I-Gilev Reservoir - indawo enkulu yokufakelwa e-Altai Territory

Isitsha sokufakelwa, esakhiwe njengomphumela wokuqubuka komfula i-Alei, ibizwa ngokuthi i-Gilevskoe reservoir.

Endaweni eseduze naso olwandle olwenziwa ngabantu kukhona izindawo eziningana, njengeStaroaleiskoye, iCarbolicha neGilevo, ngokuhlonishwa kwalesi sigameko kanye negama elibizwa ngegama.

Isidingo sokudala

I-massif yamanzi, esesifundeni sezindawo zase-Loktevsky naseTrtyakovsky, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke e-Altai Territory. I-Gilev reservoir yabonakala ngenxa yesidingo esinzima, esibangelwa izizathu eziningana. Eyokuqala kwalokhu kwakungenamanzi emgodini wase-Aley River. Inani labantu landa lapho, ikakhulukazi eRubtsovsk yezimboni. Kwabasebenzi benkimbinkimbi yezimboni, izindlu eziningi zakhiwe, ekugcineni phansi lapho amanzi athile khona kungakabikho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nonyaka ukugeleza kwamanzi kulo mfula kwakungalingani kakhulu: kuhlale kuncibilike kuze kube yilapho kwakunomphefumulo okhanda khona emanzini ebusika futhi ngaphansi, ikakhulukazi imvula, izikhukhula (0.2-1.0) ehlobo. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-75 kuya kwezingu-78 (ngo-Ephreli-Juni), amanzi aphakeme afika ku-137 cm eduze nesigodi saseStaroaleiskoe kuya ku-670 cm eduze ne-Aleisk.

Ukukhetha okwenzelwe i-reservoir

Ukukhwabanisa kwama-Alyos kwakunconywa ukuhlwanyelwa kwemithi emithonjeni yamanzi, ukudala umhlaba omkhulu we-arable ku-floodplain, ukukhula okukhulunywa kakade embonini, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula komphakathi.

Amanzi nawo ayedinga ukuchelela amasimu adalwe ezindaweni eziningi. Isistimu yokunisela yase-Altai enebude bamakhilomitha angaba ngu-50 kakade wakhiwe, futhi kwakudingeka ukugcwaliswa. Izinketho eziningi zacatshangelwa ukuthi zinikeze lokhu kuphezu kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, kwaphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa amanzi eMfuleni weChashsh, futhi i-obbutary yangasese ye-Ob , ngale njongo . Umbuzo ophakanyisiwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kepha lokhu kwakuyizinhlelo ezibiza kakhulu futhi eziyingozi kunokudalwa kwamanzi. Isinqumo senziwe ngokusamukela kwakhe, futhi umsebenzi wokuklama nokuhlola uqale eminyakeni yama-60 ekhulwini lokugcina. Bahlanganyela eLongiprovodkhoz, lohambo luholwa nguL. P. Mogulsky.

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe

I-Gilevskoe reservoir yakhiwa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwedamu, lapho indawo ekhethwe khona ngaphezu kwedolobhana laseGilyovo elingama-2 km, ngoba lapha umgwaqo osondela emfuleni, okuqhubekayo okwakuyidimu lobumba 2760 amamitha ubude.

Ukuze uthole amandla enhlabathini yendawo, eyayiqukethe i-granite, i-loam ne-sand-granite mix, izinto zokwakha ezengeziwe. Ingqikithi, imitha eyi- ³ m ³ yomhlabathi, u-54 000 m ³ wekhonkri, u-400 000 m ³ wamatshe ochotshoziwe kanye namatshe angu-460 000 amatshe asetshenziselwa ukwakha idamu.

