Battle of Moscow 1941

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili uyazi ekunqobeni abalulekile kanye nemicimbi kwesibhamu. Kodwa Battle of eMoscow ophethe endaweni ekhethekile emlandweni. Kukulo muzi lapho, ngaphansi izindonga itshe elimhlophe, ibutho lamaJalimane yanqotshwa yayo enkulu kuqala. Eduze eMoscow kwathiwa cishe wangcwatshwa plan "Blitzkrieg" kaHitler, futhi inganekwane ayenganqobeki yempi ka-Third Reich iye ziyadalulwa phakade.

Ngokuvamile, Battle of eMoscow siqanjwe isethi eziyinkimbinkimbi wezimpi kanye nokusebenza, eyaqala ngo-nsimu enkulu futhi ukuwa okuqhubekayo 1941 futhi ebusika 1942.

Kulezi zenzakalo, kokubili front yahanjelwa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili, amathangi ayizinkulungwane ezimbili, engaba izinkulungwane ezimbili izindiza kanye ezingaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu ezahlukene ukulwa izibhamu.

Ngu uhlobo izenzakalo empi eMoscow zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ukuzivikela futhi zihlasela.

Battle of Moscow 1941: esiteji ukuzivikela

Ekwindla ka '41, amabutho aseSoviet bexoshwa Kiev, Smolensk, siphumele Leningrad. Kharkiv, laseDonetsk esifundeni, eCrimea wasongelwa lungabanjwa. amabutho aseJalimane uthwele ukulahlekelwa omkhulu lamasosha nezempi, kodwa, nokho, namanje ephethwe isinyathelo ecasula futhi iphathe liphindelela baphuthuma empumalanga.

Ngo Headquarters kaHitler uye wazakhela operation ekhethekile "iSiphepho" ukuyokudla inhlokodolobha yase-USSR. Ngokusho lo msebenzi, nomuzi wawungowegolide kuncike ejele ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele ukuthi akekho ohlala bengakwazanga ukulishiya. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukubhujiswa okuphelele nezikhukhula eMoscow. Abasinda kwakungekho ukuba. Amanxiwa kufanele ukuba sigcwale isihlabathi, wavala phezu isikhumbuzo behlonipha ibutho esinganqobeki German. Ngokuphawulekayo, itshe lesikhumbuzo kwalethwa eMoscow nge nezempi.

Bebheke eMoscow bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo izimpi ezintathu Soviet: eNtshonalanga, Bryansk and Reserve. Ngokumelene nabo wema-German Army Iqembu "Isikhungo" of abangaphezu kwesigidi amasosha. Kwakungesona nje nengxenye izibhamu, amathangi kanye izindiza wezindleko, ngaleso sikhathi possessed ibutho likaHitler.

Ibutho laseSoviet ngaleso sikhathi lalilincane kakhulu esiqiwini izikhali, kanye izinga kwakukubi. Ngakho-ke, ku-esigabeni ukuzivikela we amabutho aseSoviet kwakudingeka kube nzima kakhulu.

Mozhaisk futhi Volokolamsk isiqondiso kuyinto enqamulelayo eMoscow. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi owaqala a izimpi ezinesihluku kakhulu ngokuba izindlela enhlokodolobha. amasosha aseSoviet waba ukumelana nobuqhawe ngempela. amabutho ngokungalingani kuthiwa inxephezelwa ubuqhawe siqu. Izindleko yezimpilo zabo, bazama ungalahlekelwa isitha ukuze inhliziyo njengezitha zezwe lokhokho.

isimo zokuvimbezela kwathiwa eMoscow namadlelo ayo. Izakhamuzi ukulungiselela ekumeleleni umuzi wabo.

Noma kunjalo, ekupheleni kuka-October 41 Commander Zhukov ezihlongozwayo ukushintsha ukuzivikela esiphikisayo kuhlasela. Umsebenzi we-amabutho aseSoviet efuna ukunqoba laba amaqembu isiteleka isitha nekugwema usongo eduze eMoscow.

Battle of eMoscow, ebusika 1942: qophelo okuhlaselayo

Ngo-December 6, iRed Army okubhekana ngowokuqala sina esiphikisayo kuhlasela enyakatho naseningizimu ye eMoscow. zone okuhlaselayo zenzeka amakhilomitha 1,000 - kusukela Yelets ukuze Kalinin. Ngawo-December 9 smogs amabutho ethu ukuze ibenze isitha cishe u-40 amakhilomitha. Nokho, amaJalimane, futhi kwadingeka izikhali kakhulu, kodwa hhayi ilungele ukulwa nokhahlo Russian ebusika nesingasoze sahlulwa ubuqhawe siqu amasosha aseSoviet. Kuthinta futhi ukuntuleka reserve amabutho esitha.

Hitler waphoqeleka ukuba isayine ukuze ukuhambisa amaviyo alo kwimodi ukuzivikela, ukuhlehlela emuva kusukela izikhundla ngesikhathi esifanayo iningi ojenene bakhe futhi ukushintsha umyalo omkhulu phezu ngokuphelele. Kodwa isimo phambili, wayengasakwazi zonke ukugqashula kuyo.

Ukuze entsha 1942 amabutho aseJalimane abangu esehlehlisa kusuka eMoscow kakade amakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili, Kalinin futhi Kaluga bakhululwa amaNazi. usongo ngokushesha ukuthunjwa eMoscow kwakungasekho.

Inani Battle of Moscow

Akungabazeki ukuthi lesi senzakalo abathintekayo inkambo seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, njengoba Battle of eMoscow waletha lokuqala kokunqoba umxhwele amabutho aseSoviet. Ukuthwebula yenhloko-dolobha ngabe kucekela phansi izwe futhi kuholele ekunqobeni kumhambela iJalimane lamaNazi. Futhi lapha waba nendima hhayi ingxenye ngokwengqondo kuphela. Esifundeni Moscow, eziningi izakhiwo zezimboni kanye okuvikela bagxila owayesebenza kulo lonke impi. Uveza 70% izindiza, ahlomele impi, iningi amagobolondo.

Uma isitha ukuthi kwawona ezindongeni yenhloko-dolobha, isimo salo amasosha aseSoviet wenyukela kakhulu. Lokhu ngomdlandla nokholo ngaphandle kwemibandela ngukunqoba wasiza kamuva e Battle of eKursk futhi kwaseStalingrad.

Kusukela esemqoka Ngenxa Battle of eMoscow wasiza ukunqoba Ukubuthelela best of amabutho aseJalimane - elihamba kanye ethangini.

amabutho aseSoviet kakhulu ngilunge emva le mpi. ezingxenyeni ezihlukene angawodwa Sekuvele kufakazelwe empini, aye ahlanganiswa namanye zibe division esisha izinduna enokuzethemba abanolwazi.

Lokho eMoscow isibe Rubicon okuyothi kuhlulekile ukudlula amabutho aseJalimane eMpini Yezwe II.