Ob: ikakhulukazi ukugeleza kwamanzi. nemingenela we OB

Kunokuba indawo yokugcina kule simo kuthatha emfuleni eside wamanzi Russia - ob. Its indawo kuhambisana Yenisei; ngulona logeleta bebheke eningizimu-enyakatho, eyigeza yonke Western eSiberia. Wakhe umlomo okungukuthi i-Kara Sea. Ngesikhathi confluence ethekwini kwamiswa, esanikwa isikhulu igama eGulf of OB. ubude bayo ingeqi 900 km.

Ob River. Izakhiwo kwamanzi

Okubalulekile emfuleni Russian Federation, futhi cishe isikhathi eside e-Asiya okungukuthi ob. ubude kuyinto 5410 km. Umthombo wamanzi kubhekwa confluence we Katun kanye Biya, abangamalungu e-Altai.

Ukusakaza aqueous ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu: ingxenye engezansi (endaweni ukuze ob lezindebe), isangoma (kuze Irtish), elingenhla (Tom).

Ngenxa endaweni ingqikithi elisemcengezini, ingxenye 3 sq. M. km, ob unesikhundla okuholela Russian Federation. Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi okuqukethwe amanzi yesithathu ob ngemva imifula emikhulu enkulu yezwe, njengoba Yenisei noLena.

Nanguya edamini, elakhiwa ngo-60s. Ob yakha Novosibirsk kwesigubhu. Ukuze udale ke ngokukhethekile ayizange ivele igcwale Edolobhaneni futhi ingxenye yomuzi Berdsk. Abantu abahlala eduze ob, ob ukuyibiza kolwandle. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ukuzijabulisa noma beyodoba. On ogwini lwayo kukhona eyakhelwe zokungcebeleka nokuzijabulisa izikhungo.

Ekhulwini XIX kwanqunywa ukwakha isiteshi, okwakuyoholela ukuxhuma ob ne Yenisei. Nokho, manje-ke alisetshenziswa nhlobo futhi ngokuphelele.

I nemingenela eyinhloko the OB: Irtysh, Tom. Iphinde iwe Yugan, Chulym, Ket futhi Charysh.

Umfula ikakhulu liqinisekiswa snows ukuncibilika. Flood kwenziwe ngo-Ephreli-May, zonke ekusakazeni aqueous ageleza. Lapho nqabela-up liqala ukuphakama kwamanzi ezingeni futhi umfula ikani ngokuvamile usohambeni angaphezu zabo ezingwini. Ekwindla ka ukugeleza libhekene uzamcolo, futhi ehlobo - amafishane.

Amanzi wamanzi, kanye zonke le nemingenela lomfula ob, ecebile izinhlanzi. ezingaphezu kuka-50 zama bahlale kuzo. Okuvame kakhulu futhi esiyigugu: ezimhlophe salmon, ama-whitefish, Sturgeon, nabanye. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona carp, perch, Ides, Pike.

entshonalanga yeSiberia

Entshonalanga yeSiberia itholakala Ural kanye Yenisei emfuleni embhedeni. It elula cishe 3,000 ukusuka olwandle kuze Kazakh amagquma 2,000 km kusuka Urals ukuba le Yenisey River. Amaningi ala masimu Itholakala West laseSiberia Plain.

ziyamaniswa nokungangeni

Omude kunayo yonke owake kwesokunxele owumthelela ob: Vasyugan. Ubude bayo 1000 km. Isigodi soMfula i-, kwezinye izindawo eziningi njenge ixhaphozi. It has amaningi kokubili ziyamaniswa nokungangeni amancane kunalokho eside. umthombo Vasyugan uku OB-Irtysh nakangaka. Ngo inombolo yayo kwimfunda eyanele elinamachibi oxbow amachibi. Phakathi ifinyelela ogwini kubangele ukuphakama 50 m. Esikhathini sifinyelela ephansi Vasyugan inwebeka 600 m, aba uvamela, izikhukhula ethafeni nakho kuyanda ngobukhulu, it is ngokufanele ngaphezulu amachibi, iziteshi bano.

Zonke ziyamaniswa nokungangeni ob kukhona nemifula ezibalulekile, okuyinto ihluke nomunye nezici, ikakhulukazi ubude. Elikhulu kunawo wonke kuyinto Tom. ubude bayo - 827 km ubude - 3 m esinemthombo ice kwenzeka ngo-November, ukuvulwa -. Ngenyanga ka-Ephreli. Uhlobo eyisisekelo amanzi emvula ukuthengisela, kodwa futhi libhekene iqhwa komhlaba.

Ngaphesheya Omsk esifundeni ukuthola umzimba amanzi emfuleni kunokubuthwa owumthelela main kwesokunxele River ob. Ugijimela ngokusebenzisa Insimu Yabantu Republic of China, Kazakhstan kanye Russian Federation. Le ndawo Imininingwane kuyinto 4000 km, okwenza kube, kanye ob (5410 km) wamanzi lokuqala eRussia, wesibili e-Asia nelesithupha emhlabeni.

nemingenela ob okuyinto zitholakala ikakhulu saseTomsk esifundeni, ungachazwa abaqukethwe eziningi amachibi, amachibi kanye nemifula encane. endaweni yabo Imininingwane ingaphezu 7 ayizinkulungwane. Ha. Iningi lazo Okwamanje yene nezimila yasemanzini. Ezinye amachibi adaliwe ngenxa izici zemvelo ezihlukahlukene.

Irtysh - ukugeleza main

Zonke nemingenela ob River bayakwazi ukujabulisa wonke umuntu, kodwa enamandla kakhulu iyona Irtysh. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile linendima ebalulekile emazweni lapho notshwala, ukugeleza kwamanzi yinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngemva kuba Missouri, ogama ubude km 3700 kuphela.

Umfula lethiwa ngenxa yokuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhona, izikhathi eziningana ezashintsha isiteshi ngenxa yokuchithwa ogwini. Kuhunyushwe kusuka Turkish kusho hydronym "umgodi."

Cishe bonke nemingenela we OB, kuhlanganise Irtysh, opha yayikhona intuthuko engatheni, ijubane esiphezulu kuyaqabukela ezingaphezu kuka-2 m / umzuzwana. Umbhede lincane, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-700 m. Kuyamangalisa emfuleni imvelo cishe engabathinti, okumsulwa ecucuza amanzi, aqukethe isamba ubuncane izinto eziyingozi. Amandla ihlinzekwa wawunqamula emanzini kwancibilika. Ngenxa yokuthi ngasemfuleni zakhelwe izitshalo Hydropower, izikhukhula ezingajwayelekile kakhulu.

Tom

Njengokunye nemingenela we OB, Tom Itholakala saseTomsk esifundeni. Ogelezayo, awashe Khakassia futhi eKemerovo esifundeni. Ngenxa yokuthi kwezinye izingxenye emfuleni ezingeni amanzi nenani elifinyelela ezibucayi, lokuthumela ayikho lapha. Shallowing iphutha ngenxa yokuthi kusukela emfuleni njalo uhambe amatshe izidingo zabo siqu.

Ob nemingenela ezithinta amandla awo, umfula ethandwa futhi ezibalulekile. Uvame iba into kodoba yimpumelelo kanye nokungcebeleka, kanye ithela kulo nemifula wakhe, idume ngomtapo kwenkundla lawo elihle.