Engels: labantu, isimo sezulu, ngemvelo futhi ezikhangayo

Idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu zaseSaratov esifundeni - Engels, Umshicilelo kabani labantu libonisa engaguquki Dynamics omuhle - ine umlando ezithakazelisayo futhi ezikhangayo. isiphetho izakhamizi ukuthi edolobheni bunohlamvu yaso ehlukile enhle, ukuphila kuwo kahle futhi wesilisa. Nakuba isibalo sabantu Engels dolobha ihlangabezana eziningi izinkinga kanye nobunzima njengoba emzini Russia.

geography

City Engels, Umshicilelo esinabantu siphenya, elise 7 km kusuka esifundeni dolobha - Saratov - ogwini omunye wemifula ngobukhulu Russian - the iVolga. edolobheni ine indawo 115 amakhilomitha square. Lesi sivumelwano ikhona eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-East European Plain, ukhululekile emzini landscape ngezinyawo, ngaphandle iziqongo ezinkulu kanye emikhombeni. Umuzi uyizinhlangothi emgqeni coast, okuyinto has a kokuphakama omnene kuya eningizimu. Ukuphakama kuyinto 15 amamitha ukusuka ogwini ukuze iphuzu esiphezulu eningizimu 40 amamitha.

Indawo zasemizaneni - eningizimu-mpumalanga European Russia, Lower iVolga esifundeni. Ibanga kusukela capital Engels kuyinto 870 km. Insimu edolobheni Sekuyisikhathi eside alondoloza zemvelo ezaziwayo. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu zemvelo komhlaba amadamu amanzi. Ukuphumelela nokuthuthukisa umuzi uye njalo olunikezwa ukusondela we wemanti enamandla futhi ezokuthutha - the iVolga. Ngalesi mfula phakathi komuzi wagijima neziningi ukuhweba, okuyinto nethonya elihle ku-inani labantu Engels. Namuhla, isici main ukuzinza somuzi isondele esifundeni dolobha - Saratov.

Isimo sezulu

Leli dolobha kule indawo ye ngokulinganisela sezulu yezwekazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isibalo sabantu Engels has a nehlobo elifudumele, ngisho kushisa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezomile futhi ubusika kuqhathaniswa abandayo. Seasonality e evelele. Isimo sezulu ngokuvamile efudumele ehlobo, Le nyanga yaziwa ngokushisa - July, lapho ukushisa okuvamile kuba emhlabeni 22 degrees Celsius, izinga lokushisa ngokuvamile antante amadijithi 40. Winter ngempela kubanda, kodwa yesithwathwa ezinzima ngokuvamile zihlala esingaphansi kwesonto - amabili. Inyanga enomoya - Januwari, lapho ukushisa okuvamile kuba esifundeni kwamadijithi -10, kodwa kungase kube yesithwathwa ukuba -20-25 degrees.

Inzika Engels ngokwanele, isilinganiso siyizinsuku ezingu-12-15 kanye kwezulu ngenyanga. Inyanga driest - April, ezinemvula eningi kunazo zonke - Agasti. Spring libhekene fogs njalo, ngokuvamile off-inkathi Asihlali isikhathi eside, cishe inyanga: ku eyishumi yokugcina ngo-March kuya eshumini lokugcina Apreli. Engels ehlobo eside, okungenza ukuthi asehluleki ukujabulisa bendawo, kuthatha kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-April kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-September. Ubusika ngempela snowy futhi ngempela eside. ikhava Snow ngokuvamile efakwe ekupheleni kukaNovemba. Engels idolobha sezulu ngempela ukhululekile ukuze izakhamuzi, futhi lokhu Lesi esinye isizathu esenza ukukhanga zokuhlala.

ngemvelo

Ekuqaleni, Engels ubekade ephephile zone semvelo. I ezizungezile nezimfunda, amahlathi namasimu zibangela izimo ezivumelana ekuphileni. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, amabhizinisi ambalwa enkulu yezimboni ezakhiwa "Khimvolokno" kleyzavod, ukwenziwa inayiloni isitshalo. Ziyakwazi kuhle ichithekile isizinda emvelweni emzini. Kodwa ezikhathini kabusha cishe zonke lezi ukukhiqizwa zavalwa futhi namuhla Engels, Umshicilelo kabani labantu ayisaxhunyanisiwe ekhononda emoyeni ezingcolile, kuba edolobheni ngempela ephephile ngokwesigaba ngemvelo.

