Franz von Papen: Biography, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, izithombe

Omunye walabo bantu isiphetho usibonise umusa njalo, owayengusombusazwe German futhi ohlakaniphile uFranz von Papen. Phakathi nesikhathi eside ukuthi wayevame on the esengozini yokufa, noma okungenani embundwini ejele. Nokho, isikhathi ngasinye eshisiwe wajabula ukumsindisa enkingeni, bese uvumele ukuphila ukuguga, yena ngokucacile kungafanele.

Youth luka-Crusaders

Yena waba nenhlanhla ukuba azalelwe ozala umninindawo, omunye wozalo luka-umndeni lasendulo knightly, okhokho kanye sagibela amagquma ezinothuli Palestine. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1879. Njengoba kufanele kube emndenini ezihloniphekayo, umfana yethiwa igama eside enjalo, ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ongase akwazi ukulibiza ku umoya ofanayo - Frants Yozef Herman Michael Maria von Papen.

Ubusha, ingcebo futhi igama edume - yini enye edingekayo i-career brilliant and umshado wakhe ukuhlabana? Okuningi nge fluff bobusha ku ezihlathini zakhe, wayesefile kakade isikhulu Jikelele Abasebenzi, futhi ngokushesha akazange anqikaze ahlele aphinde ibhizinisi lomndeni wabo ngokushada umakoti acebe Germany - indodakazi futhi indlalifa yowesifazane ematheni magnate ezinkulu, kumnikazi wenkampani Villeroy & Boch, omunye ehola izitsha zobumba abakhiqizi .

Ukuphela umsebenzi wezempi

Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, uFranz von Papen wahlangana e-United States, njengoba German attache lempi. Nokho, esikhathini esithile, usomaqhinga abasha wenza miscalculation futhi yicala lobunhloli futhi umbuso, waxoshwa kuleli zwe. Lapho ngibuyela ekhaya, wayesemsebenzini impi elwa ngendlela encomekayo eBelgium, Alsace, Latoringii kanye esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yeFrance.

Ngo-1918, uFranz von Papen umhlalaphansi ebuthweni lempi njengoba sombutho wezempi. Ngaphambi ukuthi wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona kummeleli German Jikelele Abasebenzi ebuthweni Turkish, okuyinto wazama Palestine ukuba simelane uyeza kwezinhloko zamaviyo British. Ujoyine umlando wakhe futhi nezingxoxo ezingabazisayo ne Republican Irish, sithenge ngasese kusuka izikhali German ukulwa enempi neNkosi yakhe Queen.

Rise umsebenzi wezepolitiki

Ukuba ongekho empini, von Papen, njengoba kufanele indoda of circle wakhe, wazinikela ezombusazwe, akhonza njengesigaba oyiphini Prussian Landtag (Zemsky ePhalamende) kusuka iSonto Centre Party. Ngekhono elawula phakathi imisinga ezahlukene zezombusazwe, ngo-1932 wakwazi ukuthatha okuthunyelwe undunankulu ngaphansi Hindenburg, kodwa ukuze uhlale ehhovisi izinyanga ezinhlanu kuphela - ulilethele ukuntuleka pheze ephelele yesaphothi Reichstag.

Igcina isimo, wazama ukwakha umfelandawonye by ekuheheni ngakuye amaphuzu ke ukuphoqa National Socialist Party. Nokho, uFranz von Papen kanye Hitler ayengakwazi ukuvumelana. Hitler wayenezincwadi wayemagange yomuntu oyedwa umthetho bese engafuni wabelane ngazo nanoma ubani. Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kuka-December 1932 uhulumeni sase sachithwa, ikhanda lakhe kwaba okwesikhashana emsebenzini.

Iphutha Usekela-Shansela

Ngemva kokuzalwa von Papen walokho ingcebo igama ezidumile, ukhanda wayemnike kanye izimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuze inqubomgomo kuhle: gade ahlakaniphile, Nomfutho, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ongenazimiso. Nge kulo nyaka emva ukwesula kwakhe ngempoqo uFranz von Papen - Shansela weNyuvesi-Third Reich, wadala nesitha sakhe zangaphambilini zezombusazwe kwe-Adolf Hitler.

