Church of the intercession e Fili. Church of the intercession e Fili

Church of the intercession e Fili yakhiwa kuleli ekuqaleni 1690 sika, endaweni ye Manor ezweni Boyar L. K. Naryshkina. Ithempeli inezingxenye ezimbili. Eyokuqala wabo - Church of the intercession - kubhekwa phansi, kanti eyesibili - uMsindisi - esibizwa phezulu. Leli thempeli enhle wayebhekwa njengomuntu ngobuciko isitayela eyingqayizivele Naryshkin. Lokhu izakhiwo lesikhumbuzo iphathelene rannepetrovskomu isikhathi. Isonto koMsindisi ubukeka kuyafana ukwakhiwa. Ingaphakathi layo eliyingqayizivele izithombe Kirill Ulanov futhi Karp Zolotarev ngasinda ngokuyisimangaliso futhi kwaqhubeka kukhona kwaze kwaba namuhla.

isonto lokhuni

Isonto lokuqala ne Chapel of the Conception St. Anne, elakhiwa ngo-Fili, senziwa ngokhuni. Onga idokhumenti, othi ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo e 1619. Ngaleso sikhathi, la mazwe kwakungekaNkulunkulu isikhulu Mstislavsky. Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-Church of the intercession e Fili sekukhona sibonga izenzakalo ezibaluleke ehlangene Isikhathi Nezinkinga. Ekwindla ka-1618 Hetman Sagaidachnyi kanye Polish Prince Władysław wazama umbelesele izindonga eMoscow. amabutho Russian bakwazi ukuxosha zonke ukuhlaselwa lesitha. Lo mcimbi omkhulu kwaba sekupheleni ukudideka nokubhubhisa we State eMoscow.

abavikeli bekubona sohlobo oluthile ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile njengeNdawo Virgin. Futhi ngemva wanquma ukwakha amathempeli amaningana. It Pokrovsky Church Medvedkovo, isibanda, Fili futhi Izmailov.

Manor Isakhiwo

Ngo 1689, ezweni lapho edolobhaneni Fili, enanikelwa kuyo kuya boyar Naryshkinu Lvu Kirillovichu. Wayengumuntu, uyisekazi ka-Tsar uPetru I. Umnikazi omusha ngokushesha waqala kuhlomisa impahla yabo entsha. Ekuqaleni, wakha indlu esiqinile ngezinto ezingashi umbhoshongo kanye clock kuso, khona-ke izindlu ahlukahlukene: lwemithombo, ezitebeleni kanye ngamamitha bestial. Manor waba enkulu yezithelo kanye ipaki elihle kula masimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwase kukhona amachibi Cascading eziningana senziwa ubuchwepheshe entsha ye isikhathi.

legend

Kodwa isakhiwo main, okuyinto eyingoduso Naryshkin, kwakukhona esontweni Fili. Legend uthi umlando wayo wokwakha kuhlobene eduze ezenzeka ngesikhathi ukuvukela Archer e-1682. Athanasius futhi Ivan - ngenkathi abazalwane abacibisheli Naryshkin amadala abulawa. Encane, Lev Kirillovich, ngokuyisimangaliso wakwazi ukubaleka. Wabe wathembisa ukuthi uma wasinda, qiniseka Phakamisani isonto yokudumisa Blessed Virgin Mary, futhi kukhunjulwa abafowabo ababefile.

Sekuphele iminyaka engu-7 kusukela aphunyuke. Zuza ezweni elisha, akazange abakhohlwe isithembiso sakhe. Naryshkin wabeka isonto elisha zamatshe lokulabhela Virgin.

ethempelini itshe

Njengoba wazi, ubuphansi bekulokhu intercession Church, ngakho behlonipha lo mkhosi ongcwele lanikezelwa aphansi (ebusika) ethempelini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi usuku oluqondile ukwakhiwa ayaziwa, kusukela wonke amadokhumenti babeshiswa esithandweni umlilo 1712. Church of the intercession at Fili, ogama isitayela uphelele esontweni endlini, kwaba sibukeka kahle futhi wanelise look nenhle. Naryshkin eyakhelwe okunethezeka Kwakufanele babonise kwamadoda asebukhosini, gentility nengcebo ayibuyisele kumnikazi wayo, kanye nazo zonke izimfanelo ababe esivela kuwo.

isitayela esiyingqayizivele

Mangisho ukuthi isitayela egqamile futhi original ukuthi sekukhona ekuqa- XVII-XVIII eminyaka futhi kamuva waba ehola Russian art lathumela, iye yabizwa ngokuthi i-Naryshkin kungenxa Filevskaya ethempelini.

izakhiwo ezinjalo zazibiza kakhulu, ngakho ukwakhiwa yabo ayenamandla okukwenza kuphela izicukuthwane acebile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igama isitayela kunalokho ezingafanele. Yebo, Church of the intercession e Fili kubangelwa ikakhulu leli qiniso, kodwa ngaphezu ke ezakhiwa nezinye izikhumbuzo lakhiwa amalungu uhlobo lwe of Naryshkin.

umhlobiso yesonto

Njengoba umkhaya umnikazi izindlu kwakungu esiseduzane endlini yesikhosini ukukhazinyuliswa inkosi yakwa lwamakhosi kaPetru Angikwazanga kodwa kuthinta kokubili zangaphandle kanye umhlobiso yangaphakathi yesonto. Ubufakazi esicace ukuthi kukhona iziphambano esisogwini izinhlangothi empumalanga nasentshonalanga, abakhiphe ebandleni. Bona ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele ukhozi kabili esinamakhanda - uphawu wekuba sive, kanye kuvulandi encane ngasentshonalanga ibizwa ngokuthi ibhokisi wasebukhosini.