Engels njengoba engokwemvelo

City - lena ephilayo imvelo ethize. I ngezinga elithile futhi zisekela kudala preconditions ekukhuleni noma wehlise inombolo zezakhamuzi. Engels, Umshicilelo kabani labantu ukhula kancane kancane, inezici eziningi. Ngakho, ukusondela ukuba Saratov - enhlokodolobha yesifundazwe - ivumela edolobheni ukusebenzisa kakhulu ingqalasizinda yayo, njengokuya ezitolo nokuzijabulisa izikhungo, ezempilo kanye nemfundo. Amadolobha interrelate amabhuloho ezintathu iVolga futhi inani elikhulu imizila yezokuthutha.

Konke lokhu kwenza emzaneni esiyingqayizivele: it ihlanganisa charm ikamelo kwalesi sigodi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inikeza wonke amathuba yaleli dolobha. Engels izakhamizi ngokuvamile ukusebenza futhi ukufunda e Saratov, ufika edolobheni kusihlwa futhi ngezimpelasonto. Nakuba emzaneni has a inombolo ezanele izindawo umsebenzi nemfundo. Iqiniso lokuthi izakhamizi ungakaze uhlangabezane nakho nobunzima ekutholeni zonke izimpahla ezidingekayo futhi azuze ezinkonzweni, kuvikeleka kutenhlalo sabantu ukhathazekile. Engels libhekene kahle esikhulu igcinwe sibonga lingakanani encane ikuvumela ukuba ukuhlonza ngokushesha izinkinga. Ingabe umuzi owawusesifundeni umkhawuko wesikhathi "Isikhathi eMoscow", kanye kulo lonke leli zwe yenqatshwe kwathatha isikhathi kwesizini.

Engels iphuzu obuthakathaka ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha ngokuxhumanisa Iphandle sikhungo, ezokuthutha zomphakathi bagxila kumgwaqo Thalmann e lonke amatekisi uhambo futhi izinqola zokudla, kodwa njalo umsebenzi wabo kunalokho ongaphakeme. Kodwa kuzo zonke izindawo ongafinyelela ngezinyawo, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kungaba umsebenzi onzima ngoba Engels welulela ngasogwini. Inzuzo undoubted somuzi ukungabi pheze ephelele isiminyaminya.

Ngokusemthethweni edolobheni ihlukaniswe ngezigodi eziyisithupha: Central, iVolga, sokufunwa, ugu, kanye Plodosovhoz Awakening emzaneni. Izifunda ziyehluka degree of induduzo wabaphilayo, ngokuvumelana ukutholakala nokuvikeleka ezokuthutha. isifunda ngasinye has esikoleni okungenani eyodwa futhi sabaqalayo, emzaneni izici inqwaba izikhala green.

Population Engels: ubukhulu kanye namandla okubakhona

Inhlalakahle yedolobha, zezenhlalo ukulinganisa ukuzinza yokwanda kwenani lezakhamuzi zakhona. Kuze kube manje, inani labantu Engels ngabantu mayelana ezimbili eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amabili. Kugcinwa Dynamics of the izakhamuzi eziningi sezenziwe kusukela 1897, lapho kwakukhona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-20. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izibalo ezimbili kuphela wabonisa ukwehla kwenani enihlala 2003 no-2009. Ezinye izindaba zika-dolobha lukhula kancane kancane, okubonisa ukuthi izimo zokuphila kukhona eyamukelekayo ngempela.

Engels wadala izimo ukhululekile for abaphilayo kukhona njalo izindawo ezintsha ukusebenza. Employment Centre (Engels) enquma ukuthi izinga lokungasebenzi emzini kugcinwa ngamanani aphansi ukwedlula kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke. Ezikhathini iSoviet, umhlali isilinganiso sokukhula kwaba 3-4% ngonyaka. Phakathi kabusha sibalo wawela 0.5%. Futhi namhlanje ukhula futhi, okuyisilinganiso sabangu-1.7-2%. Izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu kulindeleke ukuba silondoloze ijubane ukukhula , futhi ngisho nje ukwenyuka kancane zabo, okuholela eminyakeni embalwa ukuze sibalo ingqikithi abantu abayizinkulungwane 230. I kwabantu of labantu emaphakathi (2075 abantu per square ikhilomitha), okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ukhululekile ukuba aphile.

