Golden Gate eKiev. Golden Gate - isikhumbuzo bokwakha ka Kievan Rus

Kiev - elinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu eYurophu, ugcwele izinto ezithakazelisayo. Ngumuphi kubo nibaluleke ukuvakashelwa okokuqala, ngenkathi e Kiev? Golden Gate! Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele bokwakha lasendulo kufanele kube ngomunye wabokuqala kulolu hlu!

izici Jikelele lesikhumbuzo

Ekhatsi Kiev, Golden Amasango ungomunye izimpawu eyinhloko-dolobha nezakhamuzi ezathinteka ngayo. Zonke izimenywa yokuqala zonke indlela kule nto.

UNikolai Zakrevskii kanye ngokuthi lokhu lesikhumbuzo "esingenantengo ifa bemibuso Kiev lasendulo". Esikhathini esiyiminyaka zangaphambi Mongol ekhatsi Kiev Golden Gate ukhonza njengelungu esangweni emaphakathi edolobheni. Leli gama kungenzeka ezikutholile afana waseConstantinople Golden Gate. Lokhu singasho sithi umncintiswano yangasese, eyaqala phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili ayizikhondlakhondla yesikhathi.

Golden Gate ekhatsi Kiev: umlando lesikhumbuzo

Usuku olunembile ukwakhiwa Golden Gate mlando, ngeshwa, angazi. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ebhaliwe kubo sihlehlela emuva 1037. Iningi lezazi esithambekele ukucabanga ukuthi ukwakhiwa Golden Gate ekhatsi Kiev kwaqala ngo 1017 futhi yathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa.

La masango babé central (umbukiso) umnyango edolobheni lasendulo. Kuyinto ngabo ekhatsi Kiev kuza ngemuva kwamanye amazwe kanye nezinye izimenywa ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu igolide, futhi idolobha bekulokhu Lyadsky futhi Zhydivsky esangweni. Nokho, lezi zakhiwo kube yilolu suku ungazange lalondolozwa. Lyadsky esangweni, ngasendleleni, Itholakala yesimanje Independence Square.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Gate Golden kuphela babe itshe (lonke - emthini), abenze cishe ungenakunqotshwa ngaleso sikhathi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngisho Batu Khan akazange alinge ukugqekeza umuzi ngaleyo ndlela, ngokukhetha Kiev lokushaya Lyadsky Khreshchatyi amasango izindonga kwesigodi.

Kwakufana Gate Golden?

Akwaziwa onjani lalinesango ngesikhathi Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile. Nokho, sibonga ucwaningo mlando wakwazi ukuthola nemingcele esiqondile isakhiwo. Ngakho, maphakathi esangweni umbhoshongo waba ukuphakama 13 metres, ububanzi 10.5 kanye nobude 17.6 amamitha. It is eyaziwa ngokuthi isonto isango esisogwini umbhoshongo. Ngakho, ukuphakama Imininingwane leSango Golden safinyelela amamitha 32.

Ngemva ukuthunjwa Kiev ngu amaMongol (1240) futhi ngekhulu XVI, lokhu lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo ayitholakali yimiphi mibhalo. Kodwa ngeminye yemithombo XVII kwekhulu abakhuluma kakade mayelana lokuthi kweSango Golden lisesimweni agugile. Ikakhulukazi, Martin Gruneveg e 1584, ukhumbula ukuthi "iSango Golden namanje emi e Kiev, kodwa iningi labo -. Wabhubhisa"

Kabusha nokubuyisela lesikhumbuzo

Imizamo yokuqala ukonga izakhiwo ise-yalolucwaningo 30 kwekhulu XIX. Ngakho, amanxiwa baye embozwe Turf, futhi izindonga zigcwele isixazululo nge-limestone. Ngo-1837, unjiniyela Mehovich waqinisa odongeni esempumalanga esangweni buttresses eqinile. Nokho, lesikhumbuzo uyaqhubeka ukuze ugoqe bedle i kwezulu ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Bese kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe ku esangweni inkundla ezazingathandi kuphela ukubavikela, kodwa futhi ukuba ubuyisele ukubonakala yokuqala kweSango Golden lasendulo.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha imisebenzi ziye ngokugcwele igcwaliswe 1982. Uqondisa restorers umsebenzi Lopushinsky E., S. noN Vysotskii Holostenko. Ngenxa kabusha, ephethwe ukubuyisela ukubukeka yokuqala kweSango Golden: crenellated umbhoshongo ukuphakama kwamamitha 14 lakhiwa, futhi ohlangothini - isananyathiselwe umbhoshongo omncane ngesimo Iwumbono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi wahlela ukwakhiwa the real lift esangweni, isibonelo labo okuyinto ziye zalondolozwa Suzdal futhi Novgorod.

