I-enzyme ephula amaprotheni. Iyini imisebenzi yamaphrotheni?

Emzimbeni womuntu, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni ngokwemali efanele kuyimfuneko yemvelo yokusebenza kwayo evamile. Leli qembu liqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amangqamuzana omzimba ayenayo ngenxa yokuthi iqukethe amino acid adingekayo. Indima ebalulekile idlala iphrotheni ekuphindaphindiwe kwama-molecule e-RNA ne-DNA. Iyini imisebenzi yamaphrotheni emzimbeni? Yiziphi izinyimba ezithinta ukucaca kwazo? Le mibuzo neminye iphendulwa kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini amaprotheni

Ama-protein yizona izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu, eziqukethe ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Ngenye indlela amaprotheni emithi abuye abizwe ngokuthi amaprotheni. Leli gama livame ukutholakala ezincomeni zodokotela abanolwazi.

Iyini indima yama-protein emzimbeni womuntu

Iprotheyini ibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni umthambo womzimba womzimba womuntu. Kuzosiza futhi uma kwenzeka ukubuyiselwa kwezinsizakalo ezonakele, okuyinto evame ukuqhuma ngezivunguvungu ezinkulu noma nge-frostbite nokushisa. Futhi, amaprotheni asebenza kahle ngokulondoloza izinwele noma izipikili ezinempilo.

Ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kuzinzile isistimu yomzimba, iphrotheni ibaluleke kakhulu.

Iyini imisebenzi esemqoka yamaprotheni

Ngakho-ke, yimiphi imisebenzi yamaprotheni emzimbeni? Okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa:

• Umsebenzi weCatalytic - ngosizo lwawo kungenzeka ukulawula ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ezinkambisweni eziphilayo;
• Umsebenzi wezokuthutha - ukudluliselwa kuzo zonke izitho kanye nezicubu zomoya osidinga;
• Umsebenzi wokuzivikela usekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi amaprotheni egazini anesifiso sokuvala, okuvikela umzimba womuntu ekulahlekelweni kwegazi ngokulimala okungenzeka;
• Umsebenzi onesivumelwano unesibopho sokuqhekeka kwemisipha yomzimba womuntu ngokubandakanyeka ngokuqondile kwama-actin kanye namaprotheni e-myosin;
• Umsebenzi wokwakha uqinisekisa ukubunjwa kwamaseli e-biomembrane;
• Umsebenzi wama-hormonal wenza ukuhlukaniswa okufanele kwezakhi zomzimba ngaphakathi komzimba ngosizo lwe-hormone;
• Umsebenzi wokudla okunomsoco unikeza ngosizo lwamaprotheni inani elifanele lama-kilojoule wokuphila komuntu, futhi yilokho okwamnika ithuba lokuthola amandla namandla okudingekayo.

Ubani okufanele adle amaprotheni amaningi

Abantu abathintekayo emdlalweni othize bakhuthazwa kakhulu odokotela babo nabaqeqeshi ukuba badle ukudla okungenakho okuqukethe inani elanele lamaprotheni. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngokusho kocwaningo odokotela, abagijimi bezobuchwepheshe badinga amaprotheni okuqukethwe ama-2 kuya ku-3 amagremu kilogram ngayinye yomzimba wabo.

Yikuphi ukudla okuningi okuqukethe amaprotheni ekubunjweni kwawo

Ukuqukethwe kwamaprotheni okuphakeme kakhulu ku-soy - amagremu angu-100 ala ma-akhawunti womkhiqizo cishe ama-34 amagremu wamaprotheni. Uma sithatha njengesinye iminye imikhiqizo, lokho okuqukethwe kwayo cishe kungahluka kakhulu. Ngezansi imikhiqizo emikhulu equkethe amaprotheni enenani elanele, okungukuthi:

• Ushizi - kusuka ku-14 ukuya ku-20 amagremu ngamagremu angu-100 omkhiqizo;
• Inhlanzi - kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-16 amagremu;
• Inyama - kusuka ku-14 kuya ku-20 amagremu;
• Amabhontshisi kanye nama-peas - kulokhu kubalwa cishe amagremu angu-20.

Kodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umzimba uthola amaprotheni ngokwemali edingekayo, kuphumelela kakhulu ukudla inyama kanye nezitsha ngesibisi. Iqiniso liwukuthi liqukethe amino acid egcwele. Kodwa ngamabhontshisi noma ama-peas, futhi nayo yonke imikhiqizo yemifino yemifino, isimo sihlukile. Ziqukethe ngaphakathi kwazo isethi engaphelele yama-amino acids. I-soya, ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izitshalo, yenza kahle lapha. Iprotheyini equkethe inezinto eziyigugu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokusila, ungahlukanisa iphrotheni lamalenti.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engabangela ukungabi nalutho kanye namaprotheni amaningi emzimbeni

Uma umzimba ungagcwele ngokwanele ngamaprotheni, kungenzeka kube ukwephulwa kwesibindi, amathumbu amancane noma ama-pancreas. Futhi, le nkinga ingaba nethonya elibi ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yezinzwa.

Nge-overabundance yamaprotheni, ingase iqoqe kancane kancane emzimbeni. Izakhi zeprotheni ezingaphezu kwesibindi zibe yi-glucose kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali azitrogenous, okuvezwa kahle kakhulu ezinso.

Amanye ama-enzyme aphula amaprotheni

Kodwa yini okufanele uyenze ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lamaprotheni emzimbeni awudluli imingcele edingekayo? Indima ebalulekile idlalwe ama-enzyme ahlukanisa le nxenye. Ama-enzyme abalulekile, abelwe kulo "mishini", afaka i-asprose, i-lactose ne-amylase. Inani le-amylase kuleli cala liyingxenye enkulu, cishe okungu-90% kokuqukethwe okuphelele kwezinto eziphilayo. I-enzyme ephula amaprotheni, aphikisana namaprotheni ane-carbohydrate enzima ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali.

Ukupaka amaprotheni esiswini

Ukupaka amaprotheni esiswini kuyinkqubo eningi-step. Cishe amaphesenti angama-97% e-protein asetshenzisiwe afakwa njenge-amino acid mahhala ngqo egazini lomuntu.

Umzila wamathumbu, ngenxa yezinsiza zawo ze-enzyme, uhlukanisa kalula amaprotheni kulokho okuthiwa yi-peptide bonds of molecules. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngezigaba, kanye nokukhetha kuphela. Esimweni sombutho we-amino acid esisuka ku-molecule yamaprotheni, i-peptide ne-amino acid zakhiwa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, enye i-amino acid ihlanganiswe ne-peptide ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, bese elandelayo. Isenzo esinjalo senziwa kuze kube yilapho imvukuzane iphelele, ngaphandle kwezinsalela, inamathele ku-amino acid.

I-Pepsin: umsebenzi nesenzo esiyisisekelo

В желудке образуется в результате естественного синтеза профермента пепсиногена пепсин. I-Pepsin inezinhloso zayo eziyinhloko emzimbeni womuntu, ehambisana nokusabalalisa okulungile kokudla, kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo okuqhubekayo kube yi-peptide nama-amino acids ahlukahlukene. Esiswini sakhiwe ngenxa yomsakazo wemvelo we pepsinogen pepticene pepsin.

Amaprotheni njengemvelaphi yezitshalo (etholakala ekusetshenzisweni kwama-peas, ubhontshisi nezinye izitshalo), futhi kusukela ekudleni, ushizi, ubisi neminye imikhiqizo etholakalayo ngezilwane, ihlehliswa kalula yi-pepsin.

Yiziphi izindawo ze-pepsin? Inomsebenzi othakazelisayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-pepsin iyakwazi ukucisha ubisi, ukuguqula ku-casein ne-caseinogen. Ngalendlela, ushizi kanye neminye imikhiqizo eyenziwa ngesisekelo sobisi kuvame ukukhiqizwa.

Ezokwelapha, i-pepsin nayo isetshenziswa kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuphatha izifo ezinjengezilonda zesisu, isifo sangasese esingavamile, umdlavuza wesisu. I-Pepsin iphumelela kakhulu, umsebenzi wayo manje okucutshungulwayo, futhi nezinkinga nge-digestive tract. Kulolu cala, lisetshenziselwa uhlobo oluthile lokwelapha.

