Imithi yamasiko - izici kanye nezibonelo

Umuntu, ngesigaba esithile sokuthuthukiswa kwakhe, waqala ukulungisa isimo sakhe kuye. Waqala ukwehlisa izilwane zasendle ezingamzuzisa. Ngendlela efanayo, imithi yamasiko, izihlahla, utshani kanye nohlaza kwavela. Kulesi sihloko, sizobukeza umlando wokuvela nezici zezitshalo ezitshalwe, ikakhulukazi kwezihlahla.

Izitshalo ezitshalwe - yikuphi?

Kuyinto yesiko ukubiza lezo zitshalo ezitshalwa ngabantu nganoma yiziphi izinhloso ezithile. Lokhu kungaba ukuthola ukudla, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimboni, izidakamizwa noma ukudla kwezilwane. Izitshalo ezinjalo zibizwa nangokuthi izitshalo zezolimo. Phakathi kwabo, izihlahla zemikhiqizo ziqokonyiswe, okuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Zonke izitshalo ezitshalwe zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana. Ngokuyinhloko, zikhona:

• Izitshalo zommbila;
• Ubhontshisi;
• Ukukhiqiza ushukela;
• Okuqukethe isitashi;
• Ukuthwala amafutha;
• Izihlahla zezithelo (izihlahla zamasiko ziyingxenye yalolu qembu);
• Imifino kanye ne-melon;
• I-Tonic ne-narcotic.

Ukutadisha izici kanye nemvelaphi yezitshalo ezitshalisiwe kuhilela abaososayensi abanjengoN.I. Vavilov, E.V. Wulf, G.I. I-Tanfiliev, i-V.L. Komarov nabanye.

Umlando omncane

Ngenye indlela, futhi okhokho bamasiko yizitshalo zasendle. Ngosizo lwezinto zokuzalanisa, ososayensi bakwazi ukufeza izivuno eziphakeme kubo, futhi ngokusebenzisa ukondla baqala ukukhula futhi bathele izithelo ezintsha, ezingavamile ngokwabo izimo.

VII millennium BC - yisikhathi lapho ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kwamasiko kwaqala. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho izitshalo zamasiko zokuqala ziqala ukuvela - izihlahla, amahlathi kanye nohlaza.

Uma uthinta endabeni ye geography, kuvela ukuthi izinqubo zokulima izitshalo zomuntu ngokufanayo zenzeka ngokuhluke ngokuphelele, ezikude komunye nomunye, izindawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqhuma kanye nezinhlelo zezintaba zebhanti elishisayo nezasemhlabeni - i- Atlas Mountains, i- Caucasus, i-Andes, i-Armenia ne-Abyssinian Highlands, yaba yindawo yokuvela kwezitshalo eziningi ezitshalwe.

Kungani? Iqiniso liwukuthi lezi zindawo zihlukaniswa nezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezicacile:

• Ukuvikelwa kwemithambeka emimoyeni ebandayo;
• Izici ezihlukahlukene zemvelo nezesimo sezulu (ngenxa yezindawo eziphakeme eziphezulu);
• Inqwaba yokushisa nokukhanya kwelanga;
• Ukutholakala kwemithombo engapheli yamanzi.

Usosayensi odumile uN.I. I-Vavilov ema-20-30-yekhulu leminyaka lama-20 yaveza izindawo eziyisikhombisa ezivela emvelweni: E-East Asia, South Asia, eNingizimu-West Asia, eMedithera, eMelika Ephakathi, eNingizimu neMelika naseTopiya.

Izihlahla nezici zazo

Imithi yamasiko, indlela eyodwa noma enye, ivela ezitshalweni zasendle. Nokho, zingahluka kakhulu kubo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye zezihlahla ziye zashintsha ukubukeka kwazo kangangokuthi kakade kunzima kakhulu ukubona ukuthi zenzeke kubo.

Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo ukuthi izinhlobo zamasiko azikho izindawo zazo zokwabiwa kwemvelo.

Umuthi wamasiko wuhlelo olulodwa olulodwa oluphilayo oluqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ezihlobene eduze nokuxhumana:

• Ngaphezulu (isiqu nomqhele);
• Ngaphansi komhlaba (uhlelo lwempande).

Izihlahla ezihlakulelwe: izibonelo

Zonke izihlahla zamasiko zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili:

1. Ukuhlobisa - kusetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlelwa kwemvelo kanye nokudala amapaki, izingadi, izikwele (lezi yizigodi, ama-acacias, thuja, ama-chestnuts, umlotha, ama-plane, njll.).
2. Izithelo - zikhulile ukukhiqiza izithelo nokukhiqiza ukudla (lokhu yi-apula, i-pear, i-peach, i-cherry, i-plum, i-quince, i-apricot nabanye).

Umuthi we-Apple ungumuthi wezihlahla ezivela emndenini wePertiki, owaziwa yizithelo zawo ezimnandi nezomuncu zohlobo oluzungezayo. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-10 000 zalesi sihlahla! Iningi lazo libhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zekhaya le-Apple tree. Kukholelwa ukuthi indawo yokuzalwa ye-apula ehlwanyelwe yizintaba ze-Alatau, enyakatho yeKyrgyzstan yanamuhla. Ukusuka lapho wathuthela eYurophu, lapho isikhungo sokubeletha kwakhe kwakuyiGrisi lasendulo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi e-Kievan Rus, ngaphansi kweJaroslav the Wise, isithelo sensimu se-apula sase sibekwe kakade.

I-Cherry ngumuthi ovela emndenini waseRoses, enezithelo ezimnandi, ezakhiwa kabanzi. It is plant more thermophilic kuka cherry. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi abaseYurophu bayazi mayelana nama-cherries ngisho nasikwini leminyaka lesishiyagalombili BC.

I-Peach ( ipulasitiki yasePheresiya) ngumuthi ovela emndenini wakwaPersian, ozosetshenziswa izithelo ezivuthiwe ekukhiqizeni izithelo zamathinini namafutha e-peach. Ngokukhethekile, lesi sithelo sithandwa kakhulu e-US. Izwe lomdabu walo muthi, cishe, lingenyakatho yeChina. EYurophu, insimu yokuqala ye-peach yafakwa ekhulwini leminyaka e-Italy.

Ekuphetheni ...

Izihlahla zemasiko ziletha inzuzo enkulu kumuntu. Abagcini nje ngokusinika izithelo eziningi eziwusizo futhi ezihlwabusayo, kodwa futhi sizithokozise amehlo ethu emapaki nasezigcawini. Kunzima ukucabanga impilo ngaphandle kwemithi yamasiko nezitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ososayensi nabalimi baqhubeka beza izinhlobo ezintsha.