"Bison" - hovercraft. kokwehla Small hovercraft iphrojekthi 12322

Ama-Marine - okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi amabutho. Kufanele enze kokwehla izindawo ungakulungele ogwini, lapho kungekho muntu ulinde. Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ukuqinisekisa lokho kunqoba, uhlu olude. Lokhu ukumangala, ijubane kwezidingo endaweni lokubikezela, ngobuqili, ikhono ukuthola ezinamandla umlilo ukwesekwa. Ngokuvamile, ukufika wenziwa usebenzisa kokwehla imikhumbi, ifakwe ramps noma usebenzisa izikebhe asizayo. Kodwa Russian amasosha amandla obuchwepheshe, ezingenakho iyiphi enye impi emhlabeni. imikhumbi iphrojekthi "Zubr" Awukwazi kuphela ukwenza kokwehla, kodwa futhi udlulele ezweni, ngaphandle kokubheka isimo kwenhlabathi, ukushayela uma umlilo futhi lisakazeka netwetwe isitha.

I ucwaningo lokuqala

Imfihlo esheshisa futhi wonke amasondo zibonwe ikumodi yokuqala ezokuthutha. Ophephela enamandla ukudala phansi isitsha overpressure, futhi eba yiqhwa ezingeni ukuphakama kusengaphambili. Umqondo ludabuka ezindaweni eko ngasekupheleni, iSoviet unjiniyela Levkova, owayesebenza Novocherkassk igceke lemikhumbi. Bakha-prototype, yaqanjwa umsunguli yephrojekthi "Levkov-1" (N-1), kodwa, naphezu nethemba sobala, weza emhlabeni ngenjongo 'hhayi inkantolo. " Phakathi nengxenye namathathu banesifo esibi ukugcizelela kunalokho ku bendabuko izindlela bokulwa, kanye ezinhlamvu lesibili kwakubhalwe phakathi "zamahhashi" futhi "emathangini avuzayo." Linganisela umbono omuhle kakhulu kwaba muntu. Umsebenzi waphenduka, wakhumbula kubo kuphela in the 50s, lapho intelligence Soviet wafunda yentuthuko efana entshonalanga.

Design "Diamond" Bureau ethunywe ukudalwa kokwehla izikebhe ekhethekile. yempi Tonnage (yempi, Cruisers) bese uthathe Scrap Metal, kanye nobuholi wezwe lapho sibhekene N. S. Hruscheva bathandile amaphrojekthi engavamile, izinguquko kanye kumnandi. Futhi enjalo waba izibulo "Almaz" - "Slope" kuyinto Symbiosis of izilwane zasemhlabeni, izikebhe ushiye Itheku sixties ekuseni. Ngaphambi cocking Marine isikepe kweenkulumo iphuzu kokwehla nge express isivinini sesitimela (90 km / h). A ozalweni lesi simangaliso ubuchwepheshe kwaba "Zubr" hovercraft.

Alternative imiqondo ye kokwehla

Imoto kokuba chassis ezinamasondo noma zithwalwe ngezinyawo, zingasuswa ezweni nokunqoba izithiyo ezinzima, kodwa izithiyo eziphakeme ububanzi lilinganiselwe. Kukhona hardware armored okungase ukuntanta, kodwa izinga yabo lokuthumela ngokuvamile ayihambisani nombono wokuthi "umkhumbi", base ezihamba kancane futhi kuqhathaniswa engenalusizo umnyango ebhishi. Kukhona yempi, injongo ekhethekile, for the ezokuthutha kanye kokwehla, njengengxenye okungaba eziningana izimoto armored kanye nezisebenzi. Lezi zikebhe futhi babe nemibi, bona sibuthakathaka ngenxa ezihambayo kancane, ngoba ukusebenza ngempumelelo ukulwa imisebenzi badinga ebhange ezifanele. 14% kuphela amabhishi efanelekayo kokufika ne-MDC (isifinyezo kusho encane umkhumbi kokwehla) Ukususwa uhlobo eduze esondela futhi ukuvulwa kummango.

Kunenye olwasungulwa kula mashumi eminyaka amuva. Lokhu kokwehla-umkhathizwe. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi umkhumbi main ikude ogwini, ukulethwa izimoto armored eyenziwa izikebhe ekhethekile self ezinezinjini encane. Kuyinto uyilungele bephonsa indiza bafundzi beliklasi lefana "Mistral". Watshala ngale ndlela Yezimanga Yiqiniso, kuphela ephelele ukubusa umhlaba, umoya namanzi. Kuzokwenzekani amabutho uma abaphikisi has izindlela eziphumelelayo countering (ugu isimiso sokuzivikela, isibonelo), ungakwazi kalula ukucabanga. He is sebenza njengoba ukudla inhlanzi.

