Izikhangibavakashi: Mozhaisk izimemo (incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo)

Luni lomuzi lapho nesishiyagalombili amakhilomitha square igxile ezikhangayo yayibaluleke kakhulu? Mozhaisk - idolobha okuphila kuzo emakhulwini eminyaka edlule aluthola ekhaya unomphela ezinye izikhathi ezinhle kunazo zonke emlandweni wayo. Kutholwe ku Moscow upland, e sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni igama elifanayo, emngceleni Gzhatsk ukucindezeleka, lo muzi akukho mcimbi amakhulu ezombusazwe, akukho empini awuzange uyekwe, hhayi abahambe besuka kude ngaphambi kwekhulu weshumi nantathu, lapho Mozhaisk lokuqala okukhulunywa encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla.

Prince Yaroslav

Izikhangibavakashi Mozhaysk ukuqongelela isikhathi eside. Ngisho nangesikhathi ilungu Smolensk ubukhulu, eqinisa sentaba eduze komfula Mozhayki wasiza dudula kuphangwa omakhelwane. Prince uVladimir futhi Suzdalskiy Yaroslav yafua umuzi.

Yingaleso sikhathi lapho amahlathi aminyene endaweni ogawulelwé ngayo phansi empandeni, kungenjalo bevikela umuzi kwakungenakwenzeka, nokunye egqumeni wavula ukubuyekeza emangalisayo akuvimbeli indiza boom. Izinkuni waya nezivikelo eyakhelwe - ezweni matasa ngokushesha, zingabantu sokuvuna ngempela evundile ocebile.

kuphangwa

Posada yavuleka futhi emva kwesikhashana kakade bafika eMfuleni eMoscow. Kubi ukuthi ngenxa yokuntuleka ihlathi kakhulu Mozhaika baba engajulile, futhi namuhla ngisho umfudlana amandlag. I iseduze maphakathi nezwe ngokuqinile exhumene umuzi isiphetho Russia, abaningi ezikhangayo Mozhaisk igcinwe efakaza ngakho. Indlalifa ngowokuqala ezweni - uTheodore (Black) Rostislavich - futhi baba e 1239 isikhulu lokuqala, okwenza lo muzi i ubukhulu ezizimele.

Russ kwaba kakhulu fake ihlukaniswe ngesikhathi, ngakho yajabula kanzima ukulwisana nesilingo sokubuka abahlaseli. Cishe amabili imizi ebhuqiwe phakathi nale minyaka Dyudeneva ibutho, kuhlanganise Mozhaisk. Izikhangibavakashi agcinwe eminyuziyamu edolobheni, obucacile kakhulu. Yebo futhi wendawo, abahlala endaweni yakini, izikhulu akuvamile Bahlala ngokuthula. Kuyamangalisa-ke kwaba nzima ukuzimela yabo, kancane buthaka lo ubukhulu - bese ke wanyathelwa.

Moscow

Ekuqaleni umzabalazo XIV ngekhulu phakathi izikhulu engumakhelwane yaphela ukubusa ngempoqo Mozhaisk ukuze ubukhulu eMoscow Yuri Danilovich, ngaphansi nangengalo yakhe enamandla. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ke kubuswa emzini Ivan Red. Ngokuvamile, lonyaka ulilethele hhayi kuphela izinto. Mozhaisk uhlangabezane nobunzima obungachazeki. Kabili wahlulwa ahlanzekile: Algirdas kusukela Lithuania, ngubani washisa edolobheni e 1314, bese ngokusebenzisa iqulo Tokhtamysh engamashumi amane kuphela sephulwe, aphanga futhi ashisa waphinda nje ngobukhulu ubunzima, ukwakha kabusha umuzi. Lokho kwakusho ubunzima kwasani.

Nokho, izenzakalo ngeshwa kungukuthi asuswe Mozhaisk njengoba settlement ukhiye eRussia. Lokhu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, bekulokhu isikhungo esikhulu esingokomfanekiso, umgcini isithonjana odumile St Nicholas ka Mozhaisk, ongcwele umthandazo intercessor yazo zonke amaqhawe emazweni Orthodox. Mozhaysk ezikhangayo igcinwe amakhanda enkambweni yabo, akuyona yonke into manje lihlonishwa zonke isithombe lilondolozwe Tretyakov Gallery, ngoba kubuye umcebo eziyingqayizivele Russian art amasiko kwekhulu weshumi nane.

