Kanjani ukubala ppm egazini?

Utshwala - kuyinkinga enkulu for izizukulwane eziningi. Umuntu ngamunye isimo sabo maqondana iziphuzo oxide. Abanye abantu ungayisebenzisi nhlobo (ngeshwa, inombolo yabo azinakwa), kanti abanye benze kanjalo njalo, ukuthi engawalondi esesimweni esinjalo ukushayela. Ngokwezibalo zakamuva, u-30% wabo bonke izingozi zenzeka ngenxa umshayeli odakiwe. Ngesikhathi traffic amaphoyisa Sikhatsateke kakhulu isimo, ngakho izisebenzi ngokuqinile ukuqapha ukulinganisela abashayeli isicelo kudivayisi ekhethekile wokuhlola - breathalyzer.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Abantu abaningi abakaze ihlangabezane ukuhlolwa okunjalo Angazi ukuthi yidivayisi nokuthi ukubala ppm e alkotestere.

Le divayisi encane ifakwe tube ekhethekile, injongo eyinhloko okuyinto - ukunquma inani ukuphuza utshwala unit sokulinganisa, ppm. Ukuze ukuhlole umshayeli ngokwanele ukuba sikwazi ukuphefumula ku idivayisi, lesilenge ubonisa ngokushesha umphumela.

Breathalyzer uqala ukuvela e-US (1930). Babekwazi sibeke kuphela yokuthi ukuba khona Ethanol egazini, kodwa ibalwa ppm kwakungenakwenzeka.

degree lokudakwa

Ukubala ppm egazini, kungenzeka ukusungula degree womnikazi ukudakwa imoto bese unquma ukuthi iziphi usongo zayo futhi bazuzise nabanye endleleni:

1. 0.5-1.5 (kokuqala). Kuleli zinga, umuntu kuyingozi kakade. Waphawula ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokuxhumana, bezibona ibanga. Akumangalisi wesithunywa bejabule, le ukuchwensa.
2. 1.5-2.5 (isilinganiso). Nge ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe iziphuzo oludakayo iza retardation ukusabela, okuyinto ayivunyelwe umshayeli. State esikhundleni ubudlova, ukucasuka.
3. 2,5-3,00 (oqinile). Abantu abanjalo uthi yena ngokulambisa emi ngezinyawo zakhe. Ngempela, leli nani ETHYL utshwala egazini, zikhona izinkinga ezinkulu ukubambisana kanye nokuqwashisa.
4. 3,00-5,00 (ubuthi). Isiteji okusongelayo ngeshwa umshayeli nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo, ngokuvamile kube nemiphumela ebulalayo. Yini engenzeka endleleni nabanikazi imoto, singakwazi kuphela ukuqagela.
5. 5.00 nangaphezulu (umthamo ebulalayo). Man akakwazi ukuhamba. A awokuthi ukuhlaselwa isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi. Ukusiza kuleli cala kungaba i-ambulense, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Lezi izinkomba generalized, kusukela ngamunye umzimba ngamunye, ngakho isinyathelo singenzeka nge umehluko othize.

ethanol umonakalo

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza kanjani ukubala mille utshwala ngayinye, kodwa akazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ehlelekile wophuzo iziphuzo kuyingozi ophuzayo futhi kwenza ukuphila babulawa abanye.

Ngokuphambene ethandwa inkolelo utshwala akusho ukunqanda izinzwa has nomphumela ohlukile. Umuzwa kwesasa ezalandela umthamo othile wophuzo isiphuzo, ngokushesha sithathelwe indawo ngokucasuka ubudlova.

Ngaphezu isimiso sezinzwa utshwala kubathinta kabi umsebenzi:

1. Brain. Siba Sibi Nakakhulu inkumbulo, kubangela eliqhaqhazelayo yezingalo nemilenze nokuxhumana aphazamiseke ukunyakaza.
2. Isibindi. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, okuyinto umkhiqizo kwamazinyo, kancane kancane ubhubhisa umzimba amaseli (hepatocytes). Lokhu kuholela Oqala ukungezwa aze agcine ukusebenza kwawo kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
3. Amanyikwe. Kubangela a ukuvuvukala esingamahlalakhona noma oyingozi (pancreatitis), ukonakala okunamafutha, izimila, isifo sikashukela.

Izidumbu oshiwo ngenhla ahlupheke kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa ukuphuza ngokweqile njalo Punch sisetshenziswa wonke umzimba iyonke. Ngakho esikhundleni ecabanga ukuthi ukubala mille utshwala ngalinye, udinga ukuba iqonde imiphumela kungaholela.

Ngingaba niphuza ukushayela futhi kungakanani

Ngokomthetho Russian, umthwalo ukushayela uma sebedakiwe ngabantu abaye usulungise embundwini weqiwe:

• 0.35 ppm egazini;
• 0,16 ppm ngesikhathi okhishwa ngamakhala.

Abashayeli abaningi ukunwaya amakhanda abo, indlela ukubala mille utshwala emoyeni ngamakhala ngamunye ngaphandle alkotestrera, kodwa ukwenza ukubala enjalo kungaba eseduze.

izinkomba kuvunyelwe musa basikisela ukuthi ukuphuza nokushayela kungaba. Utshwala ngezinye izikhathi kutholakala umuntu ngokuphelele esisangulukisayo. Lokhu kungababangela izinqubo ezithile bokuphila noma umphumela ukusetshenziswa:

• kvass;
• yogurt;
• ubhiya non-utshwala;
• lwemithombo isinkwa.

Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ukuvutshelwa ongabonisa ppm enqabayo uma uhlola, kodwa uma leli nani liphindeke kudlulwe, isipiliyoni akudingekile.

