Evfrosiniya Polotskaya: ukuphila, imisebenzi zemfundo

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya - iyona Belarusian lokuqala, futhi ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, umlando, futhi Eastern uthisha Slavic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siyazi ukuthi njengoba owesifazane wokuqala e-Russia, wabayishumi abangcwele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuphila Euphrosyne yawela phezu inkathi lapho ubuKristu base bamukelwe kakade uhlukanise, kuba honours ngokulinganayo siphakame njengezindawo ezingenhla Orthodox futhi iSonto LamaKatolika.

I kokufaneleka main zabangcwele babhekwa ekuhumusheni ukuguqulela izincwadi, kanye nokwakha ezigodlweni zabo siqu futhi amasonto, okuyinto izikhungo yangempela wokufundisa ubukhulu of Polotsk.

Adume Princess

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya ... Igama abhalwe ngamagama egolide emakhasini nokuphila okungokomoya hhayi kuphela ezazikhona emazweni East Slavic, kodwa futhi wonke umlando nesiko Belarus.

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya - inkosazana futhi indelakazi. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuba uthisha owaziwa, owahamba imemori lesingeke izinhliziyo zabantu. Phakathi nesikhathi samanje futhi isikhathi lapho eneminyaka engu-okweqanda abadumile, kuba iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu asibhozo. Futhi ngakho akukho isimanga yokuthi ulwazi hhayi lukhulu Lahlala emlandweni eMpumalanga Slavic abantu. Nokho, ayakwazi ukuhlola indlela enkulu polochanke abanamakhono wesifazane-enlightener, ekhomba ukubaluleka zaseYurophu. Yonke imisebenzi Euphrosyne, efana Bakwethu zakhe ezidumile Smolyatich K. futhi K. Turowski, ngaphandle kokungabaza, uthe okusezingeni eliphezulu sokuthuthukisa amasiko, okuyinto kwaphawuleka kuleyo minyaka phezu kwezwe Belarusian.

The Life of Saint Princess

Ikusasa St Euphrosyne ka Polotsk wazalwa ngo 1110. Ekuqaleni, yena wethiwa ngokuthi Predslava. Yayiyindodakazi ka Polotsk isikhulu Svyatoslav (indodana Vseslav Mthakathi), futhi zaba a umzukulu Princess Rogneda futhi Prince uVladimir. Ubaba Predslava hhayi wathola ifa kubazali babo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kanye nomkhaya wakhe babehlala khona esigodlweni umfowabo omdala - Boris Vseslavich.

Incwadi ethi "Life of Euphrosyne" kwalotshwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-12. Umbhali wayo alwaziwa. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwaba wesigodlo noma indela eziphilayo emzini wezindela, eyasungulwa Princess. Kukhona awokuthi, nokuthi umbhali wencwadi ethi - Umfundi uqobo Euphrosyne. Kodwa noma ngabe kunjalo, lesi sici lelandzisako litshela abafundi ngokuphila kowesifazane ongcwele.

Ngeshwa, engazange yenzeke "The Life of ..." edition walo wokuqala kuze kube yilolu suku. Isizathu salokho - empini futhi imililo. Nokho, asikwazi ukufunda incwadi izinhlelo eziyisithupha futhi cishe 150 uhlu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthandwa okukhulu komkhiqizo. Omunye uhlu kunazo oluphelele kuyinto Pogodinskaya. Le nkinga yaqala ngekhulu le-16.

"The Life of St Euphrosyne ka Polotsk" kuyinto lesikhumbuzo wangempela East Slavic izincwadi hagiographic ka ngekhulu le-12. Umbhalo yencwadi eyakhelwe canons ukuthi ukuhlukanisa hagiography. Kukholakala ukuthi lo msebenzi has a pervoobrazets. Babekwazi kahle kube umkhiqizo "The Life of Euphrosyne wase-Aleksandriya." Nokho, umlobi we lesikhumbuzo BaseMpumalanga Slavic izincwadi eliwenzile umsebenzi ngabanye bakhe izici. Ngakho, abacwaningi baphawula ukukhanya inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye monologues Euphrosyne kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi athathwa izincwadi ezibhalwe inkosazana ongcwele.

