London Bridge.

Indawo uhlela: 51 ° 30'20 "nge. w. 0 ° 04'30 "W. d. Tower Bridge kuyinto indawo enkulu. Kusukela amafasitela enkulu igalari yakhe ukubukwa ebabazekayo yedolobha nge phezulu liyabonakala ngokuthi "ikhukhamba" nokwakha I Shard. Kuvulwe amehlo akhe ukuba ohlangothini olungasempumalanga, ungabona Greenwich Observatory futhi Amachweba St Catherine.

Tower Bridge: Incazelo

Ibhuloho kuyinto Ibhuloho eliphakanyiswayo elingena futhi ilenga ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ubude bayo 244 m ububanzi esiphezulu (ngaleso span central) ifinyelela 61 m. Ingxenye imidiyeni kwebhuloho sehlukaniswe amaphiko ephakamisa ezimbili, ngayinye yaba ukala ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane amathani. Ukuze ukudlula imikhumbi ekhuphuka iThames, bangakwazi bavuswe i-engela 83 degrees. Ngezinye izisekelo Lesisemkhatsini ibhuloho efakwe umbhoshongo 65 m. On ezingeni phezulu kwabo ukuxhuma amathrekhi ezimbili. Ziklanyelwe ukuba simelane ovundlile ukungezwani amabutho ukuthi ukudala ingxenye okwesikhashana kwaleli bhuloho Tower Bridge ezweni. Ngaphansi kwesithombe senqaba umbhoshongo ngamunye wethu wahambisa ligijima imishini.

Lamanje umbala scheme kwebhuloho (blue and white) wamukelwa ngonyaka 2010. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, yena awuzange ushintshe kusukela ngo-1977, lapho udumo wejubili nezesiliva uQueen Elizabeth II design ababethi ezintathu imibala: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu nomhlophe.

Emphemeni of kwebhuloho livulekele womgwaqo, kanye nabahamba ngezinyawo. Nokho, imibhoshongo angamawele, amathrekhi ezingeni eliphezulu kanye amakamelo injini kwenkathi uVictoria ayingxenye Tower Bridge Sikhungo. Ukuvakashela kulawa masayithi kungenzeka nge amathikithi.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ingxenye yekhulu le-19 yesibili kwaphawulwa ukuthuthukiswa esifundeni kanye ukwanda kwe-East End. Abahamba ngezinyawo traffic Equestrian anda izikhathi eziningana mayelana nalo wavuthwa inhlangano kwendlela yokuwela uMfula iThames kuya empumalanga yeLondon Bridge. Ngo-1870, ngaphansi Umhubhe emfuleni sabekwa Tower Subway. Njengoba ehamba emgodini, wakhonza esifushane futhi ekugcineni zaqala ukusetshenziswa kuphela abahamba ngezinyawo. Manje itholakala amanzi main. Ngakho, lo mhubhe awuzixazululanga inkinga, ngakho ngo-1876 ikomiti ekhethekile ngaphansi kobuholi Mnumzane A.D.Altmana, okuye kwadingeka sithole indlela ukweqa umfula yasungulwa.

IKomiti yamemezela umncintiswano, okuyinto baletha ndawonye amaphrojekthi ezingaphezu kuka-50. Owinile kwamenyezelwa ngo-1884, kodwa-ke wanquma ukwakha ibhuloho Tower Bridge (English - Tower Bridge). Ukwakhiwa kwawo ogunyazwe uMtsetfo wePhalamende e 1885. Yena kuchazwe usayizi kwebhuloho, kanye nesitayela design - Gothic.

Ukwakha kwebhuloho

Ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho, yaqanjwa Tower waqala ngo-1886 futhi yathatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, sathatha iqhaza inqubo osonkontileka amakhulu amahlanu: D. Jackson, uBaron Armstrong, uWilliam Webster, uH Bartlett futhi W. Arorol. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa zabantu 432 babe nesifiso sokuthandana. Imali ephelele yale kwebhuloho ngesikhathi baba izinkulungwane 1184. Amakhilogremu. Ukwakhiwa wathatha engaphezu kwengu-11 eziyinkulungwane. Amathani steel.

ukuvulwa ngokusemthethweni Ibhuloho Tower Bridge senzeka ngo-June 30, 1894 Ngezinye emcimbini owawuhanjelwe inkosi yase-Wales (Ngokuzayo eKing Edward VII) nomkakhe Alexandra waseDenmark.

Kakade eminyakeni yokuqala ukusebenza kwawo zokuhamba ephakathi kwalezi zakhiwo kwaleli bhuloho bazuza idumela ezimbi njengendawo yokukhosela ngoba pickpockets nokuthengisa ngemizimba. Njengoba kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa abahamba ngezinyawo abavamile, ivalwe ngo-1910 I igalari asanda kuvulwa kuphela ngo-1982 Namuhla isetshenziswa njengendlela yesikhulumi wokubuka kanye Museum.

Umfutholuketshezi Ibhuloho System

Tower Bridge, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, has a ndima emaphakathi, lahlukaniswa ephakamisa iphiko. Ziphuma i-engela 83 degrees. Siyabonga uhlangothi ukuze kube nokulingana ukuthi ukunciphisa umzamo, ibhuloho kungenziwa buhlanjululwe ngomzuzu owodwa nje. Span eliqhutshwa uhlelo wokubacindezela. It wadalwa eyisidalwa amanzi nge amandla ingcindezi yokusebenza 50 ibha. Amanzi akhishwa izinjini ezimbili umusi, okuyinto abe umthamo isamba 360 amalitha. Lolu hlelo ithuthukiswe Hamilton Randall Owen.

indlela umfutholuketshezi futhi uhlelo igesi ukukhanyisa wamiswa uWilliam Sugg & Co Ltd, a owaziwa at Westminster. Amathoshi kwakhanya kusuka ekuqaleni evulekile igesi izitofu ngaphakathi kubo. Kamuva, uhlelo olusha ukuze izibani yesimanje incandescent.

