Gun "Dora" - isikhali kweMpi Yezwe II: incazelo

Eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwempi yezwe yesibili, Hitler wayala ukukhathazeka "Krupp" ukuthuthukiswa ezisindayo-duty imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo isikhali uyakwazi isibhakela izinqaba aphathekako amamitha eziyisikhombisa uqweqwe unyawo zempi. Le projekthi yenziwe esindayo duty isibhamu "Dora", yaqanjwa ngomfazi umklami wayo oyinhloko Erich Mueller.

Amasampula lokuqala izibhamu superheavy

Ngesikhathi sokudumisa necebo umbono beziphakamisa umkhakha German isivele zazinolwazi ekukhiqizeni wezikhali izilo. Ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, eParis ngo ibhethri shelled, ehlanganisa ezintathu izibhamu super-esindayo "cwe" uhlelo. Iziqu kulezi izilo kwadingeka amamilimitha angu amabili nesikhombisa osezingeni futhi wathumela amagobolondo webanga elingamamitha ayikhulu amakhilomitha, okuyinto ngalezo zinsuku kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso irekhodi.

Nokho, ukubala yomonakalo enhlokodolobha French lokhu ibhethri wabonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwawo kwangempela azinakwa. Lapho ezehlukile uhla olude kwaba eliphansi kakhulu ukucacisa izikhali hit, futhi umlilo wabo bahluleka eziphathekako, kodwa kuphela endaweni enkulu.

ingxenye encane amagobolondo kuphela wawa ngesikhathi esifanayo ekhaya yokuhlala noma ezinye izakhiwo. Izibhamu ogibele amapulatifomu kajantshi, futhi ukukhonza ngamunye babo babedinga abantu okungenani ayisishiyagalombili. Uma ucabangela ngaphandle izindleko zabo eziphakeme, kubonakala sengathi izindleko zabo kunalelo umonakalo ukuthi bakwazi ukuba banikeze.

Ihlazo iSivumelwano SaseVersailles

Ngemva kwempi, iSivumelwano SaseVersailles izimo, phakathi kwezinye imikhawulo, owethulwa eJalimane kuvinjelwe ukukhiqizwa amathuluzi, ubukhulu lapho idlule ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amamilimitha angu. Lona isizathu kobuholi-Third Reich endabeni ukuvelela yayilahla sihloko kokuzehlisa lesi sivumelwano siyalandelwa, ukwakha isibhamu ezingase kusimangaze emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba khona "Dora" - isikhali ukuziphindiselela uschemlonnuyu ngezinhlanga nokuqhosha ngohlanga.

Ukudala wezikhali silo

Umsebenzi ukudalwa yephrojekthi kanye ukukhiqizwa lesi silo kwathatha iminyaka emihlanu. Super-esindayo ujantshi isibhamu "Dora" nemingcele yayo lobuchwepheshe umcabango esiphakeme futhi ingqondo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi it wadedelwa kusukela osezingeni projectile amamilimitha angu asibhozo anamanci nantathu wandiza amakhilomitha amahlanu kuphela, wakwazi ukuphulukundlela amamitha eziyisikhombisa ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu, imitha imvunulo kanye wokumba tridtsatimetrovoy ukujiya.

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezibhamu

Kodwa lezi Yiqiniso, ukusebenza high ilahlekelwa nencazelo yalo uma ucabangela ukuthi isibhamu nge aphansi kakhulu ukucacisa umlilo required ngempela emikhulu ukugcinwa kanye kunciphise nezindleko. It is, eyaziwa isibonelo, ukuthi isikhundla matasa wesitimela isibhamu "Dora" akuyona esingaphansi amakhilomitha amane nesigamu. Kuthunyelwe lonke ukufakwa ezingxenyeni, futhi inhlangano yayo yayithatha amasonto ayisithupha, okuyinto edingekayo ezimbili 110 ton crane.

Combat ekubalweni izikhali lalinabashumayeli abantu abangamakhulu amahlanu, ngaphandle kwalokho, base abasisiwe ukukuqapha Ibutho kanye nebutho ezokuthutha. Ukuthuthwa izinhlamvu abathintekayo izitimela ezimbili nomunye isitimela amandla. Ngokuvamile, izisebenzi kudingekile ukuze kugcinwe eyodwa isibhamu onjalo kwakuyiNkosi nengxenye izinkulungwane zabantu. Ukuze ondle abantu abaningi kangaka, kwakukhona ngisho ebhikawozi ensimini. Kusukela zonke Kulo mthandazo kusobala ukuthi "Dora" - ithuluzi ukuthi kudinga umsebenzi walo izindleko ngendlela engakholeki.

