Ngubani Amanga Dmitry 2? Kwakuyini ngempela Falsdmitry umthetho 2?

Ngokuqinisekile abaningi basayikhumbula namanje kusukela ezinsukwini zami esikoleni inkulumo ethi "Tushino isela". Iqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi kwalesi isidlaliso ibeke Lzhedmitry 2, iningi izifundo ezifundwa emlandweni waleli zwe.

Biography lomkhohlisi

Kuze kube manje akukho ezaziwa igama langempela, futhi umsuka walo ngabanye engaqondakali. Kukhona kuphela eminingana abaqaphe kakhulu futhi cishe okungenasisekelo basho ukuthi ngobani e okwempela nomkhohlisi Amanga Dmitry 2. Umlando womuntu ophilako "indawo elimhlophe". Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, wayeyindodana lompristi. Omunye umthombo lisitshela ukuthi Lzhedmitry 2 babevela Jewish esifundazweni okuhlazisayo, kodwa akukho ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa. Ekhuluma umuntu ezifana Lzhedmitry 2 kafushane, singasho ngokungananazi: i adventurism, okuyinto abazalwa nawo kunoma yimuphi umuntu Russian, kanye ukuchayeka ethonyeni yomunye ekuphileni kwakhe waba nendima eziyingozi.

Umzenzisi uvele ehlobo lika-1607 e Starodub. Kikho koke ukuphila kwakhe elimfushane wachitha ezimpikiswaneni zendawo izimpi. Falsdmitry isu 2 esekelwe inguqulo eyandulele esikhundleni babesinde ukuvukelwa eMoscow. Naphezu kokuhlaselwa okukhulu njengoba singahambi ngobuqili, wayengumuntu isinde. Falsdmitry 2 Board akazange athathe indawo, njengoba ayengakwazi ukufika inhlokodolobha, ukuyogcotshwa. ithemba wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela amabutho Ivana Bolotnikova. Pretender babekholelwa ukuthi zisiza uthwebule eMoscow, kodwa usizo eningi Bolotnicov zehlulekile.

inqubomgomo

Esikhathini esikoqokoqweni uwina Falsdmitry izinombolo 2 wendawo wesikhashana nje nokunqoba. It is akumangalisi yokuthi uyakwazi ukubeka ngaphansi banner yakhe ngisho ibutho elincane. Indlela ku isitebhisi bakhe umgomo, waqala uhambo edolobheni Belarusian - Propoisk futhi Starodub. Ebonisa isibindi nomkhohlisi owethulwa Dimitri Ioannovich. Ngesikhashana nje wakwazi ukuphinde bakwethembe inqwaba abantu, ubuthe imvelo yabo amasosha le gentry Polish, lo Mnyango kaMgcinimafa, kanjalo njengoba izihlubuki Ivan Bolotnikov. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa lokhu izifundo ezingabazisayo iqembu wathola kwavela bebheke Bryansk, bese Tula. Nokunqoba kokuqala okuphefumulelwe ibutho. Ngenkathi abaseBhabhiloni bevimbezele we dolobha nengxenye yezikhulu lendawo phezu kuya Amanga Dmitry 2, ababethi sobukhosi Russian. Eshayayo Vasiliem Shuyskim, nomkhohlisi wahlulwa eduze Khimki ku Presnya. Noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukuhlela ekamu eduze eMoscow Tushino. It akha wendawo Boyar Duma waqala ukusebenza esimisweni sabo futhi oda. Lzhedmitry 2 endaweni elawulwa enyakatho eMoscow, elalela emadolobheni amakhulu ezifana uVladimir, Yaroslavl, Vologda, Suzdal, Rostov. Ngemva bamba kwezinhloko zamaviyo zokugcina balethwa Tushino isiboshwa Metropolitan Filaret Romanov, okuyinto wamemezela kuye umbhishobhi omkhulu. ukwesekwa okukhulu kwaba nemibhikisho ethandwa, elisekelwa amandla boyars nokunganeliseki Vasiliya Shuyskogo.