Andrei Dmitrievich

Ngo 1389 sobukhosi wahlala Prince Andrew - indodana Don winner. Khona-ke Mozhdysk ezikhangayo futhi omakhelwane agcwaliswa yakhiwe kahle itshe izakhiwo zethempeli. Ferapont Belozersky wabe ukwakha Luzhetsky sezindela abadumile, futhi manje esibizwa ngokuthi Ferapontov sezindela.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo e Mozhaisk baba ikakhulukazi zonke izinhlobo yezandla eyandisa amagciwane, ngakho emuva ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, nomuzi wawungowegolide ukuthuthukiswa ngasenxanxatheleni yezitolo. Ngaphandle Mozhaisk wathinta neziningi ukuhweba, elula kuya entshonalanga.

isifo usekela

Nale minyaka enzima, yebo, ayikwazanga ukuthola azungeze umuzi noma kungaqashelwa. okungenani iminyaka emithathu imithetho sizana Amanga Dmitry II, abazidlayo Pole Vladislav, esandleni okuyinto uye wahlupheka ngamashwa amaningi edolobheni Mozhaysk. Izikhangibavakashi eqoqwe eminyuziyamu ifakaze Ngalesi sikhathi cishe babe uhlobo umsebenzi kanye noma yimuphi ukulahleka kuwufanele exosha laba bahlaseli.

Kuphela 1618 sabezinye izizwe, nge ihlazo axoshwe nasezweni lokuzalwa isiRashiya, futhi ngokubuyisa okuziphindiselela, kodwa ukuthatha Mozhaisk awenzekanga: ukumelana kwaba nobuqhawe, futhi wabayala ukuba Boris Lykov-Obolensky. Ubufakazi labo izikhathi ababeba eziningi ezikhangayo futhi iminyuziyamu Mozhdysk ukwesabe esitolo sabo.

ukulahlekelwa

Ekhulwini lesikhombisa lo muzi ehlotshiswe itshe ezibiyele ka Dmitriya Pozharskogo ukusekelwa, ababekade Umkhuzi Mozhaisk. Ngokudabukisayo, kuze kube yilolu suku yalondolozwa kuphela ingxenye encane akhiwe lasendulo, ngoba ngesizathu esingaziwa, uCatherine II beyalwa ukuba ahlukanisa Kremlin. Kulaba isitini lokusinda lakhiwa Novo-Nikolsky ethempelini eziyinkimbinkimbi. Noma kunjalo enhle ngokuya kakhudlwana futhi yaba yena Mozhaisk futhi Mozhaisk wesifunda. Izikhangibavakashi walondoloza kulezo zikhathi kungabonwa yonke indawo.

Futhi ngo-1723 Mozhaisk unyawo endleleni yezimboni. ibhodi manufactory ngaphambilini County ukudala ukukhiqizwa ingilazi. It Mozhajskij ingilazi ifektri crystal ifektri Mozhayskaya ngokushesha kwaziwa kulo eRussia. Kodwa njengoba ezibiyele Mozhaisk futhi lokhu elahlekile enkazimulweni. Ukuze igawulwe ngakho cishe ngizoqothulwa ehlathini, ezimbalwa emashumini weNyuvesi, Umkhandlu Wezigele ngaphambilini ukuhambisa ukukhiqizwa. Manje zonke Mozhayskaya ingilazi inkazimulo - kuya Goose River eduze uVladimir, imikhiqizo ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo uGus-Crystal futhi namanje ngokuphawulekayo elichaza ngokwabo, kodwa hhayi kufakwe Mozhaisk ezikhangayo. Amakheli, okuyinto libuyekeza izibopho lidlule umlomo nomlomo izakhamuzi zalo muzi kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, azisekho.

Umhlaba impi II

Yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye Mozhaisk wahlangana idolobha ocebile futhi angabacwasi elichumayo, nakuba yesifundazwe. uhlelo ehlelekile yakhiwa nemizana nanhlanu okubophela amashumi amaningana emigwaqweni nasezindaweni ezizungezile. izincwadi zomlando zibonisa ukuthi Mozhaisk ke kwadingeka izindlu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu ezinkulu ezenziwe ngokhuni, izitolo ayisithupha, amathathu apheleleyo ikhaya ukuphuza nge zokudla, kwakha ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili nokuba eziyishumi, izitshalo eziningana: isikhumba, izikhungo zokwenza ubhiya. Ngakho-ke ubanjwe 1812. By endleleni, futhi namanje Mozhaisk alondoloze ukuhleleka wokuqala ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ungakwazi ukubona zezakhiwo ezindala, izakhiwo eziningi ezithakazelisayo.

abahlaseli French matasa Luzhetsky Monastery, uNapoleon ukuthi izinze khona, a amamitha angamakhulu kusukela odumile Novo-Nikolsky ethempelini. Ayesebuyela emuva, babeka umlilo esigodlweni sezindela endala eRussia. The elingaphakathi eziyingqayizivele Isigodlo has ukuze siphinde sithole akasoze kwenzeke. Ukuze MOZHAYTSEV kwaba yinto embi kakhulu elikhulu, ngoba ukukhulekela sezindela wawumkhulu. Ngo-1908, lapho sigubhe quincentenary we Isigodlo, odwendweni zafinyelela izinkulungwane eziningi-Orthodox, kuhlanganise umbusi eMoscow, abaholi kwamadoda asebukhosini, futhi-ke, i-Metropolitan.

