Gcoba i-Benzyl Utshwala: Properties, Ukulungiselela, isicelo

alcohols elimnandi - homologues benzene okunye, ku olukhulu lapho athomu ye-hydrogen esikhundleni hydroxy. Njengamanje, umkhakha amakha ngokuvamile kakhulu esetshenziswa Gcoba i-Benzyl utshwala. Ifomula we kwakwakhe emelelwa okuseleyo olukhulu i utshwala benzene (phenyl) - S6N5SN2ON. alcohols elimnandi libhekene isomerism olukhulu ohlangothini uchungechunge nokubekwa iqembu - OH esikuziphathimandla hydrocarbon. Utshwala iningi amacala, unikezwa igama eziwubala.

Gcoba i-Benzyl utshwala: izindlela yokuthola

alcohols elimnandi esimweni khulula zisakazwa nemvelo. Njengomthetho, basuke zitholiwe amafutha abalulekile. Gcoba i-Benzyl utshwala umqondo kusuka halogenated benzene homologues, lapho Halogen itholakala neketanga ohlangothini. Lezi alcohols zehluke phenols kunakho konke ngoba abazange liphinyiselwe izakhiwo ene-asidi. Gcoba i-Benzyl utshwala nakho etholwe ngezinto zemvelo eluhlaza, equkethe esters. Ngemva kwalokho, ngaleyo ndlela etholwe likhishwe nge alcohols elimnandi. alcohols elimnandi basondelene kakhulu alcohols aliphatic: ngenxa yesenzo alikhali metal alkoxides ukwakha; ngu namachibi, kuye isakhiwo, it is baguqukela aldehydes esihambisanayo noma ketones; Kulula ifomu ethers futhi esters.

Izakhiwo zanoma alcohols

Laba bameleli be-lokuqala uchungechunge homologous ka alcohols acyclic - woketshezi, alcohols ephakeme - ukudla okuqinile. homologs Okokuqala (methanol, ethanol, propanol) abe nephunga utshwala, aphakathi (isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, hexanol) - fusel amafutha, ephakeme - akukho iphunga. Alcohols abe okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuvala abacaphuni, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa inhlangano yezinhlayiya esebenzisa i-hydrogen izibopho. Eziningi zalezi kanye nezinye izakhiwo physico-amakhemikhali alcohols siyahlukahluka okwandisa isisindo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.

Kufanele ikhumbule iqiniso lokuthi utshwala ushintsho izinto eziwuketshezi esimweni gaseous (at abilayo) ephula isibopho hydrogen. I ultraviolet ukumuncwa spectrum kukhona band esifundeni 150-200 NM. -X-ray kanye electron umumo womsebenzi Singakwazi yini ukuthola engela elihlangana nonlinear C-C-N-110 ° 25 '. Ngokuqondene alcohols elimnandi ke basuke libhekene izakhiwo esifana alcohols acyclic. Lezi zinto zehlela abakalungiselelwa noma cha oncibilikayo emanzini, ezinhle - e ezihogelwayo. I abilayo siphezulu kunamanye arene okuhambisanayo. Ibhande ukumuncwa ku spectra ultraviolet infrared efana alcohols aliphatic.

izakhiwo Chemical ka alcohols elimnandi

Lezi zinto zehlela unezimiso nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali njengoba alcohols aliphatic. Bakha alkoxides, ethers futhi esters, halogenated ohlangothini chain, futhi lapho namachibi - ketones, aldehydes, futhi acid elimnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi alcohols angase abonise izakhiwo lamaNazaretha. Ngokwesibonelo, bangase nucleus benzenovogo - halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, futhi hydrogenation, njll

Gcoba i-Benzyl utshwala - okuqinile, oncibilikayo Ethanol kakhulu, kahle - emanzini, liyancibilika at 15,3 ° C, amathumba at 205,8 ° C. Njengoba yenziwe hydrolysis yayo ane-alikhali ka Gcoba i-Benzyl chloride by ukusabela benzaldehyde ne-formaldehyde ebukhoneni sodium hydroxide, amanye amafutha abalulekile kanye balms zemvelo. Isetshenziswa njengesici amakha iphunga yokuvala, uketshezi kule mboni amakha.

Beta-phenylethyl utshwala - Udambisa okuqinile at 27 ° C namathumba at 222 ° C, oncibilikayo ethanol. Afakwe pink, clove amafutha abalulekile. Kwakuvamise njengoba izidakamizwa elimnandi, okuyinto has iphunga roses. Futhi, into ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha ukudla izimboni.

Cinnamic utshwala - Udambisa okuqinile at 33 ° C, kalula encibilikayo ethanol. Yayiqukethe ikakhulukazi ngesimo ethers e amafutha abalulekile, inhlaka elimnandi, balsams. izidakamizwa elimnandi nge eseshumi iphunga isetshenziswa embonini amakha, futhi njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa for synthesis iningi izinto odorous.