Isakhiwo "Life of Euphrosyne"

umsebenzi Famous zandulelwa isingeniso mphendvulo, hagiography bendabuko. Lokhu kulandelwa i-main ingxenye. Likhuluma ngamaphathi empilweni polochanki saint eqinisekisa ukunyukela kuwo ezingokomoya. Yokugcina yomsebenzi - udumo. Lapha, naphezu isiko hagiographic, azikho izindaba zezimangaliso ziye zenzeka postmortem. Kulabo abaye ukufunda "The Life of Euphrosyne," ukubekwa ngamafuphi kwesibopho incwadi uzonikezwa ngezansi.

Isifiso sokuthola ulwazi

Sebenza "The Life of Euphrosyne" lisitshela ukuthi kusukela ebuntwaneni watshengisa uthando olukhulu umkhuleko inhliziyo futhi izincwadi. Predslava imfundo yabo, ngokwezindlu omunye umthombo, uye wathola eSt UZandile Cathedral futhi ngakolunye - endlini, ngokuqondile ku- enkantolo kwesikhulu (le nguqulo kubhekwa maningi amathuba).

Othisha mantombazane umuntu ongokomoya kuphela. Banika imfundo yakhe, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izincwadi izincwadi hagiographic nemiBhalo. Kusukela amazwi othisha we Umlandvomphilo yabangcwele amantombazane uyowuthola umqondo wokuthi izimiso namasiko ezazikhona sezindela. Isayensi wanikwa wakhe kalula. Ngezindlela eziningi kwaba kontanga yayo. Ngo 'Ukuphila ... "kusho uthando wakhe ongavamile yokufunda, ikhono elikhulu nokukhuthala. Ngo Predslava ke kwadingeka ukufinyelela izincwadi. Endlini yakhe kwaba umtapo enkulu, lapho ngaphezu zenkolo izincwadi intombazane kokufunda inoveli mayelana nezigigaba zika-Alexander Omkhulu, kusukela amaqoqo aphorisms futhi amazwi, nokunye. D. ngandlela-thile kamuva ke waba nesithakazelo imisebenzi ezichaza incazelo zenkolo okushiwo imvelo, kanye nezincwadi zomlando wasendulo .

Ngo "The Life of ..." washo ukuthi intombazane kusukela eminyakeni bokuqala uthando kuhlanganiswe lemfundo nomthandazo lokugcilwe kuto ngco. nokuhlakanipha kwakhe "chudilis" hhayi kuphela abazali. Udumo Predslava kudayiselwa emadolobheni amaningi.

Ukukhethwa ukuphila

Princess of Polotsk wayengeyena nje ngokuhlakanipha kwakhe, kodwa futhi ubuhle. Nokho, kwakukhona iziphakamiso eziningi emshadweni wakhe, yena sinqatshiwe ngaphandle kokungabaza. Predslava uyaqaphela anquma ukuba sisuke kuleli worldly pilo eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala. Lena kwakuyinkathi lapho abazali wokuqala waqala ukucabanga ngomshado indodakazi. Girl wahola umqondo service ongenabugovu ukuze benemibono engcono zokuziphatha futhi ukubaluleka okuthuthuka ngokomoya. Princess wanquma ukuya for the "uMkhwenyana wakhe" - Kristu.

Predslava wasondela wahlala Polotsk umzala, umfelokazi umalume walo Roman Vseslavich. Wayengumngane abbess, futhi kungasiza wakhe ukuze abe isikhonzi indelakazi. Nokho Predslava ubuhle ongavamile kanye nobudala bakhe abasha kwakubonakala Princess ubudala kungavumelani izifungo. Ukukholisa inkosazana ubudala eyasiza ukuqonda okujulile futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu izinkolelo zenkolo amantombazane. Abbess wasebiza umbingeleli abangabaLevi, tonsured, enika Predslava igama Euphrosyne.

iminyaka Izigodlo

Esikhathini esithile Evfrosiniya Polotskaya wathatha ukulalela SeNkosi esikoleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayehlala phezu sezindela efanayo, lapho wathatha kwesihenqo. Nokho, kamuva wathola isibusiso uMbhishobhi Polotskogo Ilii wayohlala e-St Sophia Cathedral. ekamelweni lakhe kwaba iseli - ". itshe golbets" Kulesi lombhishobhi Euphrosyne ikakhulukazi bakhangwa umtapo. Phakathi izincwadi ababekuwo, indela "elicwile ukuhlakanipha" nelithi siziqonde ngokujulile yayisiza ukugxila inkosazana emangalisayo.