Ngokuvamile, ukuphuza ngayizolo, abashayeli kusasekuseni ukuqagula ukuthi ahlale beshayela, bengazi ukuthi ukubala mille utshwala egazini ngayinye. Ngenxa yalokho, idivayisi ithumba okweqa embundwini ubuncane. umshayeli okunjalo bayakujeziswa inhlawulo noma bokuhlukaniswa amalungelo (kuncike degree adakwe kwezimo isivivinyo wathwalwa ngaphansi okuyinto out).

Emuva beshayela ngemva kokuphuza utshwala

Ukuze uthole enkingeni, udinga ukubala ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ngayinye egazini (esekelwe umthamo namandla iziphuzo, isisindo somzimba). Kususelwa kule sibalo kulula ukunquma isikhathi cishe ukuhoxiswa ethanol.

Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amafomula elula noma wokubala inthanethi. Nokho, qaphela ukuthi izimo eziningi sokugembula Zingaphazamisa somzimba esangulukisayo, ngakho leli qiniso kulesi sibalo kufanele bacabangele.

Izimbangela neutralization eside utshwala

excretion Rapid utshwala kwasekuqaleni kuvimbela isibindi. I ngokuvamile iziphuzo umuntu, kulapho ehlupheka kusukela isihlungi yangaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho lokudakwa okuphuma eside, futhi Hangover - esinzima ngokwengeziwe.

Isibindi enakekela mayelana 70 angu umthwalo futhi icubungula utshwala ngomkhiqizo - acetaldehyde, okuyinto nomthelela omubi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Kungaholela oludakayo kwesibindi, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, umdlavuza kanye nabanye.

Okusele excreted ngokusebenzisa izinso, umgudu wokuphefumula nesikhumba.

Futhi Ethanol neutralization izinga kuzoncika lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• obungakanani utshwala yokuqothulwa;
• amandla phisa;
• isimo ezinye izitho zangaphakathi, umzimba wonke;
• isisindo futhi ubulili;
• zokwandisa nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ukudla kudliwa ngaphambi komkhosi, phakathi nangemva.

I ezincane isisindo umuntu, utshwala ephansi seliphumile emzimbeni. Kwabesifazane lena 20% kancane kunabesilisa.

It is wafakazela ukuthi abantu ngaphansi sebedakiwe Abami kahle abe isidlo phakathi idili noma ngaphambi kokuthi iqale.

Ngokuzimela kutholakale izinga ppm

Kanjani ukubala mille ngayinye:

1. Okokuqala kubalwa amanzi womuntu mass. Kuze kube yimanje: 80 (ngesisindo) * 70%: 100.
2. Ngokulandelayo, inani ukuphuza utshwala isibonelo 1000 amandla ml likabhiya 5 degrees. Kufanele libe 1000 * 0.05 = 5 ml ke 5 * 0,79 (ethanol ukuminyana) = 3.95 g
3. 3,96 / 56 = 0,7 ppm.

Ngakho, ngemva 2 kuphela amabhodlela kabhiya ezingeni Ethanol siphezulu kunokuvamile.

Iphele nini imimoya

ndula ppm ibalwa enye indlela? Ungasebenzisa uhlu olungezansi. It kuveza utshwala ethandwa kakhulu, amandla abo futhi isikhathi cishe kulahlwa, ngemva kwalokho umshayeli unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa futhi uthole beshayela. Ngakho, uma usebenzisa 0.5 litre isiphuzo, uyonishiya umzimba:

• champagne (11%) - amahora 4.5-8;
• vodka (40%) - 17,25-29 h;
• ubhiya (4%) - 1,45-2,55 h;
• ubhiya (6%) - 2,4-4,2 h;
• yotshwala (30%) - 13-21,4 h;
• port (18%) - amahora 7,55-14;
• kamnandi, ugologo (25%) - 9,3-17,3 h;
• brandy (42%) - amahora 18,2-30,3.

Inani ubuncane is ebonwe abantu nge isisindo emzimbeni mayelana 60 kg, kanti esiphezulu - at kg 100 noma ngaphezulu.

Indlela yokwenza i-ethanol ngokushesha washiya umzimba

Okokuqala, udinga ukuba banakekele sempilo yabo kanye ukusekela kwesibindi zisesimweni esihle:

• utshwala ngangokusemandleni;
• ukuqhuba ucwaningo ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu;
• baphuze inkambo nemithi oyinikezwe udokotela;
• hhayi udle ethosiwe, ngibhema ukudla okubabayo kakhulu noma ubeke umkhawulo inombolo yabo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwesibindi, kuncike esimweni salo futhi comorbidities kungathatha izinyanga mayelana 1-3.

Uma umphumela kuyadingeka ngokushesha, kunconywa:

• udle kahle ngaphambi komkhosi kuhlelwe;
• hhayi ukusebenzisa yekhwalithi ephansi utshwala;
• ukuphuza eyodwa uhlobo utshwala, ngaphandle ukuxuba kubo.

Ukwandisa ijubane Ethanol ukuqedwa emva izenzakalo wagcwalisa fun-ngeke zisebenze. Kuyinto kuphela ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ezifeza izinqubo ezikhethekile nge weThrojani nge "abasebenzi ophilisayo."

Kulokhu okungenhla singaphetha ngokuthi lo ppm ebalisisiwe utshwala idliwe kungaba eseduze. Le nqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuncike ezicini eziningi, isihluthulelo okuyinto impilo. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba uphuze utshwala njalo, futhi ikakhulukazi nsuku zonke. engayitholi njalo utshwala okusongelayo inhlawulo, bokuhlukaniswa izincwadi zokushayela, ukungabi nampilo nomndeni, belahla abanye, futhi ngokuvamile ebulalayo.