Thina kabusha futhi isango isonto ngesimo ethempelini oluyingungu. Kwakuthinta ehlotshiswe emaphethini isitini zokuhlobisa, evamile mbumbulu zezakhiwo we Kievan Rus. Ngaphakathi phansi ibandla ehlotshiswe yamatshe, akwazi phansi St Sophia lasendulo.

Metro station "Golden Gate"

Kiev - akuyona kuphela Laurel, izakhiwo zasendulo, amasonto kanye nasemigwaqweni ubudala. Lena ngempela idolobha lesimanje emikhulu, amabhuloho futhi izinhlelo ngobukhulu kaMasipala e-Europe. Kuze kube manje, Kiev Metro yakhiwa imisho emithathu (ezimbili - yakhelwe) nge iziteshi 52. Esihlokweni esifanayo, kungaba okufanelekile ukuba sikusho kuphela omunye wabo, esemgwaqweni nje eduze esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Lokhu - esiteshini "Golden Gate".

Kiev ilungele sokujabulisa izivakashi nge ubuhle bayo, hhayi kuphela ngaphezu komhlaba kodwa futhi ngenzansi. Futhi kulesi siteshi - isiqinisekiso ecacile! Kuyinto uhlu eziteshini amahle kakhulu emhlabeni, hhayi elilodwa. izincwadi onegunya eziningana ( "The Guardian" ngo-2014, "Bootsnall" ngo-2011 futhi "I-Daily Telegraph" ngo-2012) wenza esiteshini eKiev ngo izilinganiso zabo.

It wafakwa ukusebenza ngo-1989. Zonke vaults ngaphakathi ahlotshiswe ngezithombe KaMose nemihlobiso, zonke - akuyona okuphindaphindiwe. Futhi uma ukundlula esiteshini ohlangothini ngokwewashi, kubonakala ngokucacile kuyofikwa cishe wonke umlando yonke indawo yedolobha lasendulo. Kulesi - gqamisa eyinhloko metro station "Golden Gate". Kiev kanye nentuthuko yayo yonke indlela evulekile ngokuphelele izivakashi ajulile.

History of the esiteshini "Golden Gate" kuyajabulisa kakhulu. Phela, lihlotshiswe ngesi-Ukraine abantu isitayela, ngesithombe yesonto, lwalungamukelekile esimweni ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona-Soviet. Kodwa kwakungenzeka kanjani lokhu ukuba kwenzeke ngo-80, ngesikhathi kuqala ukwakhiwa okwenzeka? Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, kwaba wazivelela.

Ababhali yephrojekthi - Vadim futhi Boris Zhezherin - ngicashela uMklami Omkhulu woMphathi yokuthi ekuklanyweni esiteshini esizayo kuyoba khona ukweqisa "impermissible". Kanjeyana they baziveza ingozi enkulu, njengoba eSoviet Union kule yayingatholakala, futhi isikhathi eside. Nokho, ukwakhiwa langempela esiteshini yaze yaqala ngo-1989, lapho isimiso samaSoviet cishe non-akukho. Ngakho, edolobheni, sibonga isibindi Zhezherin, isiteshi kumnandi okuyinto sokugxila ngokuphelele yonke ubuqiniso Kiev - unina amadolobha Russian.

Lesi siqiwu emhlabeni Gate Golden

Uma ozophuma kusuka esiteshini phezulu, uzothola uzicabange amahle sisekhaya mini-epaki ozungezayo kweSango Golden. Lokhu siqiwu isikhumbuzo landscape, ngaphandle kulo Kunzima ukucabanga isakhiwo omuzi wasendulo.

Lesi siqiwu ubukeka lesikhumbuzo kufaneleka kakhulu Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile. Kukhona njalo eziningi izivakashi nezakhamizi ezejwayelekile holidaymakers unyaka wonke.

esikhundleni isiphetho

Mighty emfuleni Dnepr, amathempeli yasendulo, izindlu kanye nomlando omkhulu, esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo esiyingqayizivele - konke lokhu, kusobala, kuba eKiev. Golden Gate - into eyigugu kwamasiko, esinye sezakhiwo endala eMpumalanga Yurophu, okuyinto mayelana ukugubha yeminyaka yayo! Nakuba kule enhlokodolobha Ukraine, kufanele kube ngokuyinhloko ukuvakashela leli lesikhumbuzo ethile.