Ezintabeni zase-Andes - okuyinto izwe? amazwe Andes: sezulu, nemithombo

amazwe Andes - yisimo sokuthokoza Andes zomphakathi. Yasungulwa ngonyaka ka-1969 kuya ngamazwe eziyisithupha: Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Colombia ne-Chile.

Okwamanje, leli qembu uba union amasiko. Laqanjwa okuvame amasiko tariff, inkambiso efanayo yokusebenzelana commercial wenziwa maqondana nezinye izifundazwe.

Geology namaminerali

Andes - kufike komkhulu wabo entabeni uhlelo zomhlaba. Ubude ibhande wasentabeni 9000 km ukuphakama, zingabantu yesibili kuphela zaseHimalaya. 20 iziqongo entabeni ukundlula ukuphakama 6 km, futhi ophakeme kunabo iphuzu - Volcano Akonkagua - ifinyelela 6960 m ezintabeni ze-Andes elise emaphethelweni amapuleti lithospheric -. Elithile eNingizimu Melika, lapho inamathelisiwe imishini yokusaha izingodo folds extruded ngaphansi kongqimba ngesikhathi ezinwabuzelayo Nazca ipuleti wasolwandle ngaphansi ezwekazini setshe.

Emikhulu, imigqa okucishe kufane nalokhu contouring coast amelela uchungechunge mlilo. Izintaba-mlilo yase-Ningizimu Melika - asebenzayo, ngezikhathi ezithile uvuke uthulule lava, okuwugcwalisile emikhombeni intermountain nezigodi, ukwakha ithafa lava yasezinkangala.

Minerals le ngxenye nezwekazi angavalelwa emikhombeni intermontane futhi ayimigodi foothill yase-Andes. amazwe Andes zihlukaniswa ngokuthi babe amasheya elikhulu namaminerali ezingavamile. Kube amaminerali misela ezifana nethusi, zinc, okuhola molybdenum, ithini, nabanye.

Isakhiwo wokubalwa kweminyaka ngamadwala, kungenzeka ukuthi lokho amaminerali kukhona lamazwe Andes. Resources Latin America zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ezintabeni kukhona ingcebo yemvelo efana, ezifana Gypsum, emithanjeni amalahle, usawoti, mercury igolide, i-platinum, nesiliva. Zonke amazwe Andes ngiziqhayise anele namatshe ayigugu futhi ephuma kabili esiyigugu ezifana amethiste, itopazi * le-agatha nabanye.

Isimo sezulu lamazwe Andes

Andes - it is a elikhulu zokhahlamba, ingxenye yalo ihluke nomunye. Ukuze kube lula ukuhlola-Andes ihlukaniswa iba amazwe amane physiographic ezihlangana inombolo yezici.

amazwe Andes Latin America - kwamazwe aseningizimu efudumele, kodwa isimo sezulu kancane sihluke nomunye.

Northern Andes

Ensimini ka lezi zintaba yilezi: ingxenye yase-Ecuador, Venezuela neColombia. Emazweni ngokomzimba-ezindawo kuhlanganisa: Caribbean Andes, Andes Ecuador futhi Northwest Andes.

Isimo sezulu enkabazwe kanye sub-enkabazwe. Inani kwezulu ePacific coast kuze kube 8000 mm ngonyaka, asemaqaqasini imvula kancane kodwa isomiso azenzeki. Ngasempumalanga umswakama liyancipha, ezindaweni eziphansi emaceleni ale ntaba sikhule kuphela letnezelenye nasemahlathini, kodwa endaweni engamamitha 1000 m ngaphezu ukuqala gilei ezimanzi.

Emithambekeni engaphakathi imvula incane, ngakho lapho kuphela letnezelenye noma amahlathi kanzima enezicabha.

central Andes

Evamile, bahlukene phakathi saseBolivia futhi zase-Andes ePeru, njengoba kula mazwe zitholakala kule ngxenye zokhahlamba.

