Ungqimba zokuzivikela for ukuvikela ukuqinisa ukhonkolo kusukela imvelo

ungqimba Avikelayo ngokhonkolo futhi Uhlonze lwalo iyathakazelisa abantu abaningi abenza ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo nakakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo kuba enamathela, kusukela e-surface efika izingxenye abalwazi kahle ulimi.

Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela imisipha kusuka izinguquko ukugqwala, ekushiseni okweqile, umswakama high, nomthelela ongemuhle kwemvelo. umsebenzi wayo ukuba adhesion esiphelele isixazululo ukhonkolo kanye nokufakwa kwayo.

design

Ngo izakhiwo eziphakeme zikakhonkolo kwakheka ungqimba zokuzivikela is by izakhi yokugcizelela indawo kude indiza ezivamile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-ungqimba lokuvikela ukuqinisa ngokhonkolo has a ukushuba obekwe kuncike izakhi, ubungako bawo futhi hlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela Inkomba, nezinye izinto ezifana uhlobo ukhonkolo, izilinganiso izigaba esiphambanweni.

Ukuvimbela kuwa yokuntwela steel ukuqinisa sibekwa ingxenye welulela isakhiwo. Ukhonkolo osemanzi lapho uphawu ngokucophelela nalo futhi liqukethe kakhulu zamabutho eqine.

ingcindezi

Ukuhambisana ngokufanele ukujiya efanelekayo yisimo ebalulekile emsebenzini. Uma kwenzeka i-ungqimba kuyoba mncane ukuqala ukubhujiswa okusheshayo izakhi metallic engaholela izinguquko ezalandela e lonke isakhiwo.

Kulokhu ukujiya inkulu kakhulu ungqimba zokuzivikela ngokhonkolo iba ukhetho best, kusukela lokhu kuthuthukisa ukwanda ekukhetfweni isakhiwo izindleko. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe sikwazi kahle abala edingekayo. Phakathi kwezici ezinomthelela kuyafaneleka okulandelayo:

• Umthwalo phezu imisipha. Kukhona izinketho ezimbili okuvela lesi sibalo ukuphi. It Uwaphatha uhlobo abayekethisayo futhi ukhandlekile ukuqinisa.
• zinhlobo ephambili. Ukusebenzisa kokubili transverse kanye umbono longitudinal. It kuyahlukahluka njengendlela zokusebenza nokuqiniswa ezakhayo.

umthelela Big, ngaphezu okungenhla, babe izimo yokusebenza olulindelekile. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa kwendlu noma ngaphandle, ngendlela okusezingeni eliphezulu nomswakama ezingeni noma nabo emhlabathini. Iphinde kudinga ukubhaliswa saziso.

Ukukhetha

Ukuze ukukhethwa ukushuba inqubo lula kufanele sinake nemigomo lemisiwe ledzingeka elicacisiwe SNIP. Mahhala ukungezwani ukuqinisa ingxenye longitudinal kufanele abe ungqimba zokuzivikela ngokhonkolo mkhulu noma ilingane ubukhulu diametral we induku. Uma izindonga amapuleti babe indices esingaphansi 100 mm, luthi alufane kufanele kuqale ngo-10 mm. Uma kwenzeka yokudlula ezingeni kunikezwa ukuphakama imishayo enikeziwe ukuze 250mm Inkomba elilingana 15 mm.

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa uhlobo nge longitudinal prestressing ukuqinisa lezo zindawo lapho umthwalo idluliswe ungene ukhonkolo ingxenye, ungqimba kufanele abe ukushuba cishe kabili ubukhulu. Lokhu kusebenza kokubili nemigoqo yokugcizelela futhi intambo ucingo.

Izinkomba kanye namazinga ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini adinga indinganiso izimo zezulu. Atholakala ukuze ahlolwe ukujiya nesilinganiso athuthukile amadivayisi ezikhethekile, okuncike isimiso kazibuthe.

nenkanuko edlulele

Okubaluleke kakhulu yiyona Ilokhi ye Guardian ungqimba, ukuvumela ukudala izilinganiso zobukhulu ngqo isakhiwo ngesikhathi ukuqinisa yayo. Amadivayisi anjalo zifakwa yokugcizelela inethiwekhi eziyimbangela, ngenkathi kwakhiwa isisekelo is. Avikelayo ukhonkolo ungqimba nge ukushuba cm 60 kulokhu ukuhlela lula kakhulu.

I kabanzi kunazo namuhla wathola idivayisi ukukhiya plastic, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi hhayi ngakho kudala yasetshenziswa esikhundleni isimbembembe workpiece. Ayebonile ngaphambili ekhiqizwa ngaphambi kokuqala laying. ongakhetha yanamuhla akubizi futhi kulula ukufaka. Ziklanyelwe for esiphezulu lula ukuqinisa imisebenzi kanye concreting alandelayo ezakhiwe Monolithic.