eqinisa isikhundla

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kufika ekuphishekeleni amandla futhi inzuzo lula ngoJulayi 1608 e Tushino Marina Mniszek, ongumfelokazi olusemthethweni Falsdmitry 1. Ngaphansi imigomo yesivumelwano ukuxolelana kanye nabasePoland it wadedelwa endle. Kuleso senzakalo, in the "Tushino isela" owesifazane neyaziwayo umyeni wakhe, nokusolakala ukuthi ngisindile ngokuyisimangaliso. Yiqiniso, leli qiniso waphinda ukuqinisekisile isimo umkhohlisi wamanga emehlweni abanye. Laba bobabili kamuva washada ngasese, futhi wazala indodana.

Amandla abahlaseli Polish

Leli zwe lalihlukaniswe ekugcineni efakwe nezinxushunxushu imodi. Ngo Tushino egcekeni ukwehlukana nokunqoba nabasePoland. Kuyinto ezandleni zabo kwaba ukuphathwa, babengiqondisa izenzo zabo onodoli: 2 Politika Lzhedmitriya kwakuqondiswa ngokuphelele nabasePoland. Ukusebenzisa lokhu, nabasePoland bazimisele ziphangwe, zacekela phansi abalimi elula. Endless lomphangi kuphangwa bagijima ku ahlomile izimpendulo bendawo futhi abalimi.

Esikhathini kusuka September 1608 kwi-January 1610-Polish namabutho Lithuanian ayovimbezela Holy Trinity Monastery. Naphezu kwesimo esinzima, abavikeli ka wezindela wakwazi ukubonakalisa nakho konke ukuhlaselwa isitha futhi ukuvikela shrine.

abahlaseli wasePoland ohlala e 1609 wenza umzamo ukuba ziyombamba Smolensk, kodwa akazange aphumelele. Libuye akunakwenzeka ukuba ahlale esihlalweni sobukhosi sika-Prince wakhe Russian - Władysław.

Isiphetho esihlazisayo sezitha

Ngemizamo umholi emangalisayo ezempi kanye owaleli esihle - MV Skopin-Shumsky ihlele Falsdmitry 2 ecasukile. Ngo 1609 ekamu Tushino ekugcineni ngiyaquleka. Esixukwini esinesiyaluyalu ababebuthene wayengafuni muntu ukuba zilalele, bese konke njengawo imali lula. Lzhedmitry 2 wathola akukho okunye kodwa ukuba abalekele Kaluga. Kodwa ngisho nalapho akatholakalanga insindiso: kokufa umkhohlisi atholakala Kaluga esifundeni, lapho udutshulwe servitor sakhe - Urusov P.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isiphetho Ivan Bolotnikova ukuthi asekelwe Falsdmitry 2, sasingekho kancane elibuhlungu. Lona waphuphuthekisa bese ubulawa igalelo ekhanda ngesagila. Bolotnikova isidumbu behliswa emgodini.

Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ngokohlelo lwezikhathi

Ngakho, uma indlela ukuhlaziya ukuthi sekudlule Lzhedmitry 2, kafushane, kunezinyathelo eziyisisekelo eziningana:

-1607 Year - ukubukeka nomkhohlisi, Uyoletha abasindile Falsdmitry 1;

- 1608 - kumiswa ibutho lalo kusukela izinsalela amabutho azo zonke stripes;

-11 Meyi 1608 - ukunqotshwa namasosha kahulumeni ngaphansi kobuholi Shuya, imfundo ekamu Tushino, uthwebule umhlaba omusha;

-1609 Year - ukubukeka yokungezwani e enkambeni, buthaka Falsdmitry isikhundla 2;

-1610 Year - kokuphela ekamu Tushino, ukubaleka Falsdmitry 2 Kaluga;

-11 Disemba 1610 - lokubulala nomkhohlisi owamkhaphelayo Petrom Urusovym.

Indawo uhlala Falsdmitry 2 indawo akwaziwa, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi abaphikisi bangamalungu elinye lamasonto e Kaluga.