Andrei Kozyrev: Biography, umsebenzi

Andrei Kozyrev (owazalwa ngo-March 27, 1951) yaba uNgqongqoshe lokuqala Wezindaba Zangaphandle Russia ngaphansi kukaMengameli Yeltsin ngo-Okthoba 1991 kuya ku-January 1996. Waqala ukusebenza e-Ministry of Foreign Affairs wase-USSR ngo-1974, kodwa umsebenzi umbani akazange Kwathi amandla Borisa Eltsina.

Imvelaphi ubuzwe

Lapho eqala uhambo wakhe wokuphila Kozyrev Andrei Vladimirovich? Umlando wakhe uqalile e Brussels, lapho ayesebenza isikhathi eside, uyise, ubunjiniyela kanye nabasebenzi lobuchwepheshe zezinkonzo namanye amazwe. Ngokusho Kozyrev yena ingxoxo yakhe phephandaba "New York Times:" kuleli hlobo, umndeni wakhe (cishe abazali kayise) babaleka emzaneni (ngokusobala, ngesikhathi collectivization). Kozyrev omalume amabili ayengoMahaloni nezikhonzi Army zaseSoviet elisezingeni sombutho.

Mayelana unina nje ukuthi nokwami yena, ngokusobala, wayengumJuda, ngoba Kozyrev eyilungu Ephakeme KaHulumeni WamaJuda Russian Congress, futhi amaJuda isinqumo ukuhola umkhaya wabo ngasohlangothini lukanina. Ngakho ubani-ke, Kozyrev Andrey Vladimirovich? Ubuzwe kuye bha wazibonakalisa iqiniso ukhetho KaHulumeni lenhlangano ngenhla: wayengumJuda. Nakuba lwemibuzo yakhe Soviet njalo kumugqa "ubuzwe", "Russian."

kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo

Andrei Kozyrev wafunda esikoleni ezikhethekile Spanish, okwasiza kakhulu kuye ukubhalisa ekolishi. Kodwa ekuqaleni akazange bafisa ukuba aphishekele imfundo ephakeme basezikoleni eziphakeme kanye wahamba wayosebenza njengoba umakhenikha ngesikhathi eyisibonelo eMoscow Machine-Isakhiwo Isitshalo "Kommunar", okusho ukuthi ngemva konyaka owodwa ukuba sebuthweni (le nguqulo lapho ubeka interview lakhe umagazini "Forbes"). Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka okhandlayo yezinto eziza kuqala ekuphileni kwakhe zishintshile kakhulu, futhi u-Andreya waya unobhala Party Jikelele eMnyangweni wakhe ukuba ukuncoma kwe yokwemukela ekolishi.

Lo mbhalo yanikwa, futhi naye umfakisicelo waya e-University of them. Patrice Lumumba, okuyinto wamukela kuphela izincomo enjalo. Kodwa ukukwenza ukuvimbela ukufinyelela izimfihlo isimo etholwe ngokuhamba umsebenzi "Communards" (phela kule "inyuvesi" kwadingeka eziningi abafundi angaphandle). Nokho, ikomiti party "Communards" ukulungiswa ephutheni lakhe futhi ubhale yonke nokuncoma MGIMO. Naye Andrei Kozyrev ngo-1969 namanje iza kuleli eyunivesithi ephakemeko futhi ngathola iziqu ngempumelelo eminyakeni emihlanu.

Qala dipkarery nokushintsha izwe

Ngemva kokuqeda izifundo zakhe, u-Andrei Kozyrev wayosebenza uMnyango International Izinhlangano (UMO), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, elaba nesandla ezintweni eziphathelene UN, izingalo control, kuhlanganise izikhali ezingamagciwane namakhemikhali. Eminyakeni emithathu ezayo walungisa wasivikela ukubhala indima UN ngo inqubo detente 70s.

Ngo-1975, Kozyrev lokuqala luhamba phesheya - e-United States. oneminyaka engu-24 ubudala Soviet ohlakaniphile nakho, wathi, ukushaqeka wangempela ngalokho akubona lapho isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona. Wayezokwenza ngikhumbula amazwi uVladimir Mayakovsky: "AbaseSoviet nokuziqhenya siqu! On wobunxiwankulu obukela phansi! "Kodwa ngokusobala, kabi wakhulela ukuthi ukuqhosha ezifanayo eziyizinhlupheko osomaqhinga abasha Soviet.

Igalelo yesibili isimo Kozyrev wayefunda inoveli Borisa Pasternaka "Doctor Zhivago". Wavuma sakhe kule interview efanayo, "Forbes", wayesengumoya "ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni yangaphakathi futhi uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, futhi limelene namaSoviet."