Ukusebenzisa i- pepsin (i-enzyme ephula amaprotheni) ngaphakathi, kubalulekile ukucabangela umsebenzi wayo ophezulu esimaphakathi se-asidi. Uma i-asidi yesisu isancishisiwe, sebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sibe. Uma i-pepsin isesimweni se-powder, kufanele ihlanjululwe ku-100 ml yamanzi noma i-hydrochloric acid (isisombululo sika-1-3%), futhi uma ifomu ithebhulethi ichithe amanzi.

Odokotela batusa ukusebenzisa i-pepsin izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezi-3 ngosuku. Futhi kuyisifiso sokwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokudla. Umthamo wesilinganiso uvela ku-0.2 kuya ku-0.5 amagremu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yengane, kufanele ihliswe kakhulu - kuyoba yanele ukusebenzisa kusukela ku-0.1 kuya ku-0.08 amagremu ale mithi.

Umuntu ophethwe yisisu somzimba noma isilonda sesisu, isenzo se-pepsin ngeke sizuze. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele.

I-Trypsin: umsebenzi we-enzyme

Kuyini i-trypsin? Lena enye i-enzyme ehlukile ephula amaprotheni nama-peptide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomsebenzi we-hydrolysis of esters. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-trypsin wukuthi ulawula ngokugcwele inqubo yokugaya ukudla.

Uphatha i-trypsin izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis, i-pneumonia, i-sinusitis. Ingasetshenziselwa ukushisa, ngamanxeba ahlukahlukene ahlanzekile, nangemva kokusebenza. Emathambo wamazinyo anezifo zomlomo womlomo lokhu kulungiselelwa nakho kuyasiza kakhulu.

Imiphumela emibi engenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-trypsin ihlotshaniswa nokwanda kokushisa komzimba. Uma i-trypsin isetshenziselwa ukuphuza, ukucasuka kwe-mucosa yephezu eliphezulu lokuphefumula kungaholela.

Sebenzisa i-trypsin, umsebenzi okuxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko, okungcono okungaphezu kwezikhathi ezimbili ngosuku ngamakhilogremu angu-0.01. Izingane zikhuthazwa ukuyisebenzisa kanye ngosuku, nge-0.0025 amagremu kuphela.

Lapho isilonda ngemuva kokwelashwa ngotshwala noma eluhlaza, kungenzeka futhi ukubeka indwangu ehlanganiswe ne-trypsin. Le ngubo kufanele ibe endaweni ewonakele okungenani amahora angu-24. Kulesi simo, i-trypsin (i-enzyme ephula amaprotheni nama-peptide) isebenza njengesihlobo sokuvikelwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.

I-Protease

I-protease iyi-enzyme, ngokuqondile kakhulu iqembu lonke le-enzyme elitholakala ku-juice esiswini. Futhi, nazo zikhiqizwa ama-pancreas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-protease ikhona futhi emathunjini. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-protease yi-cleavage ephumelelayo yamaprotheni emzimbeni.

I-proteolytic enzyme enkulu ye-pancreatin

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-enzyme ezibandakanyeka ngenqubo yokugaya, futhi zisuse ngempumelelo noma yiziphi izinqubo zokuvuvukala. Zibuye zibandakanye i-pancreatin, okunciphisa imiphumela emibi ye-allergies kubantu kwimikhiqizo ethile. Futhi, uma izifo zangaphakathi ziphakama, i-pancreatin ingcono kakhulu yokwelapha.

Kodwa-ke, abantu ababhekana nokuntuleka kwe-enzyme, kunconywa ukuthi basebenzise lezo zidakamizwa eziqukethe ama-enzyme ahlukahlukene. Zingahle zihlelwe ngokuphepha njengezithako eziphilayo ezisebenzayo. Kodwa imithi enjalo kufanele ilandwe ngokucophelela futhi igcinwe ngesikhathi esifanayo i-periodicity ethile. Kunconywa ukwenza kanjalo naphezu kokuncoma okuphuthumayo kudokotela oya khona ngokusho kwemigomo yakhe. Akufanelekile ukubonakalisa isinyathelo somuntu siqu kulesi simo. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu, uma umuntu enganikwa ulwazi oluthile emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Khumbula, ukuzivocavoca kungenza kube nzima kakhulu isimo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni nama-enzyme emzimbeni ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha. Yiba nempilo!