Battle of Tsushima 1905 Naval Battle e-Sea of Japan. Tsushima Strait

Battle of Tsushima 1905 yemikhumbi Russian ePacific isuka Japanese Imperial Navy lahluleka kwasani. Ngenxa yalokho, kolwandle impi isigaba Russian wahlulwa futhi ubhujiswe. Ingxenye eyinhloko yempi Russian ukuthi torpedoed amatilosi Japanese kahle waphuphuma zezisebenzi. Eminye imikhumbi iye yamemezela umaluju zabo, ngemikhumbi emine kuphela wabuyela ogwini itheku lwakubo. Russian-Japanese impi (1904-1905) yaphela nge ukunqotshwa okukhulu lempi imikhumbi Russian ngasogwini Tsushima esiqhingini (Japan). Yiziphi izizathu kokunqotshwa, futhi kwaba khona nenye umphumela kungenzeka lwezenzakalo?

I bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa isimo eMpumalanga Ekude

impi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905 saqala ukugasela amaJapane lasolwandle abachithi elwa on shumbi Russian kumi emigwaqweni ePort Arthur. ezimbili esindayo wezikhali imoto futhi isitsha ebusweni balinyazwa ukuhlaselwa torpedo. Umlando zaseMpumalanga Ekude has a lot of isinyathelo sezempi. Bonke ayehloselwe abambe futhi kabusha division of ayezozibusa kule ngxenye ezweni Russian.

isifiso Japan ukubusa Northeast China futhi enhlonhlweni Korean ngamandla kusekelwa izwe laseBrithani nelase-United States of America. I ambalwa umbimbi isiRashiya, ezifana eFrance, eJalimane nabanye, odabeni oluphathelene nokukhululwa kwabo kulondolozwe izindawo Russian asekelwe kakhulu Russian uMbusi uNicholas II. Nokho, izikhathi juqu amasu wazama kodwa futhi abathathi hlangothi. Nyusa umbimbi wabonakaliswa kuphela uma uhambisane izithakazelo zabo commercial.

Strategic ekuthathweni

Ngokuqhubekayo kuciniswa kuhlasela Japanese ePort Arthur, base eyinhloko Russian Pacific Fleet, ophoqelelwe uMbusi uNicholas II ukuthatha amagadango. Uthe lesi sinqumo senziwa ngoJulayi 1904. Mandle isigaba Pacific ukunqoba futhi abhubhise imikhumbi Japanese yathunyelwa kusuka Kronstadt isigaba ngaphansi kobuholi Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky.

Kuyinto endleleni imikhumbi Baltic bethola ukuthi abantu ePort Arthur esithathwayo, nayo yonke imikhumbi e migwaqo enezikhukhula. Pacific imikhumbi libhujiswa. Lona ngumlando laseThire elingasolwandle Ekude yeRussia. Nokho, uNicholas II enquma ukuqhubeka indlela yemikhumbi kombuso ogwini Japan. Ukuze aqinise isigaba ehlasela esuka khona oLwandle iBaltic ithunyelwe ihlukane ukulwa imikhumbi engemuva Admiral N. I. Nebogatova.

Ngokungalingani amandla abaphikisi

Intuthuko Battle of Tsushima angase kusengaphambili inani Amayunithi izinhlangothi aphikisanayo. Pacific imikhumbi Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky kuhlanganisiwe:

• 8 isigaba ezisindayo wezikhali imikhumbi (yempi) ngokumelene 4 Japanese;
• 3 Coast Guard yempi ngokumelene 6 imikhumbi kwesitha;
• 1 kuya ku-8, kreyserny amayunithi armadillo Imperial imikhumbi Japanese;
• 8 kuya ku-16, Cruisers Cruisers Japanese;
• 5 kuya 24 ephethwe izinkantolo Japan empi;
• 9 Russian ngokumelene 63 Japanese kubabulali.

Inzuzo okusobala silwa Japanese Admiral Togo Heyhatiro liyazikhulumela. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabangane Japanese imikhumbi ukulwa singcono kakhulu Russia kuzo zonke izici, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umlando izimpi zasolwandle eRussia lezwakala acebile kakhulu. Japanese imicibisholo bokulwa ngobuciko kahle ubuciko lanqoba isitha at uhla olude, nomunye target ngemikhumbi eziningana. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwakungelona imikhumbi yaseRussia. I umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu nkathi kwaba yamathanga imperial (yamathanga), imishini zasolwandle, esiqhutshwa njalo ngonyaka phezu oda koMbusi uNicholas II.

