Amalungelo kuya ugandaganda: kanjani ukuba uthole, kuphi? Certification ugandaganda-umshayeli

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukulawula ugandaganda sika ongaqhathaniswa kunjalo ngokushayela imoto, nokuthi ngeke alufanelekele imoto, ungathola beshayela kwanoma yiphi impahla. Lena sidukisa kakhulu! Namuhla sifunda ukuthi bamele ilungelo ugandaganda, kanjani ukuze uthole kubo, futhi kungani kubalulekile ukuba senze konke ngokomthetho.

Kuyini ilungelo umehluko kusuka umshayeli amalungelo ugandaganda?

Ukuze uqale, uthole ukuthi yini amalungelo kudingeka khona ugandaganda. Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela umbuzo wokuqala ephakama ugandaganda esizayo. amalungelo umshayeli kukhona zifane ikhadi plastic. It Imininingwane ngempela emfushane mayelana umshayeli kanye isigaba imoto, okuyinto unelungelo lokubusa. Ekhadini kukhona njalo igama igunya lomphakathi elikhiphe yona umshayeli.

Ogandaganda kukhona izimoto ukwakhiwa kanye awacatshangwa imoto. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ngokomthetho usebenza kubo, akwanele ukuba sibonise izincwadi zokushayela. Lapha kubalulekile ukuba izincwadi zokushayela ugandaganda sika. Ngaphambi uthola ke, umshayeli udinga ukuthatha izifundo ezikhethekile nokumelwe ngikhiphe ukuhlolwa kokugcina.

Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile. Emva kokuthola incwadi yokushayela, unelungelo ukuphatha endleleni, hhayi kuphela ezweni lakhe kodwa futhi phesheya. Nge imishini ekhethekile, izinto zase zishintshile. Isitifiketi ugandaganda umshayeli angakwazi ukulawula zikagesi kuphela isimo lapho ikhishwa. Phesheya, akulona neze evumelekile.

Yiziphi ilayisensi umshayeli ugandaganda sika?

Leli fomu ezilungisiwe amalungelo Gostekhnadzor, ngakho kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola isitifiketi, uyobheka okufanayo. ilayisensi ugandaganda kuyinto ikhadi egcwele nhlangothi zombili. Ohlangothini lokuqala ulwazi main mayelana nomnikazi, isithombe sakhe kanye nesiginesha. Ohlangothini lwesibili kukhona ulwazi esigabeni yobuciko lapho avuma. Ngakho, ngokuya ulwazi, ilayisensi umshayeli ugandaganda sika kufana izincwadi zokushayela, kodwa lapha kwezinye izigaba, kanye umbala ikhadi ingehluka. Isisekelo le mvume isitifiketi ekhethekile ukuqeqeshwa Yiqiniso, okuyinto ekhishwe sebeqedile ukuqeqeshwa theory kanye nama-practical.

Lesi sitifiketi akukuniki ilungelo lokuphatha ubuchwepheshe. Kuyinto kuphela uhlobo yokwemukela nokuhlolisiswa Gostekhnadzor emizimbeni. Uma isikhungo ukuqeqeshwa ukuthi isitifiketi umshayeli uwukuthi, ezingekho emthethweni kwezobunjiniyela kweso, it akanawo amandla. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile. Imishini ekhethekile ukuphatha ngokuncane amandla motor 4 kW can ukuhlonza ngaphandle ugandaganda, nomunye kuphela dokhumenti kusuka esikhungweni sokuqeqeshwa. Phambi ephezulu grade amalungelo ngokuvamile nesithakazelo kokubili ugandaganda futhi umqashi wakhe. Ngempela, endabeni ukwephulwa ifemu yomthetho ke kuyodingeka bakhokhe inhlawulo.

isigaba

Ngakho siyazi ukuthi ugandaganda kwesokudla. Uyithola kanjani idokhumenti - umbuzo olandelayo. Okokuqala kudingeka unqume kulokho ubuchwepheshe ofuna ukusebenza. Kuye lokhu, isikole ayoyikhetha ngawe esifanele. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqeqesho ibanjelwe ku ubuchwepheshe uze uhlose ukuphatha. Kwesokudla ugandaganda nezinye imishini self ezinezinjini izigaba eziningana:

