Palmyra, Syria: umlando kanye nencazelo yalo muzi wasendulo

Palmyra (Syria) ingenye yamadolobha amadala kakhulu emhlabeni. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kulo muzi kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni 900 BC. Palmyra mthetho kuze kube yilolu suku amakhosi asendulo aziwa. Kukhona iphutha lokho kuvukela, wokugoqa kwemibuso, usongo, nezinye izinqubo eziningi zomlando. Umklamo basendulo liye lasinda kuze kube namuhla futhi iyingqayizivele ngempela. Nokho, ngo-2015 i-amanxiwa edolobha lasendulo baqothulwa amaphekula "state amaSulumane."

Selokhu kwathi nhlo

I endulo komuzi kungahlolwa okungenani ku yokuthi eBhayibhelini kukhona incazelo inqaba ezifana Palmyra. Syria ngesikhathi kwakungelona isimo esisodwa. On insimu yalo lalibuswa amakhosi ezahlukene nezinhlanga. Uhlamvu owaziwa waseBhayibhelini - INkosi uSolomoni - wanquma usethe iTadimori (igama wangaphambili) njengoba inqaba yokuvikela ngokumelene kuphangwa umAramu. Lena kwakuyindawo ekahle empambana kuyo imizila yohwebo. Kodwa ngokushesha emva ukwakhiwa umuzi wabhujiswa emkhankasweni Nuavuhodnosora cishe ngokuphelele. Kodwa indawo enhle kakhulu utshelwa abanikazi entsha ukwakha isiphetho. Kusukela manje lapha njalo weza abathengisi abacebile yezikhulu. Ngesikhashana nje komnikazi ehlane, Palmyra waba umbuso.

Namahemuhemu ingcebo enkulu baye basakaza ngisho eYurophu. Sam waseRoma ngafunda ukuthi esigodini Ewufrathe kukhona unspeakably edolobheni elihle Palmyra. Syria ngenkathi kancane kulawulwa AmaParte, ngubani yayisempini neRoma. Ngakho-ke, amasosha imperial wanquma ukuthatha edolobheni, kodwa lemizamo ungazange yimpumelelo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva induna Antonine lwamakhosi namanje wathatha iTadimori. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi edolobheni futhi ezizungezile endaweni yaba ikoloni lamaRoma. Kodwa yemfanelo abaphathi bendawo wanikeza enwetshiwe amalungelo zazingekho ezinye emazweni ayenqotshiwe.

Nombuso omkhulu

Le mpi phezu nsimu ebanzi kakhulu kunenani ukulawula esifundazweni Palmyra. Syria ingenye nantathu ogwadule, lapho akunakwenzeka ukuba ahlale. Ngakho ukulawula kule ndawo kwakuxhomeke bamba izinqaba eziningana ISIZINDA. Ubani elawulwa endaweni phakathi kolwandle esigodini Ewufrathe, ukuthi baba nethonya wonke ehlane. Njengoba idolobha ekude kakhulu emazweni emaphakathi Roman, kwakuvame ukuvukela dolobha. Noma kunjalo, Palmyra ubelokhu wahlala sifundazwe uma kuqhathaniswa ezimele, elandela isibonelo LamaGreki yedolobha nezinqubomgomo. amandla kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba esikhathini sonke sokubusa Queen Zenobia. Ngo Tamdor waxosha abathelisi abavela kulo lonke elase eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Esakhiwe amathempeli omangalisayo nezigodlo. Ngakho-ke Zenobia ngaqala ukuzama ukubazi ngokuphelele lahlani ejokeni lamaRoma. Nokho, uAurelian, uMbusi WaseRoma, benze ngokushesha ngokwanele wahamba nebutho lakhe baye emingceleni ezikude. Ngenxa yalokho, amaRoma anqoba Palmyra, futhi Indlovukazi yezwa bathunjwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqala ukwehla elinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu endulo.

kwelanga

Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa Zenobia idolobha yayisalokhu ngaphansi kokuhlolisisa eduze bemaRoma. Abanye bazama kabusha futhi ubuyisele ukubonakala yasekuqaleni Palmyra. Nokho, imizamo yabo ungazange yimpumelelo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-8 AD leminyaka kuphangwa Arab okwenzeka, okwaphumela Palmyra kwaphinde ezibhuqiwe. Ngemva kwalokho, kuphela settlement encane wasala esifundazweni enamandla. Nokho, iningi ezikhumbuzo walondoloza, ephile kuze kube manje futhi kuze 2015 kwaba ngaphansi kwesivikelo "UNESCO". Syria - Palmyra, lwaleli lokunqoba alokhu emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa, ikakhulukazi - kwaba Mecca yangempela kwezivakashi. Nokho, izinto zishintshile.

Palmyra: idolobha lase-Aramu sokuthi namuhla

Kusukela 2012, eSiriya yombango eyachitha igazi eliningi. Ngu-2016, kusenzima hhayi phezu, futhi abangu-bonke ubuso obusha. Entwasahlobo ka-2015 Palmyra baba inkundla. Thanda ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, isifundazwe iphuzu nodal sokuphatha ehlane. Lapha iya umzila osendaweni kubalulekile Deir ez-Zor. Kwaba ngaphansi kokulawula amasosha kahulumeni Bashar Assad. Okuningi ebusika Tamdor sifundazwe amasosha ngesinyenyela inhlangano yamaphekula "Islamic State of Iraq kanye baseLevant". Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa bezama ngiwuthathe umuzi, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya.

ekubhujisweni

Nokho, ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amabutho esemqoka ye ngilapho amasosha kahulumeni ayehla matasa kakhulu kwezinye izici, izidlamlilo yahlasela ku Palmyra. Ngemva kwesonto abanolaka lokulwa LIH wakwazi ukuthatha idolobha futhi ezizungezile endaweni. Lokhu kwalandelwa uchungechunge kucekwa kwabantu. Namabutho waqala kokubhubhisa izikhumbuzo lasendulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abashokobezi baye bavumela okuthiwa "archeologists abamnyama" ukuba basebenze edolobheni. Point uthola bona lithengise ngomgunyathi ngenkokhelo emba eqolo. Lawo masayithi ukuthi akuzona transportable, zichithwe. Isethelayithi izithombe uqinisekise ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi kuthiwa kusulwe ebusweni cishe zonke izakhiwo esakhiweni lapho eyake yaba umuzi Palmyra. Syria uhlala esimweni zinqobe, ngakho-ke akwaziwa noma ukushiya le mpi esabekayo iyiphi ezikhumbuzo ukuze izizukulwane zethu.