Amaphutha yezinqumo Umkhuzi Russian

Inhloso yesu hambo Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo kwaba ukuthunjwa-Sea of Japan. isimo esinjalo wakhululwa uMbusi uNicholas II. Nokho, ZP Rozhdestvensky oboné injongo yalo kokulandelayo: yimaphi amabutho, kungakhathaliseki ukulahlekelwa okukhulu izimoto zabo, ukuze ifohle iye Vladivostok. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukugwema iziqhingi Japanese empumalanga, kuyoba isinqumo osendaweni olungile, futhi Tsushima impi asolwandle Ngeke kwenzeke.

Kodwa undunankulu wakhetha ehlukile, indlela emfushane. Kwanqunywa ukuba balungise sisebunzimeni. Korea Strait ohlanganisa baseMpumalanga China nabaseNingizimu Sea of Japan, uya emhlabeni esiqhingini Tsushima, okuyinto yena, has izindlela ezimbili: entshonalanga futhi lengxenye empumalanga (Tsushima Strait). Kwaba kukhona ukuthi amatilosi Russian futhi walindela Heytatiro Japanese Admiral Togo.

Zonke izindima avimbelwe

Umkhuzi imikhumbi Japanese amkhethile ilungelo ihlelo lamaqhinga lesikhathi ubutha kungenzeka. Patrol imikhumbi uchungechunge lahlelwa phakathi iziqhingi, okungase wazise umlawuli mayelana aqondisa kungenzeka futhi indlela lwemikhumbi Russian. Emaphethelweni Vladivostok Japanese ngokuhlakanipha ukubeka minefields. Konke sekulungele ukulwa. imikhumbi Japanese Battle of Tsushima kulindeleke indlela le mikhumbi Russian. Pacific Fleet umkhuzi wenqaba ukubhekwa zasolwandle, owesaba kokutholakala isigaba sakhe intelligence Cruisers isitha.

Ekuseni ngovivi impi ye Tsushima, usuku ka-May 14, 1905, kwaqala.

Umphumela ezisobala impi enkulu yokuqothulwa kwehlathi lase-Russian-Japanese War

Thumela armada Motley ezinjalo ezintathu ocean abaningi babefa ubuhlanya. Kulesi umkhankaso esasizobhujiswa wathumela Veterans nge izindlela bakhathale, clocked kuze amakhulu izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha yamatilosi zakamuva, lesi sakhiwo ngokubhuduzela, ayizange iphumelele izitsha test. njalo Amatilosi ubheke emikhunjini yabo njengabantu ezingaphili esinemizwa. Armadillos nge amagama ojenene adumile njengo ngokuqondile wayengafuni ukuya lokufa.

Basuke wanamathela indlela phansi ukushelela, ocwilayo kude izindonga ifektri e ukulungisa, yahlala phansi ebhange, wakhonza izimpawu eziyisixwayiso njengoba kusobala ukuthi kwakungahlosiwe nabasebenza kuzo.

It akakholelwa amabika?

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 e-studio ashisiwe imodeli inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-yempi "uMbusi u-Alexander III». Kusungulwe kulomkhumbi kwaphawulwa kokuwa Flagpole namazinga yasebukhosini futhi ephelezelwa izisulu womuntu.

Battleship "Eagle" yacwila ngemva ethekwini civil, futhi kamuva izikhathi eziningana babehlezi balahleke, baxoxelane ne isigaba Gulf. Battleship "Inkazimulo" ngokuvamile zehlulekile ukuya izintaba.

Nokho, umyalo obuphakeme yimuphi kokungabaza ezazingaziwa. Septhemba 26, 1904 ku Revel (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo-Tallinn) labetibambile aphakeme umbukiso yasebukhosini. UNicholas II wazungeza yonke imikhumbi kanye amatilosi wafuna ukufinyelela abantu ePort Arthur bese uxhumane isigaba sokuqala Pacific Fleet ngokubambisana kahle-Sea of Japan. Ngemva kwesonto, yempi eziyisikhombisa, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, kubabulali wake washiya ugu abahlala bomdabu. umkhankaso wezinsuku ezingu-220-Japanese osogwini olusenyakatho ubude ayizinkulungwane 18 nautical miles uqalile.

izehlakalo

Inkinga eyinhloko ezibhekene umyalo isigaba, - iyinkinga nophethiloli. Ngaphansi komthetho International Maritime ngesikhathi yempi ka sokulwa ukuba aye emachwebeni ephathini kokungathathi hlangothi kuphela ngosuku. England, ngubani elawulwa kakhulu ukulayisha iziteshi ku umzila we isigaba, ivaliwe nezimbobo zawo ngenxa yempi Russian.