Ukwakheka labantu

ukuvikelwa komphakathi sabantu (Engels) ngokuqhubekayo uqaphe indlela yokwakheka somphakathi womuzi. Ukulitadisha kwabo ibonisa ukuthi abesifazane yibona. Lihlala amadoda 98.800 nabesifazane ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 122. Ubudala izici idolobha kungenziwa kukhonjwe nemizana abancane ezikhulayo, cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu bakhona kungokwalabo "ukusebenza yobudala" isigaba.

Inombolo abantwana abazalwa emzini lukhula. Nokho, ukwanda zemvelo sabantu emzini kuyinto ezingeni okungekuhle (-1.7 ngayinye 1,000), ngakho-Dynamics ukukhula kuqinisekiswa ababaleki, ogama inombolo luyanda njalo ngonyaka. Ukwakheka ngokobuhlanga Engels ngokwanele iyunifomu. Mayelana 80% abantu bakuleli batholakale - kuba Russian. Eyesibili inombolo uhlanga - Tatar (3%), kulandele Ukraine (2.5%), Kazakhs (1%), isi-Armenia, Azerbaijanis nabanye.

Employment Engels labantu

Okuphansi ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi namanje Angiqondile emisebentini legcwele Engels izakhamizi. Labantu ukusebenza kuyinto kakhulu ezifunwayo amabhizinisi ezinkulu ezimbonini nemizana base emoyeni esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Zinikeza ukusebenza labantu ogxile besilisa, abesifazane ukuthola umsebenzi ngigeza kungaba nzima. Inani elikhulu labantu abangasebenziko babantu besifazane kusukela eminyakeni engu-30 kuya 55 nge izinga eliphezulu lemfundo. Yakhelwe ukuqeda abangasebenzi Employment Centre (Engels). Imisebenzi wanikela lapha, zivame kakhulu ezihlobene ne ngokugcwalisa izihlalo at amabhizinisi zezimboni kanye nezinkampani service.

Izinkinga labantu kulo muzi

Engels, Umshicilelo e naphezu kwezimo esasibhekene nazo impela okuhle ephilayo, enezinto eziningi izinkinga izinkinga izimpilo labantu. Lezi zihlanganisa ukungabi bikho kwemisebenzi, enezinkinga isimo lobugebengu kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle komuzi, izinga eliphansi amaholo. Mayelana nokwanda kwenani labantu Eminyakeni yamuva ngokucijile kunenkinga nge izinkulisa zokuphepha: izingane eziningi zonke ofanele kuphela iminyaka 4. Nokho, lezi zinkinga eyinqaba kwabakhileyo ezweni lonkana, ngakho kulesi simo engelsity siphile kanye wonke umbuso. Engels yezitolo kancane isikhungo (ezimbili kuphela), kanye nokuzijabulisa izindawo, le nkinga ukuzixazulula kalula uhambo Saratov, kodwa namanje kunomuzwa wokuthi abantu edolobheni ngokuvamile ngalutho.

Umlando we edolobheni

Ngokusemthethweni, idolobha manje iqanjwe Engels, Umshicilelo lalibukeka ngayo 1747. Khona-ke kwamiswa lo ayitholwa isimo ekukhiqizweni usawoti eqolo futhi osendaweni ezibalulekile. Kule ndaba, uMbusi wayala "phambi Saratov 'ngibeke endaweni yokuhlala entsha, okuyinto ozophila soledobytchiki. Ekuqaleni, kwabonakala inqaba ukuthi kuqashelwe ensimini abayimizulane, kancane kancane edolobheni sakhula futhi athuthukiswe.

Idolobhana washintsha amagama amaningana. Ekuqaleni lalibizwa Pokrovskaya Sloboda yokudumisa Isonto lokuqala sokhuni lokulabhela Virgin. kamuva ethempelini washisa, kodwa igama ezintendeni. Ngo-1854, lo jantshi yakhiwa nokukhokha komnikazi, kwaba nomthelela ekwandeni ngokushesha ekukhulunyelweni Sloboda. Kancane kancane, kuba emakethe empumalanga elikhulu the iVolga. Ngo-1914, le ndawo wathola isimo edolobheni futhi waziwa ngokuthi Pokrovsky.