Landing izikebhe "Zubr" kuyashesha, akahlali ogwini, firepower yayo kukodwa usongo izivikelo wesitha. Ngokuvamile, kuba pheze i iyindlela enhle kokwehla. Kungaba ukuhlinzekela 78 per cent wezwe zasolwandle kanye ocean ogwini.

izindlu

Ukwakhiwa eziphambili kakhulu zasolwandle kokwehla izindawo emhlabeni esekelwe ukukhiqizwa nocwaningo isizinda, wadala e CB "Almaz". Esikhathini yoma ntambama bemikhumbi Soviet waba nokuhlangenwe nakho yokwakhiwa hovercrafts ( "squid", "Slope" nezinye amaphrojekthi kokwehla izikebhe). KVP afakazelwe "Adelia" (Inombolo yephrojekthi 12321) impumelelo. Ukuthuthukiswa Its waqala elandelayo ikhodi oda 12322 "Zubr". kwakhiwa Main ukwakhiwa esindayo izindlu is njengoba pontoon elingunxande (57,3 L x 25,6 W x 21,9 H, m), ku-okuyinto wagibela superstructure yena, ihlukaniswe amagumbi amathathu longitudinally ngamakhasimende. Ngu ukusebenza kungumongo wezimpahla Isikhala ezinhlangothini zazo zikhona amayunithi amandla, izisebenzi indawo kanye amayunithi ithuthwe, zokuvikela, ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi obalulekile (kuhlanganise esimweni izikhali zembubhiso). abasebenzi Room kokwehla izinhlelo anemisila air-conditioning, umoya omncane, Ukushisa, umsindo, futhi ngci. Kukhona izindawo ukuba sizodla nabo.

Umzimba senziwa ubuchwepheshe eziphothene, impahla - a ephezulu amandla nonmagnetic aluminium-magnesium alloy ephezulu ukugqwala ukumelana.

Umqondo we-layout kungokwalabo umklami induna iphrojekthi Koronatova GD

I kagesi ingxenye

actuators ukulawula - akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. yempi Russian izinhlobo ezivamile eliqhutshwa ophephela izinjini, kwasinda ngwenya, ngezikulufo zazo ukulayishwa ku motors kagesi. amandla uhlelo le MDC "I Bison" kwahlelwa ukuba lula osebenzisa isimiso esifana lokulawula izinhlelo. Umkhumbi i isiguqo emoyeni akulula ukugcina ezingeni ukuphakama predetermined ngaphezu kwamanzi, lokhu kudinga amandla amaningi. Khiqiza amandla ayo, ababili babo based stokilovattny igesi ophephela generator (kukhona ezimbili) ngamunye kuwufanele. I umthamo isamba uhlobo amandla plant-M35, ekhishwa RPC "Dawn - Mashproekt" kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 50 amahhashi. Ukunakekela umkhuzi cu-5 (warhead electromechanical) kukhona ukusatshalaliswa amabhodi main (MDF). Ukuphathwa Kwenziwa ukude kusuka SERS (main post umyalo), eziningi imisebenzi okuzenzakalelayo ukuze sithuthukise Ergonomics. Esikhathini isikimu kukhona aduduze akude.

pneumatics

Gcina umkhumbi esindayo (ukufuduka salo amathani 555) ezingeni ukuphakama enikeziwe futhi kunzima, kuyinto, phela ngeke indiza enophephela emhlane. Le airbag ngaphansi kwalesi sikebhe kudala ezine chetyrehlepestnyh umjovo isikulufa ububanzi 25 000 mm, ifakwe ophoqelelwe isinyathelo izilawuli. Kanye motor kagesi sokukhishwa iyunithi ngayinye (DK-10). ukunyakaza ovundlile kuveza isimiso glissernomu. Pushing ukufika izikebhe emoyeni isiguqo "Zubr" ezintathu bendiza nge adjustable izindwani rotary benethuba Goal ububanzi 55.000 mm, ogibele aletha polymer esiyinhlanganisela lihlala, ukwehlisa umsindo. Ngalezi ophephela yashesha kurekhodi 90 km / h, kanti ushintsho isilinganiso saliphosa ngamunye wabo ikuvumela ukuwuqondisa ngempumelelo.

umngcele isiguqo

Ukuze zichithe emoyeni akayekiwe ezinhlangothini, futhi "wasebenza" ngokubamba isitsha kabuthaka ngesikhathi imvume inikezwe, inqobo Imingcele ezakhayo. Ziyakwazi ebiyelwe nezimo, ngezincwadi ezimbili abaphuma isikimu. Sewugubha nezimo, esinanyathiselwe izakhi ahlukaniswe keels ezimbili crosswise, transverse kanye longitudinal. Konke lokhu akulona uhlelo lula ikuvumela ukuba ngokuphepha "sithembele" emoyeni onomfutho is umshini ezinjalo, njengoba "Bison." Hovercraft ukuphumula noma ihamba kuze kube ingcindezi ilinganisa isisindo sayo iziphakamisile, uma lokhu kudingekile ukuze unqobe semfene sezwe, futhi uwela phansi uma sekuyisikhathi lokufeza indiza athula eziphathelene nezempi. Ngaye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo lwe-kwamanzi noma izwe linjani, imizwelo ububanzi ubanzi ngokwanele, futhi ikhono "khasa" ngalé ugu liwuhlukanise kusukela kweminye kuvamile begodu ezivamile kokwehla izikebhe.