Nokho, ukwanda ekhungathekisayo enjalo ngokushesha cishe samlahlekisela ngokuphila kwakhe. Isizathu salokho usekhonze njengephayona inkulumo eyashiwo von Papen ngoJuni 1934. Kuyo, nesibindi ukuveza ukweseka nebhizinisi kanye elite zezimali yezwe, unganelisekile Abashisekeli amaNazi kanye mpendulo yayo sezenhlalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi usesimweni wobushiqela yimuphi umbono, iphikisana inqubomgomo umholi kubhekwa amambuka futhi bajeziswe kanzima. Kulokhu, nashkodivshego Usekela-Shansela ophulwa lokufa ngu umngane wakhe omkhulu Goering.

Nokho, kwakungekhona zokugcina sehlakalo ekuphileni kwakhe. Franz von Papen, ogama biography nasesikhathini esizayo kuyoba ngokugcwele ezimweni ezibucayi nga which he sekukhona bathinteka njalo, uyisibonelo biography of minion fortune kweqiniso.

Ambassador senzelwe ekuhlatshweni

Ukugwema ulaka ephezulu abathanda ifilosofi yakhe, kodwa ilahlekile okuthunyelwe matasa ngaphambi, ngo-1934, von Papen waqokwa Ambassador-German e-Austria. Ukuzama nakanjani kute silungise iwayini elidala, walungiselela ukwesekwa olunzulu zonke izinhlobo lwezinhlangano zasendaweni pro-German ubuzwe. Kodwa esikhundleni zokubonga uyaphinda futhi esengozini ukufa.

Iqiniso lokuthi ekuthatheni Austria, wehlela emlandweni ngaphansi kwegama Anshlyuz, uHitler kwakudingeka izaba ozwakalayo. Futhi yini ebingaba ezifanele ezingaphezu kuka ngemuva kokubulawa? Kuze kube yimanje, uhlelo yasungulwa, owawuthi von Papen futhi indima okuhloswe we iyisisulu esingenacala. Ukuze injabulo yakhe, ngo-January 1938, ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi ayehlasela German Austria, amaphoyisa atheleka endlunkulu amaNazi zendawo, futhi izandla zakhe imibhalo asikhanyisela ngemithwalo leli cebo esikhohlisayo. Ngakho, owayeyinzalo yalo Crusaders futhi wasinda ngokulambisa.

I okunye misadventures ka usomaqhinga

Ngokuzayo isiphetho ithuba bawa ukulondoloza von Papen ekufeni ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, kodwa lena kwakungeyona empini. Ngokujabulisayo ukugwema phambi, wahlala iminyaka emihlanu, ebambe isikhundla inxusa German eTurkey. Nokho, kude ukuphila okungcono harbored ezingozini eziningi. Ngalesi sikhathi, uye wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze "ukususa" eSoviet imfihlo amaphoyisa, anomsebenzi ukuvimbela Ambassador-German ukukholisa uhulumeni Turkish ukubamba iqhaza empini ohlangothini yaseJalimane. Nokho, kukhona inhlanhla kwaba ohlangothini von Papen.

It ayikashintshi kuye ngisho nangemva-Third Reich egqilazwe amabutho wamabutho Allied. Ukuboshwa ekuphathweni lempi lesishiyagalolunye US Army, futhi phakathi kwabanye amaNazi eyabonakala ngesikhathi eNuremberg semikhumbi, yena utholwe. Franz von Papen hhayi kuphela kugwenywe esigodweni, lapho waya abangane bakhe abadala, ngisho esitokisini.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi impilo zeziyaluyalu

Nokho, eminyakeni emibili yokuphila kwakhe kwakusadingeka ukuchitha ejele. Ngo-1947, okuthunyelwe kwempi, iJalimane Kwakuwumsebenzi for de-Nazification - hlanza umphakathi German emiphumeleni ye zamaNazi. Ukuze von Papen yena kade lingaphansi nokuzitika ngaphandle eNuremberg Tribunal, futhi yamgweba iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ebhadla ejele. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emibili Baziqeshela abameli wenza umsebenzi omuhle, futhi kwaba mahhala.

Kakade lapho esekhulile Frants Fon Papen, isithombe zazo okusesihlokweni esithi, bakhathele kwezombangazwe, wasuka wazinikela ukuba ngokubhala Umlando wakhe. Njengoba umlobi wayengumuntu kwande kakhulu, futhi esikhathini ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, elandela ngo-1969, ishicilele nenani lezincwadi. Kuwo, njalo bazama ukuthethelela inqubomgomo eJalimane ngemva uHitler eqala ukubusa.