Amahomoni adrenal kanye nendima yabo emzimbeni womuntu

Ama-hormone e-adrenal abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimbeni womuntu, ngoba ngosizo lwabo ukuthi izinqubo zokugaya umzimba kwe-carbohydrate namaprotheni zilawulwa, kanye nomsebenzi wezinhlelo eziphakathi kwezinzwa nezinhliziyo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uthole ukuthi yiziphi ama-hormone ama-gland adrenal akhiqiza, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngesakhiwo sabo.

Isifinyeto se-Adrenal gland

Izithobezi ezincane ziyizinhlayiyana ezincane eziphuziweyo eziphethwe ngqo ngaphezu kwezinso. Ingubo ngayinye enjalo iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili, ezihlukile emisebenzini yazo, izici zokuziphatha nokuziphatha.

Ngenhla kutholakala okuthiwa yi-cortical substance, ebuye ibe nezinhlamvu ezintathu ezihlukene: indawo ye-glomerular itholakala ngaphandle, khona-ke isisindo sitholakale, futhi isifunda esifundeni sinamathele ngqo engxenyeni yangaphakathi yezinhlayiya ze-adrenal-ibhola lobuchopho.

Indima yezinhlayiya ze-adrenal ibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Leli qiniso liye lafakazelwa ngokuhlola. Isibonelo, uma zombili izidakamizwa zisusiwe, isilwane sashona ngokushesha.

Amakhomitha wezingqimba ze-cortical zezinhlayiya ze-adrenal

Uhlaka lwama-cortic lwama-gland luveza lonke uchungechunge lwe- hormone yama- steroid, okuthiwa i-corticosteroids. Into esemqoka yokwenziwa kwama-hormone anjalo yi-cholesterol, engena emzimbeni ngokudla. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-hormonal kwenziwa ku-mitochondria yamaseli.

Esikhathini esicacile futhi esicacile sezingqungquthela eziyingozi, okuthiwa i-glucocorticoids ikhiqizwa, kanti i-gloomer glomerular inesibopho sokubunjwa kwemineralocorticoids. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-androgens encane, ama-hormone ezocansi omzimba womuntu, akhiwe endaweni ebonakalayo.

I-glucocorticoids yizinto ezibalulekile kakhulu ze-hormone, ukubaluleka okukuthi kunzima ukugcizelela kakhulu imvelo. Isibonelo, yizi-hormone ezilawula umsebenzi we-enzyme ezilawula ukugaya umzimba kwe-glucose. Ukwethulwa kokufakelwa kwama-glucocorticoids emzimbeni kwandisa inani le-glycogen esibindi futhi kwandisa izinga le- glucose egazini. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ngaphansi kwethonya lama-hormone, ukuyeka amaprotheni synthesis kubonakala. Ngokuphazamiseka okukhulu futhi ukwehla kula mahomoni, kutholakala i- muscle atrophy.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glucocorticoids ibalulekile emsebenzini wobuchopho, ngoba uma ingenalo, lo muntu ulahlekelwa ikhono lokuhlukanisa iphunga nokuthanda. Uma isizinda se- hormonal siphazamiseka, ukucubungula kolwazi kuwohloka.

Umphumela we-glucocorticoids ohlelweni lwe-immune uye wafakazelwa, njengoba ukwehla kwenani labo kwandisa ama-lymph nodes ne-thymus gland.

I-Mineralocorticoids yi-hormones engama-adrenal ebhekene nokulinganisela kwamanzi nosawoti emzimbeni womuntu. Zilawula izinqubo zokushintshaniswa kwe-ion, ikakhulukazi i-potassium ne-sodium. Yileyo ndlela ukulawulwa kwegazi kanye noketshezi olukhishwe izinso kulawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la mahomoni adrenal alawula umsebenzi wezinhlanzi zenhliziyo.

I-Androgens yi-hormone yesondo yama-gland adrenal, okwandisa kuphela umphumela wezinto ezikhishwe yizinhlayiya zobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenxa ye-androgens ukuthi imisipha ikhula futhi ikhulise ivolumu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi emadodeni izinga lezinto ezinjalo ze-hormonal liphakeme kakhulu. Ukwandisa izinga labo egazini labesifazane kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezici zesondo zocansi zesilisa.

Amakhomitha we-adrenal medulla

Le ngxenye yegland ikhiqiza okuthiwa "ama-hormone okucindezeleka", ebumbene ngaphansi kwama-catecholamines. La mahomoni adrenal yi-adrenaline, i-dopamine ne-norepinephrin. Yilezi zinto eziqala ukukhishwa ngokweqile egazini ngokuhlangenwe nakho okunamandla, ukungezwani kokukhathazeka, injabulo, injabulo, ukwesaba, njll. Ngaphansi kwethonya labo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukucindezeleka kwegazi, ukuguquka kwegazi okusheshayo, ngokuyinhloko, ukwehla kwe-glycogen kuma-monomers. Ngendlela, wonke ama-catecholamines akhiqizwa ngumzimba womuntu, ososayensi baye bafunda ukuhlanganiswa endaweni yangaphandle.