Supply isigaba amalahle, amalungiselelo namanzi okuphuza, kwadingeka ukuba ahlele ngqo olwandle. Ukuze ukulungisa ke kwaba ifakwe ekhethekile yokufundisa "eKamchatka", ephelele amavolontiya sezingcweti. Phela, nabo wabelane isiphetho amatilosi. Ngokuvamile, ukuqaliswa ukusebenza amasu ka isikali kokufaneleka ezifana amaphuzu aphezulu.

Olwaba nzima amalahle ukulayisha olwandle, ukushisa babulawa ezishisayo, lapho izinga lokushisa emakamelweni kubhayela safinyelela 70º Celsius, sekuseduze ukuba kugadle inhlekelele off the Cape Wethemba Good - konke lokhu akuzange kuwumise ukuhamba isigaba. Akekho imikhumbi ababuyanga.

Circumnavigation lweminyaka ngokusebenzisa izilwandle ezintathu

isigaba isiRashiya, like a ghost emkhathizwe, akuvamile esondela nezimbobo futhi emathekwini. Izwe lonke usibukele ezihambayo. International yocingo futhi ngocingo abangu zigcwale ngokweqile. Correspondents kanye izintatheli agade isigaba lonke umzila:

• Port Said (Egypt);
• Djibouti (East Africa);
• Aden (Yemen);
• Dakar (Senegal);
• Conakry (Guinea);
• Cape Town (South Africa).

Kodwa yonke imizamo ayiphumelelanga. Eyokuqala yokupaka eside kwaba e-Bay Masiba (Madagascar). Kukhona futhi wajoyina sihamba squad engemuva Admiral DG Felkerzama ingemuva, zinyanga Imi iDemo ngokusebenzisa Suez Canal. Phakathi izivivinyo eMadagascar Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky yena wayeqiniseka ukungakwazi abangaphansi ukudubula ngokunembile futhi bethonya kahle.

Nokho, lesi akusona isimanga. Crews kwamiswa ikakhulukazi ukubuthela futhi ibhokisi isigwebo. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili - gxuma ngaphesheya koLwandle lwaseNdiya. Ngokungenamkhawulo isigaba ukhathele wahlangana nabadobi Chinese eStraits e Singapore, the Vietnamese e Cam Ranh. Popular halichondriidae wayebona esiqhingini Jeju-Korean pearl abatshuzi. Maduze uqale Battle of Tsushima, usuku kokufa isigaba wasondela.

I Salvo lokuqala ngesikhathi isitha

Emahoreni angu-13 amaminithi 40 iwuhlelo yempi "Prince Suvorov" eliholwa uCaptain 1st isikhundla V. Ignatsiusa walala Yiqiniso, esenyakatho-mpumalanga kamuva 23. imizuzu Nine, izibhamu zakhe esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise kubanikazi imikhumbi Japanese, ngisho kubaneka kokugqashuka impendulo ngemizuzu emibili volleys. Tsushima impi asolwandle waqala. Iningi umphumela Amatilosi ecacile ngisho Petersburg.

Kusukela incwadi umkhuzi crew we Guards yempi "uMbusi u-Alexander III» uCaptain 3rd isikhundla NM Buhvustova: "Ufuna ukuba bawine. Akubuzwa, sifuna ke. Kodwa ngokuwina akuyona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ngiyathembisa ukuthi sizokwenza bonke bayafa, kodwa ungayeki. " Umlawuli wasigcina isithembiso sakhe futhi wabulawa kanye Ukwakheka egcwele yempi.