Yonke leminyaka, monk akazange ushiye uthando yokufunda. Futhi ngenkathi kunenkolelo semfundo engokomoya iyingxenye sa nothando ngabantu. Euphrosinia waqala kabusha incwadi wavula zonke ukuhlakanipha kokusebenzisa ngomsebenzi wabo onzima. Ngaleyo minyaka, kuba amadoda kuphela babehilelekile umsebenzi onzima. Futhi lona kanye iqiniso lokuthi lo msebenzi wathatha uyintombi, kwaba feat.

Ezinye izincwadi, yakopishwa Euphrosyne, waqhubeka ukudayiswa. Imali le mali ngesicelo izindela wakhipha abampofu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo iPrincess odumile aqala ukubhala izincwadi zabo. Kuzo, yena sihleli izimfundiso nemithandazo, kanye ukwenza izinguqulo ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin ngesiGreki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Euphrosyne wayekhuluma nabazalwane ngomoya nge Bakwethu zabo. Omunye wabo kwakungu-Kirill Turovsky. Kulokhu, lo uMfundisi awuhambanga ukulwa emasikweni ubudala ekhona. Wacela "ukukhanya ukukhanya", lokho kwaboniswa futhi ophakeme kunabo ukuhlakanipha abesifazane.

Ukuvula abode siqu

Ngokwe- "Life of ...", u-Eliya - Bishop of Polotsk - etholakele ingelosi isiqinisekiso sikaNkulunkulu eziphakemeyo ukuzila futhi inkonzo Euphrosyne. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emandleni aphakeme waveza kuye ukuthi kufanele abeke indelakazi ekuqaleni kwazo yesigodlo. Kathathu nge umbiko we yingelosi futhi St Euphrosyne, ngubani ngenjabulo kukhethwa Kristu. Ukuze indawo yezindela liye lachazwa ngaphakathi ukuhamba ibanga kusuka Polotsk Selco. Kukhona umfundisi weSonto uMsindisi futhi wawusegunjini endaweni lokungcwatshwa sababhishobhi.

Ukudlulisa emisiwe Hamlet St. Euphrosyne owaqhutshelwa e St Sophia Cathedral. Umbhishobhi wabusisa uMfundisi Eliya ukwakha kule ndawo ngaya ekhaya lezindela.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Isigodlo

Euphrosyne ka Polotsk waba umsunguli we oNgcwele isimo nunnery. Lokhu sezindela baziwa kakhulu kulo lonke izwe lakwa Polotsk. Iphinde baba indelakazi nodade Euphrosyne.

esikoleni samantombazane lamiswa yesigodlo. It kwenziwa imisebenzi zemfundo Euphrosyne. Princess, ubuhanjelwe emantombazaneni asemancane, nibafundise ukucula nokubhala izincwadi, yezandla kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi eminingi ewusizo. Wamnakekela indela nokuthi intombazane wayewazi umthetho kaNkulunkulu, futhi babengabantu abasebenza kanzima. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yesikole isekelwe ngesikhathi oNgcwele isimo Monastery, uye waba negalelo kakhulu ukuba nokuqhakaza okusheshayo yesigodlo.

ukwakhiwa kwethempeli

Phakathi nekhulu le-12 esakhiweni yesonto lokhuni Evfrosiniya Polotskaya wakhulelwa sokuzakhela itshe. Ukuze ukugcwaliseka iphupho wayeye iseluleko uJohane. Lokhu indela kakade ibonile ekwakhiweni amathempeli. Ngokusho "Ukuphila ..." wonke umsebenzi wahamba kunalokho ngokushesha. Kakade emva ethempelini amasonto 30 Euphrosyne lamiswao. It lavulwa ngo 1161. "Impilo ..." usitshela Divas elafika ekupheleni ukwakhiwa. Wawunamabhodi eqinisweni lokuthi enqubeni yokwakha iphelile, nabakhi izitini, itshe wayengazi ukuthi ukuqedela umsebenzi wabo. Kodwa ngosuku olulandelayo, okwakuthi ngemva komthandazo we saint, wizadi bathole impahla kwesokudla esithandweni.

Ithempeli Euphrosyne ayilokothi iyeke mangaza abacwaningi. It ihlukile izindawo eziningi ngesikhathi enkulu yayo, uphahla gable, kanye nokunwebeka elingavamile sigubhu. isivakashi Engaqondakali livela, futhi ngokwami ingaphakathi yesonto ngaphakathi spite of Izindonga ezinkulu, it is lithwele izinsika obukhulu.