IKHULU lamashumi amabili

Idolobha Military Inkazimulo Mozhaysk - isibonelo ukumelana angamaqhawe lesitha, abeza ngaphansi ifulege lamaNazi. Umsebenzi - buhlungu ikhasi emlandweni Mozhaisk, kodwa futhi namaqhawe kunazo, abashokobezi abadumile nemisebenzi ngasese ku insimu yonke esifundeni. Isakhiwo yesikhumbuzo, okuyinto lunikezelwe Bakhululi ka singesabi Motherland ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe - lesikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu kule ndawo.

Kakade emnyango emzini kungabonwa ongazange lwangena lapha kanye Ukuhlasela angaphandle kanye imisebenzi ngisho lutho alien: Architecture, izici yamasiko edolobheni Mozhaysk - eRussia. Izikhangibavakashi bamchaza njengomuntu inkumbulo komlando inhliziyo wezwe. iminyuziyamu Memorial nazi ezimbalwa, ngaphezu, izenzo kanye emlandweni futhi yokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke abavakashi waphawula ukuthi kwenzeke kanjani ukuba olunothile, njengoba isimo elihle nedlelo, ikakhulukazi okuthiwa Mozhaiskogo ulwandle. Ukuhlola zonke ubuhle lapha athuthukiswe kahle futhi osungulwe ezokuvakasha Equestrian kanye ibhayisikili. Futhi, izivakashi ukudumisa Mozhayskiye amabhishi nokudoba.

Ngenani Mozhaisk

Kusuka eMoscow kuya edolobheni ibhalwe anamandla ekhethekile isihloko zokuhlonipha wenkazimulo lempi, kungaba lula kakhulu futhi elula, lapha umgwaqo ovulekile kakhulu futhi ujantshi - amakhilomitha neshumi kude, engafinyelelwa e kuphele isigamu sehora noma nge-Belarusian sesitimela noma ibhasi esuka Victory Park. Isimo sezulu endaweni akuhlukile eMoscow, esipholile sezulu efanayo Continental, emvuleni efanayo kanye seasonality efanayo.

Mozhayskoe ulwandle, wabonakala isigamu eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ngemuva kokumiswa edamini eMfuleni eMoscow, akuyona kuphela ewusizo ukuphathwa, kukhona manje endaweni ethandwa izivakashi esusela Mozhaisk futhi kude. It ngokuphelele babamba izinhlanzi loMfula kutshalwa pine ihlathi. Akhule amanzi ezemidlalo ebhishi ngamaholidi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Isizalo Mozhaysk wesifunda elicwengekileyo of bonke nemizana YaseMoscow Region, izinga lamanzi kwesigubhu emangalisayo. Yingakho kukhona zitholakala le amamotheli ezimenza azizwe atjhaphulukile. Nokho, isikhala esiningi ukuze nizihlalele kamnandi kwezilenge.

ezibiyele egqumeni

Lapha izivakashi ngokuvakashela isikhumbuzi esivelele endulo - main Western okuthunyelwe ukuzivikela. Okuningi ekhulwini weshumi nambili Mozhaika ogeleza umnyuziki bavikela sentaba ngesandla esisodwa, futhi ngakolunye - i nomsele yokufakelwa. Along azungezwe Namanje walondoloza izinsalela inqaba odongeni onamandla, i indunduma umhlaba - isisekelo sokuba ke - the best agcinwe. Kuyinto edabukisayo ukuthi ayengelakho ukubonas kwemibhoshongo ncamashi enhle endala ezibiyele Mozhaisk, kuphela izithombe. Kodwa lokho igqamuka, salungiswa, ukuhalaliselwa.

Ungajabulela Cathedral of St Nicholas (izakhi efanayo kanye inqaba wangaphambili - izindonga, amasango, lasendulo ngasesangweni lethempeli). Ngo ibandla St uPetru noPawulu is namanje walondoloza decor yasekuqaleni kwekhulu weshumi nane, yebo, hhayi ngokuphelele. Futhi njengoba Luhambo izivakashi: Spring Lake ngesikhathi ibambene nesikhombisa amamitha, ukhumbula ezikhathini zasendulo. Kuze kube manje, kukhona Ngokuqhubeka ucwaningo abavubukuli, futhi uyathola amahle. Ngokwesibonelo, muva nje utholé isithonjana yesiGreki Ephakathi. No kancane ezithakazelisayo ukuze ihlolwe futhi Luzhetsky Isigodlo, olondolozela izinsalela lasendulo nobuhle elimangalisayo amathempeli.