1. Isigaba A. Inikeza ilungelo ukushayela off-road izimoto ezingavikelekile senzelwe emigwaqeni yomphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa: ezithuthuthwini, ATVs, imishini isitoreji namanye amadivayisi nge umthamo esingaphansi 4 kW.
2. Isigaba B It ivumela ukusebenza kwazimoto futhi zilandelwa, olungena ngaphansi motor amandla ububanzi 4-25,7 kW (noma kuze kube 34 amahhashi).
3. Isigaba C Ivumela ukulawula imishini isondo 25,7-110,3 amandla kW (34 kuya ku-150 l. C.).
4. Isigaba D. Ugunyata "ukushayela" imishini isondo ngamandla ngamandla kusuka 110,3 kW (150 hp. S.).
5. Isigaba E. It ikuvumela ukulawula izimoto zilandelwa ukalwe nganoma ezingaphezu kuka 24,7 kW.
6. Isigaba F. Lwenza elawulwa imishini yezolimo self ezinezinjini.

esithweni

Ngaphezu isigaba imoto, izincwadi zokushayela ugandaganda ukuze ukhombise isikhundla sakhe. Wabelwe umhloli, othatha ukuhlolwa. On wonke amadokhumenti alandelayo isigaba kuboniswa eduze okukhethekile, ezifana "umshayeli weloli isigaba sesithathu." Cabanga kusinye:

• isigaba 2nd. Ikhombisa ukuthi umshayeli unelungelo ukuphatha ubuchwepheshe ngaphansi kokuqondisa uzakwethu nakho. Umshayeli lokhu osenyameni elivunyelwe ukuze ulungise noma ukulayisha izindlela kanye namadivayisi ephakamisa.
• isigaba Okwesithathu. Inikeza unjiniyela ilungelo ukuphatha ibhethri lift Loaders kanye nezinye izindlela abaphatha izindlela, umthwalo kanye ukusabalala imithwalo yinqwaba, ukukhanda futhi silondoloze izindlela ugandaganda.
• isikhundla 4th. Libonisa ukuthi umshayeli ongasebenza Forklift amandla afinyelela ku 100 amahhashi, futhi iyiphi enye indlela esetshenziswa ukuthutha noma stowage. Umnikazi imisebenzi isigaba 4th kuhlanganisa self-ukulungisa kanye tinning ubuchwepheshe.
• isikhundla 5th. It ivumela umshayeli ukulawula amandla tractor phezu 100 hp noma ngaphansi, uma bewasebenzisa njengoba scrapers, abembayo, ogandaganda neminye imishini.
• isikhundla 6th. Sidinga kulabo abafuna ukushayela ugandaganda ukalwe nganoma ezingaphezu kuka-200 amahhashi, njengoba usetshenziswa njengesibonelo ngogandaganda noma Excavator.

amadokhumenti

Isitifiketi ( "ugandaganda-umshayeli" - ngakho wathi okukhethekile yayo) kungenziwa ikhishelwa yisiphi isakhamuzi abaneminyaka engama-18. Ukuze ubhalise, kufanele ube iphasipoti, 6 izithombe 3 x 4 cm begodu incwadi kadokotela.

inqubo yokufunda

Ezikoleni eziningi, ukuqeqeshwa ugandaganda ihlala kufika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha (kuye ngokuthi isigaba). Syllabus Yiqiniso ivunyelwe eMnyango Wezemfundo kanye Gostekhnadzor. It ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: i-theory kanye nama-practical.

I theory okuyingxenye ihlanganisa ukutadisha izinto zokwakha futhi imithetho yomsebenzi ezinesisindo. Uma ungenayo incwadi yokushayela, khona-ke lokhu Yebo ayohlanganisa imithetho yomgwaqo. Ulwazi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ekupheleni ukuqeqeshwa iyenziwa ukuhlolwa.