Settlement izikhathi eziningana basukile esifundazweni Saratov e Samara futhi emuva ngo-1919 edolobheni ekugcineni baba ilungu Saratov esifundeni. Ngo-1930, eduze Pokrovsky wakhela uJehova i-base air lapha Yakhiwa ishashalazi lezindiza zempi, ihlelwe isikole ehlobo, lapho isibe omunye okungcono kakhulu kuleli zwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekamu lezempi kwaba isiphetho avaliwe, khona kwaba nethonya elinamandla elihle nokuthuthukisa umuzi.

Ngo-1931 le ndawo futhi uqambe kabusha, kulokhu-ke wathola igama sefilosofi Friedrich Engels, owayebizwa kakhulu kuyahlonishwa isimo abasha baseSoviet. Ngaleso sikhathi, inani labantu Engels, Umshicilelo Saratov esifundeni ngenkuthalo ezikhulayo, idolobha ngenxa kwezimboni uthola amabhizinisi ambalwa enkulu yezimboni, okuyinto enomthelela ukuthuthukiswa yayo.

Ukuwa kweSoviet Union okwesikhathi ehlile ukukhula zasemizaneni, kodwa ngokushesha Engels wakwazi nezimo ezintsha, lokhu kuye kwasiza diversify amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Ngo-1996, ngenxa inhlolovo kwakukhona ubunye edolobheni futhi Engels wesifunda. Namuhla, Engels - stably ukuthuthukisa isiphetho, esesikhundleni ngebuhle nebubi, has ubuso ayo futhi indaba ezithakazelisayo.

Engels umnotho

Iqiniso lokuthi isibalo sabantu Engels idolobha likhula, wachaza iqiniso lokuthi le ndawo kahle emnothweni athuthukile. Namuhla emzini izitshalo ezinkulu eziyisishiyagalolunye ezisebenza ngempumelelo:

- "Bosh Saratov" (imboni yangaphambili yezimoto inhlansi plugs) namuhla ukhiqiza inhlansi plugs ngoba nezimoto kanti futhi sihlanganisa izitshalo ukwenziwa radiators namathuluzi amandla.

- "esiginali", esikhiqiza Aviapribor negesi imishini.

- "Henkel", onguchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa zokwenziwa izinto zokususa amabala.

- "Stankovita" ukhiqiza imishini ukuze umkhakha ifenisha.

- Tube Works.

- Brickyard.

- Ubisi nesinkwa izimboni.

- "Khimvolokno".

- wamabhasi Plant.

Futhi lapha tisebenta, namanye amabhizinisi amaningi: ukukhiqiza kanye service. umnikelo omkhulu emnothweni esifundeni kwenza isizinda emoyeni, abasebenzi inqwaba yezakhamuzi kanti edolobheni edonsela ochwepheshe abancane nemindeni yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Engels ungathola wafundiswa amanyuvesi amabili: Technological Institute kanye Cooperative Institute - noma izikhungo ezintathu-yesibili.

zokungcebeleka

Engels - idolobha elinomlando sasivumela eside, ngakho kukhona into ukubona. Igxila Museum umlando, lapho ungabona isithombe yomuzi omdala futhi izakhamuzi zalo edume kunazo zonke. Zonke evakashele edolobheni qiniseka ukuzobuka isonto Holy Trinity e 1818 ukwakhiwa. ezikhangayo zendawo zihlanganisa i-Awe-Operetta Theatre, yobuciko, Museum-indlu Kassil. Umoya asendulo okungase kuthintwe ngenkathi ehamba emigwaqweni futhi ihlola izakhiwo esikhathini esidlule, ikakhulukazi endlini Petrov ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Inani labantu base-emzini Engels kufanele uyaziqhenya yokuthi eduze kokwehla okwenzeka ngemva kwendiza Yuri Gagarin odumile emkhathini. Lapha yamisa eziyinkimbinkimbi yesikhumbuzo nemikhosi ezinomsindo aphethwe minyaka yonke ukumaka Suku Astronautics.