Umzamo wokuqala ukuba usebenzise amathuluzi

Ngokokuqala ngqá ingane yabo entsha amaJalimane wazama ukusebenzisa nema-British kukho ukubhubha ka ezivikelweni, ayakhiwe ngu nabo Gibraltar. Kodwa uma kwaba khona inkinga nge zokuthutha badabula leyo ndawo of Spain. Ezweni nakuba sasilinyazwe nempi yombango, kwaba yini ukuba ukuthutha we ephakamisa enjalo silo kwamabhuloho kanye nemigwaqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umashiqela Franco ngazo zonke izindlela ukuvimbela lokhu, engafuni okwamanje ukudonsela izwe libe engxabanweni engapheli Western oMfelandawonye lempi.

Izibhamu ukudluliswa onqenqemeni empumalanga

Ngenxa yalezi zimo, extra isibhamu esindayo "Dora" wathunyelwa ngaphambili empumalanga. Ngo-1942, kwafika eCrimea, lapho babhaliswa anawo ibutho, okuyinto wazama umbelesele Sebastopol ngesikhathi. Lapha, 813-mm lokuvimbezela isibhamu "Dora" liye lasetshenziswa ukuze kubhekiselwe ukucindezela Soviet ogwini amabhethri, ifakwe 305-mm izibhamu.

Ngokweqile abasebenzi eminingi sikhonza ukubeka lapha Eastern Front, kudingekile ukuze kwandiswe amandla yokuvikela, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ukufika ku isibhamu inhlonhlo kanye ukubala yayo behlaselwa abashokobezi. Njengoba yaziwa, ujantshi isibhamu usengozini kakhulu emoyeni, ngakho kwadingeka ukuba asebenzise i eyengeziwe anti-aircraft division ukumboza kuphangwa isibhamu izindiza. Ujoyinwe futhi himpodrazdelenie, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukudala intuthu zesikrini.

Ukulungiselela impi ukuqala kokudubula

Indawo I-amathuluzi ekhethiwe ngokucophelela okukhulu. It ezikhonjwe ngesikhathi flyby leyo ndawo emoyeni umlawuli mathupha kwakwakhe kwezibhamu esindayo Jikelele Tsukerort. Wakhetha kwenye yezintaba, lapho imbobo ububanzi senziwa ukuba ulwe imishini isikhundla. Ukuze uqinisekise control lobuchwepheshe ngokuqinile "Krupp" ethunyelwe endaweni imisebenzi ongoti yayo, ekusungulweni kanye womshini izibhamu.

Design izici isibhamu emgqonyeni ukuba azihambele kuphela ime mpo, ngakho ukushintsha labadubuli isiqondiso (nendawo) isibhamu "Dora" wabekwa platform okhethekile, okwashukumisa i amathrekhi arc iqupha. Ukuze ukuhamba kwayo esetshenziswa ezimbili ezinamandla udizili esitimela.

Isebenza ku-ukufakwa ukufakwa wezikhali kanye nokulungiselela yayo yokudubula seziqedile njengoba kuqale unyaka ka-June 1942. Ukuze uthuthukise umthelela umlilo ku nezivikelo Sevastopol amaJalimane esetshenziswa, ngaphandle "Dora", ukuzinyeza ezinezinjini amayunithi ezimbili "UKarl". Ubukhulu emgqonyeni kwaba cm 60. Bamangala nalapho izikhali ezinamandla futhi elimazayo.

Umlando ka abahlanganyeli izenzakalo

Kwakukhona umuntu owazibonela ngawakhe lusakhunjulwa NgoJuni 5, 1942. Bathi ukuxoxa kanjani amakhanda amabili anamandla iphuma out phezu ujantshi we arc we silo enesisindo 1.350 wamathani. Kufanele usethe phansi isentimitha, owawenziwa umqondisi weqembu ka machinists. Ukuze kushothi lokuqala engxenyeni ukukhokhiswa isibhamu ibekwe projectile amathani 7.