Sebenza ekwakheni i-reservoir

Ekuqaleni kuka-1971, leli dama laqala ukugcwala. Yonke imisebenzi yokulungiselela ukudala ibhodlela lendawo yaqedwa ngesikhathi. Idolobha iTroitsky lawa ngaphansi kokubhujiswa. Abakhileyo abangu-300 babuyiselwa endaweni entsha enezindlu nezakha. Ngo-1980, lesi sitshalo samandla kagesi sasithunywe entwasahlobo, kanti entwasahlobo i-Gilev ibheyili yaqala ukugcwalisa. Ziyini izilinganiso zalolu lolwandle olwenziwa abantu? Edameni, ukujula (ngokulinganiselwa kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili) kufinyelela kumamitha angu-21. Ngomkhawulo wamakhilomitha angu-5, ichibi lihamba ngamakhilomitha angu-20. Indawo yesibuko ingamakhilomitha angama-65 square, futhi umthamo we-reservoir ngu-0.47 km ³ . Imingcele enjalo ine-reservoir ye-Gilev. I-Altai Territory yazuzisa kakhulu isingeniso sayo.

Indima yendawo yokugcina ilukhuni ukugcizelela

Ukugeleza kwamanzi emfuleni kwalawulwa, indawo yomhlaba namanzi (okwakhiwa amaPospelikhinsky, Rubtsovskiy naseYorkyevsky) okwandisiwe kakhulu, inani labantu kanye nomkhakha waqala ukuthola amanzi anele. Isimo sezulu sesithuthukile. E-Altai Territory kukhona i-Livonian Reserve. Ingxenye ebalulekile yendawo yamanzi yegesi laseGilev eningizimu-mpumalanga ingxenye yamahektha angu-500 ifakwe ekubunjweni kwayo.

Ingxenye yelondolozi, eduze kwe-hydroconstruction, ibizwa ngokuthi umsila. Ngakho-ke, kusukela emanzini aphezulu kuya ekukhuculeni okuphansi engxenyeni yaseGilevsky kubonakala kanje. Ukuhamba kwamanzi kunezinhlobo ezinjalo, njengama-spillways nezindawo zokuhambisa amanzi. Eyokuqala yenzelwe ukunciphisa amanzi okweqile okhiqizwa ngenxa yezikhukhula. Izitolo ze-Gilevsky Reservoir zinganikeza umswakama kubathengi, kuye ngezidingo ezivela ku-5 kuya ku-160 cubic metres ngomzuzwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zilawula ukugijima emfuleni. I-Gilev yokukhishwa kwamanzi emfuleni i-Aley, ngenxa ye-hydrosystem, ingahlinzeka ngemodi eqhubekayo kusuka kumakhilomitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-100 ngomzuzwana. Kodwa uma kwenzeka kwenzeka isishukhula, ukukhishwa okuphoqelelwe okufika ku-790 m ³ ngomzuzwana kuthathwa ngokucabangela. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho zonke izikhungo zokukhipha amanzi nokukhishwa zivuliwe.

Ukudoba

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi impilo yesakhiwo sokugcina ngenxa yezintaba eziqhubekayo zamabhange, ukuthungula nokugubula kubalwa iminyaka engama-77.5 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwayo. Noma kunjalo, ngo-2018 edolobheni kuzokwakhiwa isiteshi samandla seMalaya Gilevskaya, esizohlinzeka ngogesi ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude ze-Altai Territory.

Ucebile kakhulu ezinhlanzi zeGilevskoe. Ukudoba kuwo wonke unyaka wonke (i-sazan nesiliva esiliva), izinhlobo eziyinhloko lapha ziyi-roach ne-perch. Kodwa ngobuningi obukhona kukhona i-pike ne-ruff, i-crucian yesiliva negolide, i-ide ne-minnow. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wenziwa ukuze unciphise izinhlanzi ezibalulekile ezinhlathini, njengezinambuzane, i-peled kanye ne-pike perch. Ngaphambili emfuleni kwakukhona inqwaba ye-sterlet, inani labo ochwepheshe abaphupha ukubuyisa. Abadala besikhathi esidlule bathi ngaphambili le nhlanzi, ehlala engxenyeni egciniwe yase-Aleu, yasuka waya emzaneni waseStaroleysky.