Umsebenzi esikhathini Soviet

Kozyrev kunzima kakhulu ukuya phezulu isitebhisi umsebenzi. Umsebenzi unomphela phesheya awuthunyelwanga, ngemva kweminyaka engu-12 yenkonzo, wasukuma, isikhundla sokuba inhloko yomnyango we EMA. A indima ebaluleke kakhulu ikusasa lakhe kudlalwa nobuhlobo obuhle Eduard Shevardnadze, abeza Ministry Foreign ngo-1988 kuya esikhundleni Andrey Gromyko. Ungqongqoshe omusha uqale kabusha olukhulu Jikelele eMnyangweni wakhe. Lapho-ke Kozyrev waba inhloko yalawa EMA, esikhundleni umuntu othile owayephunyukile wayemdala kunezingane kuye iminyaka engu-20. Ngo-1989, Kozyrev owanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini "International Affairs" sihloko abukhali ukugxeka inqubomgomo angaphandle likahulumeni waseSoviet, ngokuthi ukuba senqabe ukusekela eziningi mbumbulu amazwe-umbimbi. Article zibhaliwe "New York Times", sinqamukile wehlele Politburo. Kodwa Shevardnadze asekelwe isikhundla sakhe.

Njengomkhulumeli yisikhonzi

Through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the umsebenzi wangaphambili Lukin, owaba usihlalo Foreign Relations Committee iPhalamende RSFSR, Kozyrev amachwane usihlalo ithimba Boris Yeltsin ePhalamende. Wamiswa Minister of Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwaba luyingxenye zokuhlobisa, akukho inqubomgomo angaphandle self-Russian e-USSR akahambanga.

Ngemva kuhlulekile Icebo lika umzamo ngo-1991, wayesemsebenzini ithimba abagqugquzeli bezinguquko abasha, ezazihlanganisa Egora Gaydara futhi Anatoly Chubais, abahlanganyela ne Kozyrev pro-Western ovulekile kwezifiso zakhe yeningi. Ngezinye Gennady Burbulis walungisa ku Bialowieza Ihlathi ngoDisemba 1991, idokhumenti ku kuqedwa eU.SSR CIS.

Kozyrev yathi iRussia wayezama uzakwethu we West eMpini post-Cold emhlabeni ukuze abasafufusa. Waqalisa izivumelwano ezinkulu ku izingalo control ne-United States. Liphinde Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi njengoba omunye abasekeli kunazo asebenzayo we liberalism kanye nentando yeningi post-lamaKhomanisi Russia.

Kwaziwa kahle kamhlophe (ngokuvumelana Yevgeny Primakov) Kozyrev ethi Russia luye lwashukumisa nesithakazelo kazwelonke futhi edinga usizo oluvela e-United States ngo-ukuthuthukiswa yabo. Angizange melanani ukunwetshwa NATO eMpumalanga ekuqaleni '90s, okwenza ukuba iphikiswe abukhali kosopolitiki yakhe abaningi Russian. Nomthelela ukubusa waseRussia kuhlelo NATO "Ubumbano Ukuthula", okwaphumela ukuhoxiswa onamawala futhi babe amabutho Russian evela eJalimane ngo-1994.

inqubomgomo uNgqongqoshe Manpower ukuthi inqophe wokugoqa Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Phakathi neminyaka kobuholi bakhe ejensi kwashiya abantu abangaphezu kuka-1 ayizinkulungwane bosomaqhinga onekhono.

Ekubona kusengaphambili ukwesula kwakhe osekuseduze, uNgqongqoshe ihlelwe ngokuhlakanipha ngo-1995 ukhetho yakhe eya Duma State, wabe esethi ukwesula Yeltsin sika, esanikwa isikhulu kuye. Okwesikhathi esithile wasebenza ephalamende isiRashiya, bese wasuka ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe. Kodwa-ke kungenzeka baphelelwa sezombusazwe owaziwa, Kozyrev Andrey Vladimirovich? Lapho uhlala owayeyinhloko Russian Ministry Foreign. Wagogobala Miami. Le ehlobo, wanika nge-intaviyu "New York Times", lapho wayezwakalisa ithemba ushintsho ngokushesha kwenqubomgomo eRussia. Nokho, silinde sibone.

Kozyrev Andrey Vladimirovich: umndeni empilweni yakho

Namuhla iqhawe lethu ethamele ilanga futhi ukufunda tomes mayelana kwedemokhrasi emhlabeni. Ngezikhathi ezithile iza phezu eWashington ukubamba iqhaza emihlanganweni American Foreign Policy Council, enezela Imininingwane kohlaziyo ukuba namalungu Congress.

Futhi lokho emkhayeni Kozyrev Andrei Vladimirovich? Umkakhe Elena yake isisebenzi Ministry Foreign. Ngubani imikhaya yawo evamile. Banezinhliziyo Indodana yabo eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala u-Andreya.