Emoyeni wavuka ibhaluni, umsebenzi crew eyayihlanganisa i ukulungiswa lomlilo. Lapho amalungiselelo zaphela, amathuluzi wonke ukubala uye eyabelwe e yokukhosela, akhiwe kude amamitha angamakhulu amaningana. Kusukela bokuzibonela efanayo eyaziwa ukuthi ukufinyela sasinamandla kangangokuthi le komzila lapho emsamo emi, waya ezweni ngamasentimitha amahlanu.

umsebenzi Akunamsebenzi karate

Izazi-mlando sezempi ziphikisana ekutheni isibalo isibhamu owenza isibhamu German "Dora" e Sevastopol. Ngesisekelo eSoviet idatha umyalo, kwakukhona izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili. Lokhu kuhambelana izinsiza lobuchwepheshe umgqomo, okungakwazi ukumelana inani elikhulu lazo (bese kufanele kuthathelwe indawo). imithombo German efanayo bathi isibhamu wenza hhayi ngaphansi kuka ayisishiyagalombili imizuliswano, ngemva kwalokho, ngesikhathi zazindiza ngendlela engavamile of ekuhlaseleni Soviet, waba ehlatshwa amandla isitimela.

umyalo jikelele Wehrmacht waphoqeleka ukuba avume ukuthi elizigqaja ngako "Dora" isibhamu kaHitler hhayi wakufeza lokho okwakulindelwe wakhe. Ngazo zonke izindleko umthelela lowo mlilo omncane. It eqoshiwe eyodwa kuphela hit yimpumelelo edepho izinhlamvu, sise ibanga amakhilomitha angamashumi amabili-nesikhombisa. Ezinye izindaba zika-amagobolondo multi-ton bawa uselessly, kusale wentaba ezijulile emhlabathini.

izakhiwo ukuzivikela njengoba kungekho umonakalo kubangelwa yini, ngoba ayengasazi ubhujiswe kuphela hits oqondile. Babelokhu bethi ngalokhu isibhamu Army uMphathi Abasebenzi Wehrmacht, uColonel Jikelele Frantsa Galdera. Wathi isibhamu ezinkulu "Dora" - ke nje ucezu engenamsebenzi yobuciko. Ngu ukwahlulelwa uchwepheshe lempi kunzima ukuze ungeze lutho.

Ulaka the sokudumisa kanye nezinhlelo ezintsha

Imiphumela esidumazayo okunjalo, kuboniswa ekulweni isikhali "Dora" kwabacasula sokudumisa. Wabeka le phrojekthi olutheni. Ngokusho izibalo wakhe, isibhamu, naphezu izindleko amba eqolo elihlobene ne womshini yayo, kwaba ukungena nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ngobuningi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ijabulise ukushintsha okuphawulekayo endleleni ibhalansi amabutho ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa serial izikhali lokhu ezidlula kwadingeka ukuba afakaze ezingaba yezimboni eJalimane.

Ngemva ukwehluleka eCrimea "Krupp" Abaklami bazama ukuthuthukisa indalo yakhe. Kwaba ukuba ehluke ngokuphelele wezikhali esindayo iyunithi "Dora." I isibhamu kufanele ngenzeni sverhdalnoboynym futhi wasebenzisa ukuthi kwakufanele kwi Western Front. ukwakhiwa kwalo Kwakuhlelwe ukwenza ushintsho oluphawulekayo ezivumela, ngokuvumelana abalobi, siqhumisa a rocket ezintathu isigaba. Kodwa zinhlelo, ngenhlanhla, akuzange kube njalo.

Phakathi nempi, ngaphandle isibhamu "Dora", amaJalimane umkhankaso omunye super-esindayo inganono osezingeni amasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Kwakuthinta ogama lakhe behlonipha ikhanda ngokuqinile "Krupp" Gustav Krupp von Bollène - ". Ukuqina Gustav" Lokhu isibhamu, okwabangela inhlekelele emamaki abayizigidi eziyishumi isiJalimane, wayebuye engasebenziseki ngokuthi "Dora." I isibhamu kwadingeka cishe yonke okufanayo amaphutha kanye ayizuzisi kangako eziningi. Ekupheleni kwempi kokubili ukufaka abangu yasha amaJalimane angasiboni.