Isisetshenziswa ethempelini

Ngemva ukwakhiwa ibandla elisha Euphrosyne esichithwa isebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indlu kaNkulunkulu, kwakukhona konkhe lokudzingekile ngenjongo yokukhulekela. Le ndela ukumemele abaculi ngubani ngesineke izindonga izigcawu zeBhayibheli, lapho nezithombe zosanta bachazwa. Amazing ngenxa yobuhle balo izithombe ziye ekwayeni, kanye kuseli eyenzelwe uMfundisi.

Ukuze usendaweni yakho siqu esontweni atholwe Euphrosinia isithonjana Virgin (eyisimangaliso Hodegetria Efesu). Ngokokulandisa, ke kwalotshwa uLuka the Evangelist yena.

altare engu-

Indawo ekhethekile ebandleni elisha wanikwa izinto owenza ngamagugu engcono Kievan Rus Lazar Bogsha. Lokhu engu- Euphrosyne. Wayala indela bakhe ngokukhethekile eyakhelwe esontweni lakhe. Esiphambanweni, wabheka ngokusebenzisa usuku oluqondile womshini (1161) kanye negama master.

Isiphambano Saint Euphrosyne kuyinto ukuma enamaphoyinti ayisithupha. Ngokusho kwezazi, lesi sinqumo iwuphawu ukukhanya sasendulo. Eziyisithupha semikhawulweni engu- kusho lezo zinsuku eziyisithupha, ngesikhathi lapho uNkulunkulu wadala umhlaba. wobuciko ehlotshisiwe ubucwebe lasendulo art umfanekiso kuso sonke umlando ngokuthi iTestamente Elisha kanye eBandleni lokuqala. Cross (bheka isithombe) Euphrosyne benezithombe kaKristu kanye Virgin, Arhangela Gavriila noMikayeli, nabaPhostoli uPawulu noPetru, le Euphrosyne engcwele kunazo zonke, futhi Ioanna Predtechi. Adorn le nto ngokomlando abalulekile amatshe ayigugu kanye amatshe.

Kodwa izinsalela yinzuzo enamathiselwe zesandulela izinsalela ongcwele. Ngakho, ku crosshairs engenhla ohlangothini front isiphambano yafakwa igazi likaKristu. Kancane ngezansi - the "Umuthi Wokuphila-Ukunikela." Ngo crosshairs engenhla ohlangothini reverse waba itshe othathwe Holly Virgin, futhi yamiswa ngezansi kuyizinhlayiyana ETHUNENI.

Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi impi nge eJalimane lobuNazi, kwakhiwa indlu enkulu yesonto seliphelile. Lokhu Cross, kanye notorious Amber Room, kubhekwa omunye imisebenzi ebaluleke kunayo ubuciko, usesho usaqhubeka. Namuhla e-St Euphrosyne ka Polotsk sezindela ikhophi esiqondile we esifuze, okuyinto wawenziwa ngo-1997, Brest ngamagugu-enameller N. P. Kuzmichem.

friary

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya kubhekwa umsunguli sezindela hhayi kuphela abesifazane. Church of St - sezindela futhi uma lakhiwa ngomyalo wakhe. Virgin.

Ngenxa yalokho, lo amabili aye aba abode ubukhulu of Polotsk lezi zikhungo zemfundo. Ngo evulekile ezikoleni zabo, intsha wafunda ukubhala nokufunda. Lapha, umtapo wezincwadi kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa ekubhaleni izincwadi, kanye enze uphawu-umdwebo bese imigexo umsebenzi. St Evfrosiniya Polotskaya uqobo wadala bese imithandazo nezintshumayelo eqoshiwe. Kodwa ngaphezu imisebenzi zemfundo yayo indela wayaziwa wanika abantu besikhathi sakhe njengoba sovetchitsa, wokuthula futhi umahluleli onomqondo.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ukuba ukuguga Euphrosyne sesinquma ukuhamba waya ongcwele waseJerusalema. Lapho, yena, yokukhathala ngemva kohambo olude, ukugula futhi washona ngokushesha ngemva. Polotsk inkosazana wangcwatshwa eduze kwaseJerusalema, e lezindela eSt UTheodosius. Ngo 1187 ke ebanjwa bazingcwabe kabusha kwe-saint. zesidumbu sakhe ziphuthunyiswe emhumeni Feodos'ev Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Kuphela ngo-1910, izinsalela ongcwele baphuthunyiswe Polotsk.