Konke lokhu kwaba Sibonga kungenzeka yokuthi Naryshkin uqobo wahlanganyela umhlobiso esontweni entsha itshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi Tsar uPetru Ngiphinde ngifake isandla sami kuwo. Ukuze sakhe ngamnyama endaweni yomcebo isimo ibe nhle isonto ducats angamakhulu amane ngegolide. Ngokusho yetinsita inkosi ngokwayo ngezinye izikhathi wafika Philly, kodwa ungalokothi wathatha ibhokisi agodliwe eliqonde kuye, futhi kwaba ekwayeni, okuyinto wahlabelela ekhwayeni.

Ngo-1705 i-Church of the lokulabhela Virgin e Fili ukuthi lihlotshiswe enhle ingilazi ibala indondo nge ingilazi enombala. Baletha yena Naryshkin Narva, unqotshwe uPetru I. Zahlekwa isithombe yemifino imihlobiso imali, izigcawu kusukela ukuphila waseBhayibhelini kanye elingenamikhono ezihlotshisiwe knight sika izikhali.

Ukuvuselela

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengamakhulu angu amathathu ukubukeka isonto Filevskaya ngokuphindiwe okushintshiwe. I zomlando eziye zatholakala imidwebo lokhu lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, esukela ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Siyabonga kubo, kwathi ezitebhisini, wakha ekuqaleni ukuthi okushintshiwe phakathi nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva eyenziwa esontweni ngaphansi kokuqondisa Kazakova M. F. Kodwa phezulu esontweni ezigcinwe ifomu Sills yayo yasekuqaleni eyenziwe ngemabula yokufakelwa.

Umthelela yezimpi

Impi Patriotic ka 1812 unyaka abangu ebuhlungu kakhulu ithempeli. Wayelethwa okwalapha aphanga amasosha French. Futhi umonakalo omkhulu alethwe naye futhi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngithathe isiqiniseko eziningi ziye zakubona izithombe amasonto namathempeli libhujiswa ngamabhomu.

nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva waya kakhulu kancane futhi ngezikhathi ezithile iminyaka engu-25 (1955-1980). umnikelo omkhulu ukusindisa isikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele esenziwe abaklami Ilenko I. V futhi Mihaylovskiy E. V.

sokubuyiselwa

Isinyathelo sokuqala isethelwe ukubuyisela olungaphambili lwesonto sakhiwo. Baye libuyiselwe futhi inhloko leziziphambano, emhlophe itshe phansi futhi ifenisha. Singasho ukuthi kwaba kulelibandla kwagcwaliseka zikagesi, okuyinto zanciphisa zonke izakhiwo yezakhiwo Naryshkin isitayela.

Kuze kube manje, akwaziwa ukuthi i-umbala izindonga isakhiwo babedabuka. Kuyinto edabukisayo ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba uthathe izithombe amasonto namathempeli. Kepha manje siyakuthi Akekho owaziyo. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi izindonga kungaba into efanayo zethempeli-zintathu Ongcwele, esemgwaqweni KuZiqu-zintathu-Lykov. Yakhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba Church of the intercession e Fili nomfowethu omncane Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin - Martemyan. Izindonga zipendwe lenyoka ethempelini, ulingisa zemabula. Zona lokuqala izingqimba upende, elikwaziyo ukuthola isonto Filevskiy kungokwalabo ngekhulu XVIII. Khona-ke waba nombala oluhlaza.

Isiwombe sesibili emsebenzini wokulungisa lwaluqala ekuseni 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Ithempeli yanikwa Central Museum, onguchwepheshe wakudala. Manje iwumgomo oyinhloko kwaba lokuphinda ingaphakathi. Ekukhulunyelweni LamaKatolika akuzange uneminye imihlobiso yokuqala, ngakho ukubuyisela umhlobiso XVIII-XIX eminyaka kwadingeka ngokoqobo kusukela ekuqaleni.

Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa akwenziwa ngezinkulumo nje kuphela ezansi, kodwa futhi ebandleni engenhla. umzamo Iningi liye okunikezwa ukubuyiselwa intambo ahlukile ehlotshisiwe iconostasis, kanye abahlabeleli, Kyoto futhi ibhokisi wasebukhosini.

Ekuqaleni, the letincane kanye engenhla Interiors isonto awazange ngesineke. Ukukhethwa wayewukuphela umzimba esontweni uMsindisi. Kube kufanele imidwebo abuyiselwe esibonisa New Testament zintathu ikanye nezingelosi ayisishiyagalolunye. Futhi ebandleni engenhla yasala dengwane kamuva imidwebo, eyabhalwa XIX leminyaka.

Ngenxa iminyaka eminingi umsebenzi odinga isineke ngempela futhi onzima abaklami eziningi restorers yesonto uthole ukuphila yesibili. Bakwazi ukuqhubeka baze ezinhle ngempela lesikhumbuzo Naryshkin isitayela kabusha ukubukeka yokuqala ethempelini.