Izinzuzo usebenzisa

Ngenxa ayephelezelwa nethuba qualitative kokungathembeki imisipha ngesimo esidingekayo. Ngakho kwaba khona ezenzakalelayo ukuthelwa isixazululo ukhonkolo. Kulokhu, akudingeki sikhathazeke ngokuthi displacement we armature, njengoba njalo ungqimba ngendlela efanayo ngokhonkolo kuqinisekisiwe. SNIP 2.01.02-85 izidingo eziyisisekelo indalo yayo. Le divayisi ziwusizo kakhulu wokwehla enamathela.

Ukusebenzisa Ukugunda kuvula amathuba ezilandelayo:

• ukunciphisa izindleko kwakhiwa isakhiwo;
• isikhathi esincane iyadingeka ukuze imisebenzi ezihambelana kuya concreting nokuqiniswa;
• amashidi kwesisekelo ihlala ingaphansi kolawulo;
• Izinga eliphakeme lomsebenzi lingaphezulu.

Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi nokwethenjelwa izinga lokugcina isakhiwo ukhonkolo kunomphumela okwanele ezingeni umfaniswano Guardian enamathela.

Kuphethe imisebenzi

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho ungqimba esiphezulu zokuzivikela ngokhonkolo kudinga ukulungiswa umsebenzi ngenxa ukufika ku isesimeni esingalungile. Ukubuyisela ukuze kwesigubhu esebenzisa izindlela ezimbili:

• esikhundleni ephelele engxenyeni engenhla;
• ngokwengxenye ngomsebenzi wokwakha, okuyinto sihlanganisa ngokuchibiyela imifantu futhi igawula.

Ngo samuntu yesibili ayidingi isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla, kubalulekile ukuba aphathe kule ndawo ezilimele, zihlanzwe kanye fluff primer. Ngokuchibiyela usungaqala kuphela emva kokuphothulwa wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela.

Ukubulawa esikhundleni ephelele engxenyeni engenhla ungqimba zokuzivikela kumele ibe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kanye nemithetho. Isidingo yokuvuselela ephelele livela ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• ngokuhlukana isithiyo ungqimba;
• ushintsho izici impahla;
• izinsimbi waqala behluleka ngenxa ekusebenzisaneni ikhemikhali ezungezile kubo.

esikhundleni kwesigubhu

Umsebenzi iqala imitha ukuhlonza ukujiya isetshenziselwa lesi sendlalelo zokuzivikela ngokhonkolo. Lokhu kusinikeza ithuba ukukala ungqimba usimende zokuphepha, futhi izingxenye zazo azizifanelekeli kamuva isuswe ngokukhulu ukucophelela endaweni ka obandayo Uhlaka kwensimbi.

Lapho kuphakama isidingo ngokusebenzisa wokuhlanza metal evele kule kwagcizelela isakhiwo ukhonkolo kusukela ukugqwala izingqimba kanye uthuli ekhona nokungcola.

Isicelo solution ukhonkolo iqala emva kokuphothulwa izenzo wokulungiselela. Isetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa ingxube mechanical, okuyinto ukusatshalaliswa impahla ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngesimo emoyeni onomfutho. Ngokusebenzisa inqubo enjalo inikeza ikhambi luthe ukuqina ukusabela endizeni kwezakhiwo abutment futhi izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo. Isixazululo kufanele abe ukushuba okungenani 3 cm.

Uma ebusweni ukwakhiwa kukhona umonakalo ebalulekile, okungakwazi ukuthi abaleke lalisalungiswa ngokwengxenye ungafaka isicelo ungqimba olusha zokuzivikela ngokhonkolo ku yangaphambili. Amadivayisi ngamathiphu idayimane asetshenziswa uma machining kunesidingo.

Anchorage

obaluleke ngokukhethekile yilona okubambelela izici ukuqinisa, esinikela ezilinganiselwa yokudlulisa amandla esigabeni esiqintelweko ngoba izakhiwo ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu. ubude bayo itholwa ngokuvumelana yokuthi wamanje emandleni armature kumelwe zamukele adhesion yayo kwamanzi ukhonkolo esemgwaqweni lonke obuphelele okubambelela. Futhi ukuzikhandla yokumelana ukulungisa amadivayisi, kuncike ukhonkolo eqine umthamo, amaphrofayli kanye nokufakwa usayizi, isimo ukucindezeleka materials.

Ikhishwa okubambelela transverse uhlobo valve esebenzisa eguqa yayo futhi Welding ukuze samuntu noma ukufinyelela yayo longitudinal. Ukuqinisa longitudinal kufanele abe ubukhulu hhayi ibe ngaphansana kwesigamu sezwe ubukhulu transverse.

Ubuhlobo obuseduze kufanele baprofetha buqamama, ezizohlinzeka ezilinganiselwa yokudlulisa amandla komunye we exhunyiwe ingxenye. Ubude Ukweqa kusethwa okubambelela main, ngenkathi kucatshangelwa isikhala phakathi emalungeni izinduku, ungqimba zokuzivikela ngokhonkolo, inani cross-uhlobo nokufakwa emalungeni phakathi izinduku kanye, wajoyina ngesinye isikhathi.