umthamo

Landing izikebhe emoyeni isiguqo "Zubr" ngokugcwele title yayo ngesizotha ukubizwa ngokuthi "amancane". Angakhulula iphuzu oyifunayo esogwini "kuphela" Ibutho ngomshini we-Marine ezimotweni eziyishumi armored nge nabasebenza kuzo. Eqinisweni, ubukhulu namandla isigaba KVP zilingane kuye akukho. On amathuba lokubikezela siyafana kunalokho ukuba umqondo wegama elithi "kokwehla umkhumbi isilinganiso" (kuze kufike komkhulu wabo, wayesalokhu akaphinde asibalele), uma sithatha i Analogue ngesimo esiku Ukususwa isitsha esondela futhi ukuvulwa isiphambukisi emaphethelweni ogwini. Njengoba kuboniswa izimfundiso "West-2009", empeleni itshalwe nge MDKVP "Zubr" ungaba kukho okulandelayo for amayunithi umkhosi:

- ezintathu T-80 (T-90) nesisindo esingamathani 150;

- BMP 8 (115 amathani);

- 10 APCs plus 140 amasosha;

- Eight elintantayo ukukhanya amathangi.

Ukufika itholakala crew izikhala ezine abantu 140 ngamunye. Okungenzeka ukulethwa inketho Manpower kuphela, hhayi imishini, kulesi simo, zikhona namanje izihlalo 366 futhi inani eliphelele servicemen itshalwe anda ukuze anamakhulu mahlanu. Lokhu kungase kudingeke uma kuphakama isidingo ku ukuqinisa, kodwa ebhukuda ukukhuthazela incipha amahora ambalwa. Ama-Marine - nabantu abafanayo, badinga ukuze badle futhi baphumule, futhi izimo ungeyena ukhululekile kakhulu sigibele wezimpahla.

Ukuze lihlala oqondile kukhona amasango acinene, flip-phansi ukwakha kummango ukufinyelela, lihlale phansi.

izikhali

Landing izikebhe "Zubr" - hhayi nje indlela ukulethwa kwabasebenzi kanye nemishini ogwini esiwugwadule ukuhlambalaza kwesitha sayo, angabeka missile kanye wezikhali iziteleka ukucindezela kungenzeka ukumelana igxilile isitha, basekelwe umlilo kanye nokuvikela ekuhlaseleni okwabangelwa izindiza isitha. Ngaphandle kwalezi amakhono ukulwa njengoba ongantuli emehlweni abombutho uzogcinwa a "Umkhombe" elula, ngisho okusheshayo futhi ezikwazi.

Nasi iqoqo "amathuluzi" ukuqinisekisa ukuthi firepower ezidingekayo ifakwe "Zubr". Hovercraft behlome ngemibese:

- missile iziqhumane ezimbili "Umlilo" A-22, siqhumisa unguided rocket ubukhulu 140,3 mm.

- izilungiselelo ezimbili othomathikhi AK-630 30 mm ubukhulu nezinhlamvu e amagobolondo ayizinkulungwane ezintathu.

- Eight anti-aircraft missile izinhlelo "Igla" (opharetha ngezinye izikhathi angaphandle usebenzisa US "Stingers").

Esikebheni kwakuneqembu kukhona isethi Reb "slabbing" ngokuvumela ukuvimba umsebenzi wezokuxhumana isitha futhi ukuthola izinhlelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Bison" ongabeka Izimayini izinhlamvu yizicucu 20. Umkhawulo ukufakwa isikhathi - iri -1 begodu namaminithi 20.