Ingxenye esisebenzayo inkambo lwenzeka ngesikhathi site. Kukhona ukufunda ukushayela ugandaganda, wajika ke futhi asingathe wezimpahla. Ayimpoqo umfundi umshayeli kufanele azame isandla sakhe emsebenzini wangempela emhlabathini asphalt. Ugandaganda umshayeli, ogama ukuqeqeshwa kuhlanganisiwe esincane umkhuba (lokhu kwenzeka ezikoleni ezincane), ugijima ingozi ungadluli ukuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe sibheke omuhle sokuqeqeshwa ne indlela ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza ukuba asebenze. Thola lapho ukuthola amalungelo kuya ugandaganda emzini, ke ulula.

ukuhlolwa

Certification senzeka ngezigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala, abashayeli ukudlula theory, ngomlomo noma ikhompyutha. Endabeni ka kokuphothula, basuke ungeniswe ukuhlolwa esisebenzayo.

On luhlolo of the ingxenye esisebenzayo ihlola ikhono umshayeli isebenze imishini ekhethekile. Evamile, isivivinyo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala - Ngigibele uhla izimo ezikahle. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvamile in the uhla efanayo lapho umuntu efunda nabo. Eyesibili esiteji - umsebenzi ku into yangempela. Ukuhlolwa ungubukhona saziso kwabahloli Gostekhnadzor, nguye kwenza sinqumo sokugcina. Uma umzamo lokuqala behluleka uyidlule le noma kuleyo ngxenye, laba bafikile ukubashaya thatha futhi bamba futhi okungenani ngesonto. Labo babhekana nazo zonke imisebenzi, ukuthola isitifiketi. Nokho, abanye abafundi alungiselela thatha futhi bamba futhi. Emva kwemizamo ezintathu akuphumelelanga kuhlulekile umshayeli ngokubuyisa kabusha ukuqeqeshwa.

Kancane kabanzi mayelana nokukhetha wezemfundo

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi uyini kwesokudla ugandaganda, ukuthi ungathola kanjani kubo futhi yini okumelwe siyibheke. Sishilo kakade ukuthi isikhungo ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kube impoqo egunyaziwe. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile - ke kufanele kube esifundeni ohlala kulo. Kuthiwa uma umuntu eziphethe endaweni efanayo, futhi unelungelo lokuthola kwenye, kungaphumeleli. Nokho, kukhona okuthile okuhlukile. Ziseningi izikhungo ehlonishwayo zemfundo Unelungelo ukuqeqesha njengoba abantu non-ohlala nabezizwe. Ngaphambi zihlanganisa imibhalo maphakathi ukuqeqeshwa, qiniseka ukuthi lapha ngempela ukufundisa, futhi esewonke uzonikezwa ilungelo langempela.

Kungani ngingaboni nje esethenga amalungelo ugandaganda?

Kanjani ukuze uthole kahle? Umbuzo abaningi ugandaganda kuholela ukwethuka. Futhi zonke ngoba nje owabathenga. Kuyi-Internet ungathola eziningi izipesheli, ukuthengisa izitifiketi inkohliso ukuqeqeshwa. Njengoba ubona, le dokhumenti akuthola inhlangano engekho ngaphansi egunyaziwe, ngeke ivunyelwe ukuba uzihlole. Ngakho-ke, lo "nabathengisi 'ubufakazi, laliba isisulu esilula phezu oyivila"' ugandaganda abashayeli ", kuyilapho bona ngokwabo ubufakazi lutho. Kodwa kungcono singakabi sibi kangako. Ukuze uthole isiqinisekiso ( "ugandaganda-umshayeli" - lokhu okukhethekile kufanele obekiwe kuyona) kumele zikhokhelwe kokuqondisa lobuchwepheshe, kanye amalungelo izikhulu zamaphoyisa abashayeli traffic.

Ngokuvamile, umuntu akakwazi ukuthola ngokwami ilungelo ugandaganda nemishini ekhethekile, akunankinga uzothola indlela ukuthenga kubo. Kodwa kwenzekani ngemva kwalokho? Kwenzekani uma umshini ngeke ukulawula esindayo umuntu ngenalwazi? Kanjani kuzodingeka ukhokhe ngoba umthwalo ezilimele noma ukulimala izimpahla ezibizayo? Umuntu onolwazi olunzulu ofuna abe okhokhelwayo, akasoze aphazamisa umthetho ekutholeni idokhumenti ziwumthwalo abaphathise okukhulu. kumniniyo! Ngakho singazi batusa ukuthi uthenge izincwadi zokushayela ugandaganda sika. Lapho ukuthi wazi kuphi ilungelo ugandaganda ukuthi kuwufanele ukunaka.