Battle of Tsushima, kafushane mayelana main

Emahoreni angu-14 futhi imizuzu engu-15, ncamashi imizuzu engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu, ngemuva kokuqala kwempi, yempi "Oslabya" eliholwa uCaptain 1st isikhundla V I. Berom, nge strong Vasitis ekhaleni futhi umlilo omkhulu kwi Rostra Kwehla wawa ohlangothini lwesobunxele . Ngemva kwemizuzu eyishumi, lapho seliphelile ngaphansi kwamanzi, kusale kuphela izingcezwana ukhuni ulwe e abantu amanzi phezu.

Nokho, kusasele imizuzu embalwa ngemva kokufa "Oslabya" enye ngemva kwenye awahlelanga imikhumbi torpedoed amatilosi Japanese.

Ngu amahora 16 awahlelanga yempi "Prince Suvorov", okuyinto yabhidlika wayonakalisiwe ngu amagobolondo Japanese. Ekhumbula lesi siqhingi ovutha amalangabi, kuba amahora angaba mahlanu ukubonakalisa ukuhlaselwa isitha. Esikhathini imizuzu lokugcina amatilosi Russian aziphindiselela lokusinda trohdyuymovki futhi izibhamu kuphela. Battleship wathola eziyisikhombisa torpedo hits futhi wangena phansi emanzini.

Kancane ngaphambili Ngakwazi ukususa Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo nabasebenzi ku umchithi "Wild Omunye". Abantu abangu-23 bashiya imizi yabo. akekho owakwazi ukusindisa more. Wayala yempi futhi wafa kuye induna isikhundla 1st, abanamakhono umdwebi zasolwandle Vasiliy vasilevich Ignatsius.

Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi Russian-Japanese impi efile umculi ezimbili ezimangalisayo, kokubili alumni we Marine Corps, futhi ngumuntu ukuqondana ongaziwa namesake egcwele. Eyesibili umculi - kuyinto Vasiliy vasilevich Vereschagin, waminza kanye yempi "Petropavlovsk" ngasogwini ePort Arthur. Nakuba ngesikhathi esifanayo naye wabulawa Admiral S. O. Makarov, oye sanqoba izimpi eziningi ulwandle eRussia kanye kwaba inkazimulo nokuziqhenya yemikhumbi yaseRussia. Ukulandela iwuhlelo "Knyaz Suvorov" Russian Imperial Fleet elahlekile:

• "Sisoy Veliky 'aholwa likakaputeni 1st isikhundla M. P. Ozerova;
• yempi "Navarino", eholwa uCaptain 1st Rank, uBaron B. A. Fitingofom;
• impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Admiral Nakhimov" kuyinto ilawulwe kamuva yabayisa induna isikhundla 1st A. Rodionova;
• yempi "Admiral Ushakov", ogama umkhuzi kwaba uCaptain 1st isikhundla V N. Mikluhina (umkhumbi ubulele lokugcina isigaba Russian);
• "Admiral Senyavin" eliholwa uCaptain 1st isikhundla S. I. Grigorevym, ngubani lathunjwa Japanese.

Le nhlekelele uyaqhubeka

Battle of Tsushima ngo-1905 abaningi basusa ku amatilosi Russian ezijulile futhi imikhumbi yabo imikhulu. Enye ukufa yempi nezilima bangena emanzini nazo zonke izandla ebhodini. Kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina e abantu - kusukela induna kuya Stoker - ayenethemba lokuthi sizokwazi ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba Battle abesabekayo Tsushima (1905) futhi Yiqiniso, esenyakatho-mpumalanga ogwini Russian 23 kubonakale. Into esemqoka - ukuze usinde. Abaningi baye bafa nalo mqondo. amatilosi Russian phezu yempi egijima ithrekhi ephelezelwa ukubuka indawo sokufa yokungcwaba ozakwabo. Ukuhleba abamnyama kusukela izindebe ezishisayo. "Nkulunkulu ukuphumula imiphefumulo yabo Jehova,"

Babhubha namatilosi akhe yonke we yempi "uMbusi u-Alexander III», futhi kamuva "Borodino". Ngokuyisimangaliso waphunyuka itilosi eyodwa kuphela. Umphumela kwaliwa kuzenzakalele. Battle of Tsushima ngo-1905 wenza ukuba sicabange mayelana ayenganqobeki yemikhumbi yaseRussia. Ngakusasa ekuseni, ngemuva kokusinda le torpedo ebusuku ehlasela izinsalela isigaba Russian owayezinikele Japanese engemuva Admiral N. I. Nebogatovym. Kamuva u-Admiral Nikolay Ivanovich Nebogatov wagwetshwa iminyaka eyishumi esejele esahlulelweni Naval iNkantolo Ephakeme Yase-Imperial seNkosi.