Yiqiniso, ngaphambi kokuba lokhu umkhumbi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu akaphinde asibalele, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zanamuhla kuphela Akufanele bathathe isinyathelo, futhi ibutho lasolwandle, futhi emoyeni, futhi uma kunesidingo - futhi tactically-missile ukwesekwa uzonikezwa kuye.

uzakwabo American

imikhumbi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni, elintantayo ngaphezu kwamanzi, futhi aqukethe enkonzweni US Army. Igama lazo olusemthethweni - LCAC (Landing Craft Air Cushion), ahloselwe injongo efanayo njengoba "Bison." Isakhiwo isampula transoceanic iyahluka kwenye Soviet analog izakhiwo, ezifana superstructure engekho, kodwa kukhona pontoon emphemeni indawo ebiyelwe 182 sq. m, lapho abekwa imishini kanye itshelekwe ukuba kokufika. LCAC onesizotha okuningi, "Bison" futhi ubukhulu namandla sokuphehla amandla (16 eziyinkulungwane. HP). Ubude bayo 27 metres, ububanzi -. 14 m Fuel ukusetshenziswa Nokho, imiqulu, ihora elilodwa, amalitha angamakhulu ayisikhombisa uphethiloli combusted. Isitsha ukala 170 wamathani. Uhamba ke glisserno ngezikulufo ezimbili ububanzi 70 cm kuya ku-3 m kuyisunduzele phambili noma emuva. ngesivinini esiphezulu imayelana okufanayo "Zubr 'isitsha Project. izinjini engeziwe zisetshenziselwa ukuqondisa. Induku ephakamisa unikezwa ophephela ezine iqondiswe phansi. Isisindo Inkokhelo - amathani 70.

Bezama lula ukwakhiwa, onjiniyela American sinqume ukwenza ngaphandle izengezo futhi izindawo kubasebenzi, okuyinto kudala ingozi kokuba zakhukhula phezu ecaleni - emphemeni ngesivinini iba ezishelelayo kusukela amanzi Splashes.

izikhali siqu watercraft asipheli.

Kufinyeta yonke idatha Tactical futhi technical American kokwehla izikebhe emoyeni isiguqo, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi ukulwa layo ikhono kunabayeni izinga "Zubr" cishe aphindeke kathathu. Ama-Marine ebhodini athathe akukho kuka 170 ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi nezempi bomkhumbi. Kodwa lokhu mshini azinake, kodwa ukuncintisana wakhe nge imodeli Soviet yentuthuko akuyona akukho DKVP Western.

ukulawula izinhlobo umkhumbi San Antonio kanye umuvi kudinga ukuqeqeshwa sina, akulula ukuze balukhulume. Le mikhumbi zisekelwe kuphela e-US ngasesinqeni lezindiza ku Virginia.

Kungakanani ishiywa, "Bison"?

Nge zonke izinzuzo zalesi ndlovu emangalisayo kweSoviet umkhakha ukuzivikela abakwazi kodwa ungeze ku umgqomo ekhazimulayo nezinyosi, elihle, akungabazeki, okufanelekelayo ukuba abadali ayo, kanye isipuni esigcwele yomsizi netiyela. Ngesikhathi le kokuwa kweSoviet Union njengengxenye imikhumbi Black Sea kuhlanganise amayunithi eziyisishiyagalombili DKVP "Zubr". Lokhu lamabutho lwemikhumbi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni lahlukaniswa ngokungalingani, kodwa njengabafowabo: Russia ithole ezinhlanu (phakathi kwawo - sibonelo wokuqala, ngeke kubhekwe), nase-Ukraine - emikhunjini emithathu ( "Kramatorsk", "Artemivsk" futhi "Horlivka"). Amaqhawe Wacasulwa wobulungisa jikelele akuyona zinkulu. Azizange kwakudingeka Ukrainian Navy nalabo "Bison", okuyinto efika ukuzigcina kwenzakala ezingaphezu kwamandla omuntu isabelomali lempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e Feodosia zaphela imikhumbi engaphezu ezimbili, enye yazo wehluleke ukugcwalisa. Nalapha futhi, kuyafaneleka ukuphetha uqaphele ukuthi imikhumbi Russian futhi wayala "Bison" hhayi indlela engcono yokuphila kwabo. Lapho Greece (lizwe - ilungu NATO) waveza isifiso sawo sokuba ukuthenga yempi esiyingqayizivele, Ukraine neRussia owawuyidinga wathi ufuna ukuthenga i-pair of izingcezu. I kwathengwa.

Khona-ke, amayunithi ezintathu ezisele zalotshelwa off nalusizo kusukela Naval Forces of Ukraine, futhi, cishe, uthathe Scrap Metal, ukufunwa okuyinto sihlala sikhona.

Ngakho, e-"Bison" yi kusukela amaGreki kakhulu, abantu abaningi kangangokuthi abane. Navy IsiRashiya sinamagama izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili, kuyilapho e-China - oyedwa sidle shipyards Ukraine. By the way, e China sihlelwe ukwakhiwa ngaphezulu amakhophi amane. ochwepheshe Ukrainian abahlinzeke usizo futhi ngemibhalo yomsebenzi.

Ngenxa induduzo, singasho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kulwa "Bison" kulokhu kubulalana Georgian-Abkhaz kwaze kwaba eliyingqayizivele futhi ngempumelelo. Imininingwane ezempi kanye iqhaza kwabo umphakathi alwaziwa.