Uhlelo wokubacindezela ibuyekeziwe ngokugcwele kuze 1974. Uphiko kuphela okungukuthi lisasebenza namuhla igiya lokugcina. Basuke kulawulwa nenjini yesimanje wokubacindezela nge amagiya lapho uwoyela isetshenziswa esikhundleni amanzi. izindlela Original ziye kancane agcinwe. kungukuthi asetshenziswa manje ivulekele umphakathi, uhlinzeka isisekelo Museum, okuyinto has a ibhuloho e-London Tower Bridge.

sesimanje kwebhuloho

Ngo-1974, kwaqala umsebenzi esikhundleni indlela aphelelwe yisikhathi sokuqala ukushayela ohlelweni electrohydraulic. Ngo-2000, uhlelo kukhompyutha yesimanje ifakiwe ukukhulisa futhi aphansi isekela elawulwa kude. Kodwa empeleni, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi zazingeke zisebenze kahle, futhi ngenxa yalokho ibhuloho ngokuphindaphindiwe washaya sikhundla evulekile noma avaliwe, ngesikhathi 2005 awazange indawo izinzwa zalo.

Ngo 2008-2012. Ibhuloho usebhekene facelift noma, njengoba lalibizwa kanjalo emaphephandabeni, "facelift". Inqubo wathatha iminyaka emine futhi zibiza £ 4 million. upende ekhona ku isakhiwo iye kusulwe phansi metal elingenalutho. Ukuze izinsalela zayo musa ukuwela uMfula iThames, esigabeni ngasinye ibhuloho imbozwe emahlathini plastic ifilimu. Umklamo ukuthi ababethi okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli bhuloho uye wazuza ukukhanyisa nomklamo omusha.

ukuphathwa kwebhuloho

Ukuze balawule ngemphumelelo nokulawula emfuleni ibhuloho ukunyakaza, wasebenzisa uchungechunge imithetho kanye amasignali. Esikhathini ukulawula emini kwenziwa ngosizo a semaphore elibomvu, okuyinto efakwe sihlale encane nhlangothi zombili kulezi zinsika ibhuloho. Ebusuku, izibani ezinemibala yasetshenziswa: ezimbili abomvu - ukudlula ivaliwe futhi ezimbili oluhlaza - kwebhuloho ivuliwe. Ngo izibani sezulu antu lake ephelezelwa gong.

Edlula ebhulohweni inkantolo, futhi, saba ukubonisa amasignali ezithile. Ntambama kwaba ibhola omnyama ngenhloso ububanzi okungenani 0,61 amamitha, setha ezingeni ukuphakama kufinyeleleke iso. Ebusuku isendaweni eyodwa ovuthayo izibani ezibomvu. Ngo sezulu antu lake edingekayo amasignali amaningi umusi ikhwela umkhumbi.

Ingxenye imishini mkhosi iyagcinwa futhi manje, it is amelwe Museum.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ibhuloho ezingaphezu kuka iminyaka eyikhulu, it is a ethakazelisayo endaweni sibonga izivakashi zayo eziningi ingakafundiseki ukugeleza enkulu traffic. Nsuku zonke it kweqa ezingaphezu kuka-40 eziyinkulungwane. Abantu (abahamba ngezinyawo, Abahamba abashayeli). Ukuze sigcine ubuqotho kwesakhiwo, kukhona ijubane ikhambo kuleli bhuloho - bengekho ngaphezu kwama-32 km / h - futhi bathuthe isisindo - amathani akukho kuka-18.

Ezikhathini zangaphambili, ibhuloho wavulwa nsukuzonke futhi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Manje, ukuze kudlule ngaphansi kwabo, kufanele waziswe amahora 24 kusengaphambili. isikhathi Opening yashicilelwa ku-website esemthethweni. Izikhangibavakashi khulula.

Igama kwebhuloho futhi ukubonakala kwawo ujwayelene emhlabeni wonke, ngakho avame ukusetshenziswa ngezinjongo zokukhangisa. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhungo eziningi zemfundo abizwa ngokuthi Tower Bridge. Ikakhulu, i-Moscow isikhungo yentengiso nokutadisha okunzulu esiNgisi. Ukuze unombono mayelana isikhungo, funda izibuyekezo mayelana esikoleni i- "Tower Bridge School" kwesokunxele abafundi bakhe kanye nabazali babo.

ukuphendula uMphakathi ku kwebhuloho

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwebhuloho Tower Bridge, ngaphandle lapho abakhona London yesimanje akunakwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, pretty okuningi wagxeka. Wabizwa okuphambene bezdelnichestva, falsification futhi pretension. umculi British nomklami Frank Brangwyn wawuthi ngaphezulu isakhiwo kungazwakali akukaze lwakhiwe phezu kwemifula osendaweni ezibalulekile.

Njengoba isikhathi sasiqhubeka, ushintshe indlela umphakathi ozibheka ngayo leli bhuloho. Manje is obonwa ezikhangayo enhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe. Isazi-mlando futhi connoisseur bokwakha Dan Cruickshank akhethiwe kuye njengoba omunye izindawo ezine, okuyinto zichazwe ifilimu yakhe "Izakhiwo engcono Enkulu YaseBrithani."