Kuyinto Emvelweni kanjani?

Phakathi kwezinselele ezinkulu kwekhulu lama-21 kuyinto umbuzo lokuvikela imvelo. Futhi ukusekela ukuvela zezinhlekelele kunomthelela nokungcoliswa imithombo ebalulekile yemvelo - umhlabathi, umoya namanzi - ngokwenza umkhakha imfucuza, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo, inethiwekhi ezokuthutha.

Emissions ezivela amabhizinisi zezimboni ukuziphilisa futhi ezokuthutha izinhlelo (okuyiwona musa ukukhiqiza umthelela lokongiwa kwemvelo) emoyeni, emanzini nasemhlabathini kuze kube manje ziye zafinyelela ngezabelo kungamukeleki. Kwezinye izindawo, ezifana e izikhungo ezinkulu ezimbonini, ukungcola degree kakhulu idlule nezindinganiso zempilo. A indima eyinhloko kule nqubo ye ukungcoliswa kwemvelo udlalwa yi-chemical kanye nophethiloli umkhakha, umkhakha Metallurgical, amandla.

Nasi isibonelo. Inani elikhulu izimboni yesimanje esikhiqiza anobuthi imfucuza ketshezi ukungaguquguquki, esingenakubalwa ngokugculisayo sihlanza futhi ngenxa yalokho, kudingeka nokunwetshiwe ngabodwa zabo kuze kube yilapho kwamazinyo abo emvelo noma yokubola. Lolu hlobo ezingcolisa afakwe impoundments kanye izakhiwo like, ukuqinisekisa ngabodwa yabo ephelele cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, izakhiwo ezifana ngokuzenzekelayo ziba imithombo izidakamizwa ukungena kwamanzi noma ngaphansi komhlaba aquifers okuphuza. umthelela Environmental ukuhlolwa ngempela ukwenziwa ngenxa izinkampani oshiwo ngenhla.

Ukuhlola umthelela imvelo (EIA) siqukethe izindlela nokuhlanganiswa izimfuneko kwezemvelo umtsetfo lokhona ekulungiseleleni owandulelayo simiso kwezomnotho, umklamo kanye nezinye izinqumo. Basuke okuhloswe ngaso zokuvimbela futhi ukuthola ubungozi obukhulu emvelweni nemiphumela zomphakathi kokusebenza kwazo izindiza of imvelo, ezenhlalo izikhungo kanye nomnotho. Emvelweni ihlose ukuchaza kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda utshalomali izindleko izinyathelo kwemvelo Ukuvikelwa.

Ukulungiselela ye-EIA kufanele lusekelwe ohlelweni olukhona izindinganiso isikhulu soMbuso ezindabeni kwemvelo (GOST kusuka 17.1 kuya 17.8), kwezinkambiso wamukela, enquma izinga imvelo, ehlanganisa nokwakhiwa nezenhlanzeko.

Emvelweni - kuwumsebenzi enemisebenzi multi-izigwegwe, elibonisa ulwazi amagatsha amaningana yesayensi. Kusekelwe amaqiniso futhi ulwazi mayelana nesimo esithile semvelo, isenzo bafakela ke esivezwa into. Esikhathini ukulungiselela le-EIA njengoba abadlali bamenyiwe ngokukhethekile ochwepheshe abanolwazi abangamalungu kahle izindlela abakubonisayo ngemikhakha ethile. Ngenxa yabo kumele kube nezenzakalo ezibalulekile futhi izinto zokwakha indawo yakho kusengaphambili sikhungo okuhleliwe.

Okwakushiwo ahlola umthelela izinto imvelo ukuvimbela kunokwenzeka nokucekelwa bedle imisebenzi kwezomnotho kungenzeka, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemvelo endaweni ku into, ukusungulwa ezifanele izimo zokuphila ezivamile sabantu. It kumelwe kwandulelwe isinqumo kuhlelwe kokutshala imali e iphrojekthi. Ngamafuphi nje, i-Environmental Impact Assessment lichazwa ngokuthi isicelo emkhakheni wesayensi yemvelo, kuhlangene imikhuba bezenhlalo nezemvelo.