Central Andes kuhluke sezulu ngokwanele ezomile. I driest ingxenye - saseBolivia Andes. Lina lingaphansi kuka 300 mm ngonyaka. Kodwa kusukela ukuphakama 3500 m ngaphezu kolwandle, kwezulu ukwanda, ngakho kukhona amazambane ezikhulayo, ibhali kanye nezinye okusanhlamvu. Zonke emadolobheni amakhulu nazo ngaleso kokuwa.

Amazinga isilinganiso phakathi nonyaka kuba + 20-23 ° C. Ehlobo le ukushisa kwanele Andes + 18 ° C ebusika, izinga lokushisa + 15 ° C. Ogwini Pacific izinga lokushisa ingezansi.

Andes nakwezifudumele

Lapha-ke cishe ngokuphelele elise-Chile. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye kwezulu entabeni lincane kakhulu - 10 mm ngonyaka. Nangu Atacama Desert.

Ngaseningizimu imvula ehlane kwandisa kuze kufinyelele 1500 mm ngonyaka.

Januwari lokushisa Isilinganiso + 22 ° C, ngoJulayi - phakathi + 12 ° C kuya ku-18 ° C.

Ezingxenyeni lapho kwezulu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba zikhule kakhulu emahlathini emvula zone athokomele. Nge ngincipha kwezulu avele amahlathi kanzima enezicabha, izihlahlana notshani, okuyinto iphenduka ibe ehlane.

toothfish Andes

Le ngxenye uhlelo okumba aphansi futhi wahlukana. Emithambekeni yabo entshonalanga uwela mayelana 5000 mm imvula ngonyaka, futhi izinga lokushisa ehlobo nasebusika kuyinto + 15 ° C.

On emithambekeni esentshonalanga yeziNtaba zase kwezulu Sehlile 1500 mm, futhi izinga lokushisa isilinganiso luyanda + 20 ° C - + 24 ° C.

Andes Community

Zonke amazwe Andes ukwabelana umlando ezivamile. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukuthuthukiswa lezi abanikazi bamakoloni umhlaba iNtshonalanga Yurophu aya abakhileyo ezintabeni - amaNdiya - baye basungula isiko abo kanye nomnotho. Umbuso lasendulo endaweni yase-Andes esenamandla ngokuya umnotfo kanye nesakhiwonchanti setenhlalo. Kube athuthukile hhayi kuphela ezolimo nemfuyo, kodwa futhi kwaba ukukhiqizwa namaminerali ahlukahlukene. Konke-ke labhujiswa kanye ukufika abanqobi of Britain, iFrance nasePortugal.

Colony waletha enkulu emazweni anemali engenayo eyanele yokuqala. Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho ehamba ohlangothini olufanayo. Kodwa ngemva yokukhululwa amazwe kusuka emazweni wamakoloni Andes baya ahlukene ngakho umnotho yesimanje eLatin America ihlukile kakhulu.

Ukuze uthuthukise isimo sabo, amazwe Andes yenza isivumelwano - Andes zomphakathi. Ngakho bafuna ukwandisa emakethe kazwelonke, okuyinto bahlakazeka. Ngenxa yalokho, kwathiwa wasungula ezivamile amasiko tariff, kwakukhona ukuhlela jikelele ezimbonini kanye emazweni okungenani athuthukile kwezomnotho - eBolivia Ecuador - ziye unikezwe nezinzuzo eziningi ezihlukahlukene.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko-AU - ukudalwa uhlaka lapho umsebenzi supranational lilinganiselwe. imodeli Andes Community efana model of the European Union, nomehluko omncane.

I-AC siqukethe izidumbu ezintathu eziyinhloko:

- kaMongameli Council. Nansi incazelo izinqubomgomo ukuhlanganiswa, ikhumbula izithakazelo subregion. Esikalini the impumelelo.

- I Council of Ministers Foreign. It wenza ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi ehlobene wezangaPhandle. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu ukudidiyelwa iqembu iqhaza ezingxoxweni ngamazwe ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlangano.

- General Secretariat. Lokhu isigungu, iholwa Unobhala-jikelele we akhethwe uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe.

Okunye emizimbeni uphiko: Andes ePhalamende, Andes Court of Justice, Jikelele likaNobhala, nabanye.

amazwe Andes eNingizimu Melika - kuyinto European Union e-Europe.