I-Heterogamy uhlobo lwenqubo yezocansi lapho amangqamuzana ahlukana komunye nomunye ngesimo nangesakhiwo

Ngokusho kwe-Great Encyclopaedic Dictionary, i-heterogamy iyinkqubo yocansi lapho i-gametes yabesifazane nabesilisa ehlangene nenqubo yokukhulelwa ihlukile ngobukhulu nokuma.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zenqubo yocansi

Isogamu, i-heterogamy, i-oogamy yizo zonke izinqubo zokuxubana ngokocansi kwamaseli. Isogamu yilona uhlobo oludala kakhulu lwenqubo yocansi, lapho amaseli wesilisa nabesifazane anezilinganiso ezifanayo futhi ahambisana nokuziphatha okufanayo. I-fusion enjalo ihambisana nesikhunta esilula kanye ne-algae e-green.

I-Heterogamy iyinqubo yocansi, lapho ubulili obuhlukile ngokuphelele (i-gametes) buhluke ngokuphelele ngobukhulu nesakhiwo se- morphological.

I-Oogamy yindlela yokwenza inqubo ehlukene yokwenza ucansi lweselula, lapho amangqamuzana ezocansi ahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Lolu hlobo lwenqubo yezocansi lubonakala kubantu, nakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Lolu hlobo lokukhulelwa lwenzeka phakathi kwesisindo esikhulu sezinsikazi zesilisa nesilisa encane, uma kuqhathaniswa nalo. Ngokuvamile kunalokho, iseli lesifazane liyisimo esiqinile, kuyilapho owesilisa ehamba ngokunyakaza. Le nqubo ingenzeka kokubili ngaphakathi komzimba wesifazane nangaphandle kwayo.

Ubulili bezinto eziphilayo

Kuvunywa ukuthi kunezicansi ezimbili: owesilisa nowesifazane. Kumele kuqashelwe, njengoba sesiyazi kakade, ukuthi ngokwemvelo kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokukhiqizwa ngokocansi: isogamy, heterogamy, oogamy. Kuzo zonke izimo, kwakhiwa amangqamuzana e-sex complementary, kodwa kuphela ama-oogamy iqanda nesidoda.

Izinhlobo zokuzimisela ngokocansi

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuzimisela ngokocansi ngenzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Izindlela ezintathu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu: isofthiwe, i-syllabic, i-metamogram. Inembile kakhulu yalezi yizincazelo zesofthiwe yezocansi zenzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Lezi zifundo kufanele zenziwe kuze kube yilapho inqubo yokukhulelwa (ongeny). Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uma sithatha isifundo senqubo yezocansi yama-rotifers, khona-ke banakho ukukhiqiza amaqanda ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ososayensi baye basungula ukuthi kusukela emaqanda amakhulu amakhulu, abantu besifazane bahlakulela, futhi bancane, abesilisa kuphela.

Incazelo yezocansi ngqo ngesikhathi senqubo yocansi yokuhlwanyela i-syngamous. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngesisekelo sokwabiwa kwama-chromosomes ocansini. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu. I-Heterogamy iyinqubo eyinhloko yocansi yezinhlobo zokuxuba zokunquma inzalo ezayo.

Uhlobo lwe-metamogram noma uhlobo lwe-epigamous lokuzimisela ngokobulili aluxhomeke ekubunjweni kwamaseli wesondo, noma ngobukhulu bawo, noma ngisho nenani lama-chromosomes. Ukunquma kwalolu hlobo lokutadisha kungumqondo wezemvelo, kanye nokuqina komthelela wabo. Lolu hlobo lwencazelo yobulili lungabhekwa njengokushintshashintsha kokushintsha.

Izibonelo zethonya lezici zangaphandle

Indlela elula futhi ejwayelekile yokulawula ubulili bezingane ezizayo ingabonakala esibonelweni samaqanda angwenya. Njengemibandela yemvelo, futhi uma udala izimo zokushisa ezikhona, endaweni yokushisa ethile, kungaba abesifazane noma abesilisa kuphela. Kuncike ekushiseni.

Futhi, kunezimo lapho ubulili benzalo yesikhathi esizayo kuthinteka yizimo abazithuthukisa kuzo. I-Bonellia viridis wuhlobo lwe-annelid marine worm enamakhono akhethekile okushintsha ucansi kuye ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala.

Izinga ezihlukahlukene zethonya lezici ezithile

Ngaphansi kwesimo esizayo, kokubili i-genotype kanye nezinombolo zangaphandle zithinta cishe ngokulinganayo. Kodwa-ke, ezinhlotsheni ezehlukene izinga lokuthonya ngobulili bezinto zangaphandle kanye ne-genotype lihlukile. Ukunquma inzalo yesikhathi esizayo yenzalo kubantu futhi iningi lokudla okuncelisayo kuyi-genotype. Kulolu hlobo lwenqubo yezocansi, njenge-heterogamy, izibonelo zazo ezichazwe ekuqaleni, abantu ikakhulukazi abantu. Izizathu zangaphandle aziba nethonya kule nqubo. Ngenkathi iBelellia viridis efanayo (uhlobo oluthile lwezilwane zasolwandle), oluchazwe ekuqaleni, noma izinhlanzi, lithembele ngokugcwele ekushintsheni kwendawo yangaphandle.

Insikazi yalezi zibungu idlulele kakhulu ubukhulu besilisa bayo, obuncane kakhulu. Uhlala ngqo emkhakheni wezinsikazi wesifazane. Izibungu ziyizicansi, okungukuthi, zikhombisa izimpawu zobulili zombili. Yingakho ubulili benzalo yesikhathi esizayo kuthonywa kakhulu yizici zemvelo. Ngakho, i-larva, ehlala ngokukhululekile ekholomu yamanzi, iyoba ngowesifazane ogcwele ngobukhulu obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ehlangana nowesifazane ongenasilisa, angakwazi ukuzilungisa futhi ekugcineni abe yindoda.

Ukungafani

Kwenzeka ukuthi ubulili benzalo yezilwane ezithile ezincelisayo kuphethwe yizici zangaphandle. Ezinkomo, amawele afanayo avela ngenxa ye-heterogamy. Ngisho uma kwenzeka inkomo iqala ngesikhathi esifanayo i-heterozyte amawele, i-goby izovame ukuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi izimpawu zesilisa nabesifazane zingabonakala emzimbeni wesifazane. Lesi sici singenxa yokuthi ama-hormone wesilisa abesilisa akhululwa ngaphambi kokuba owesifazane abe khona futhi angathinta ubulili bamawele abo. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ngokucacile ithonya lezici zangaphandle kwizocansi ezizayo zenzalo.

Kusukela ngenhla, kulandela ukuthi isisekelo nesisekelo sezinto eziphilayo kunoma yikuphi ushintsho, kufaka phakathi ubulili, yilokho okuyiyona ndlela yokuqala yokuziphatha ngokobuciko bomzimba. Lesi sici esibonisa ukuthi ubulili bungashintsha kakade ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwendalo. Futhi i-heterogamy ingenye yeziqinisekiso eziyinhloko zalesi sitatimende.