Amandla kagesi kuleli Semiconductors

Amandla kagesi e Semiconductors - iqondiswa ukunyakaza izimbobo futhi electron, okuyinto bathonywa emkhakheni kagesi.

Ngenxa yalokho zokuhlolwa, ke kwaphawuleka ukuthi kagesi e Semiconductors akuyona ephelezelwa nokudluliswa ndaba - bona azihileli yiziphi izinguquko zamakhemikhali. Ngakho, abathwali, ama-electron angabhekwa e Semiconductors.

Ikhono we impahla ukwakha kuyo i kagesi kungenziwa kunqunywa le conductivity ethize. Ngalokhu inkomba babashayeli hlala isikhundla Lesisemkhatsini phakathi babashayeli kanye insulators. Semiconductors - lawa izinhlobo ezahlukene amaminerali, izinsimbi ezithile, metal sulfides, njll Amandla kagesi e Semiconductors kuphakama kusukela lokuhlushwa electron khulula ezingasetshenziswa ukuhambisa directionally e into. Ukuqhathanisa izinsimbi kanye babashayeli, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona umehluko phakathi kwethonya lokushisa ku conductivity yabo. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ukwehla le conductivity of izinsimbi. Ngo Semiconductors le conduction izinga iyakhula. Uma Semiconductor lokushisa ukwanda, ukunyakaza electron khulula kuyoba abathathela ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa ukwanda isibalo ukushayisana. Nokho, Semiconductors uma ziqhathaniswa izinsimbi, it is kakhulu anda ukubonisa kwabantu electron khulula. Lezi zici kube nomphumela omubi phezu conductivity: ukushayisana ngaphezulu, ezincane conductivity, aba maningi okuhlushwa, ephakeme kangakanani. Ngo izinsimbi, akukho kwencika phakathi lokushisa kanye lokuhlushwa electron mahhala, ukuze ushintsho conductivity ne lokushisa ziyanda kunciphisa kungenzeka ezinyakazayo ngaphambilini of electron mahhala kuphela. Ngokuqondene Semiconductor, isibonisi umphumela okwandisa emakamu ephakeme. Ngakho, kuyanda lokushisa uyakuba mkhulu, aba maningi conductivity.

Kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi ukunyakaza ngaphandle kwenkokhiso zenethiwekhi kanye eside ezifana kagesi e Semiconductors. Ngo Semiconductors, ukushaja abathwali libhekene ukubukeka izinto ezihlukahlukene, phakathi okuyizinto lokushisa esibucayi futhi ukuhlanzeka okubalulekile. Uhlanzekile Semiconductors zihlukaniswe extrinsic futhi siqu.

Kepha umqhubi ayo, umphumela ukungcola ezingeni lokushisa ethile kungase kungabi kubalulekile ngabo. Njengoba igebe iviyo Semiconductors uphansi, i Semiconductor eziwumgogodla, lapho izinga lokushisa ifinyelela zero ngokuphelele, kukhona ukugcwaliswa ephelele electron Valence. Kodwa band conduction nhlobo: akukho conductivity kagesi, nekutsi isebenta njengenhlangano yisivikelo ekahle. Ngezinye okushisa, kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi iyehla iyenyuka ezishisayo we-electron ethize onganqoba bezikhali isithiyo futhi avele band conduction.

Thomson umphumela

Umgomo we thermoelectric Thomson umphumela lapho i kagesi e Semiconductors, okuhamba kuyo kukhona umyela lokushisa kuzo, ngaphandle Joule ukushisa ukukhululwa noma ukumuncwa amanani obengeziwe ukushisa zenzeka kuye isiqondiso lapho wamanje agobhoze.

iyunifomu ezinganele ndlovu Ukushisa, kokuba isakhiwo eyohlobo kuthinta impahla yayo, lapho impahla kuba non-iyunifomu. Ngakho, umphumela Thomson iyisici ethize Peltier. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi ezihlukahlukene ezingewona amakhemikhali ukwakheka isampula, kanye nezinga lokushisa elizosetshenziswa okwakhe lokhu heterogeneity.