Isiphetho kumlawuli

Induna umchithi "Wild Omunye", eyasindisa Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo, waba ngumthetheli besigaba 2nd Nikolay Nikolaevich Kolomiytsev. Isiphetho lo muntu emangalisayo kakhulu. Kuze Russian-Japanese War, wayengumuntu hydrographer ovelele, isihambi, umcwaningi Taimyr, induna ophihliza iqhwa "Ermak". Waba khona uhambo Russian omisiwe Baron Eduard Toll. Ukubuyela iRussia ngemva Tsushima, lapho owayevelele njengenceku omunye izinduna phezulu Navy isiRashiya, NN Kolomiitsev wayala imikhumbi ahlukahlukene. EMpini Yezwe I, waba iphini sezempi yini. Ngo-1918 waboshwa amaBolshevik futhi waboshwa, uPetru noPawulu Fortress. Ngo zincwadi eziningi zeSoviet inkathi Umlandvomphilo of NN Kolomiytseva uphetha ngala mazwi: "Washona ngo Petrograd, mhlawumbe ngo-1918" Ngo-1972, igama lakhe mkhumbi omusha lokuhlola amanzi. Kungekudala kwatholakala ukuthi Nicholas Kolomiitsev ngo-1918 wabalekela Finland. Kamuva lapho ayelwa oLwandle Olumnyama ohlangothini Baron Wrangel. Wabe esethuthela eFrance, futhi wafa e-United States ngaphansi amasondo yeloli lamasosha ekupheleni kuka-1944. Ngakho, umkhumbi "UNikolai Kolomiitsev" nguye kuphela emkhunjini Soviet Navy yaqanjwa Admiral eqembu iWhite Guard futhi Expat.

Imininingwane zomlando

Kusukela uhlu navies wesikhathi imikhumbi emibili umhlanganyeli Battle of Tsushima kwaqhubeka kukhona kwaze kwaba izinsuku zethu. Kuyaziwa le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Aurora" kanye yempi Japanese "Mikasa", Flagship Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. Bronepalubnaya "Aurora" ngesikhathi Tsushima ikhishwe isitha mayelana amagobolondo ayizinkulungwane ezimbili, ukuba yena, hit amabili nanye. I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwadingeka zikhubazeke, amalungu nesithupha neqembu lakhe, kuhlanganise kumlawuli, uCaptain 1st isikhundla E. R. Egorev, babulawa, kwalimala abantu 83 ngaphezulu. Ukungakwazi uye phambili, "Aurora" ne impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "U-Oleg" futhi "Iparele" disarmed e Manila (Philippines). Ngokusho kodokotela abathile lempi, nengxenye Battle of Tsushima, kunikeza ngaphezulu isizathu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Aurora" ukuze abe isikhumbuzo kuka shot abadumile angenalutho Okthoba 1917.

Edolobheni Yokosuka ezindlekweni yempi "Mikasa" njengoba kungena imikhumbi Museum. On ke isikhathi eside kakhulu Tsushima iminyaka engu-babeqhuba imihlangano Veterans, kubahlanganyeli impi Russian-Japanese. I-Japanese ubheke le somlando nge hlonipho okukhulu kakhulu.

Memory of amatilosi ngifile Tsushima

Amayunithi 36 isigaba Russian e Vladivostok weza ezintathu. Yamathenda "Almaz" abachithi "esibi" futhi "nibe ngamaqhawe." Iningi imikhumbi 5000 amatilosi bathole ukuphumula okuphakade ezansi Korea Strait kulezi ziqhingi Tsushima Dazhelet. Amathuna amatilosi Russian owafa yamanxeba akhe ekuthunjweni, namanje alondolozwe ngokucophelela amaJapane e Nagasaki. Ngo-1910, eSt ku ntu mali futhi Abafelokazi ethempelini ezimhlophe uMsindisi ku Waters Yakhiwa, wanikezela ngalabo ababa yizisulu kuleso Tsushima. Ithempeli wema kafushane, kuze 30s maphakathi. Impi Russian-Japanese, Battle of Tsushima - imigomo emibili uyohlala phakade kwimemori phakade abantu Russian.