Yini amasu isetshenziswa Münsterberg? Münsterberg amasu: imfundo

Noma ubani uyazi ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ngesikhathi ukusebenza ukugcina lokuhlushwa esiphezulu ukunakwa ngale ndaba akhethiwe. labo kuphela impumelelo lokuzuziwe ngezemfundo namathuba emikhakha yemfundo, abangakwazi ugxile entweni eyodwa futhi ngeke wazuza imicabango ezingadingekile nezingahlobene nendaba nezenzo. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo wafunda umbuzo mayelana emakamu yomuntu. Ngakho indlela ukunakwa abakhethayo Münsterberg, esiza umuntu ukuqeqesha unake esikhathini esizayo ukuze afeze ubekwe emisebenzini yabo futhi izifundo.

Hugo Münsterberg

Hugo Münsterberg - wezengqondo isiJalimane, owaphila ngasekupheleni 19 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. yayinesithakazelo imithi futhi ngafuna ukuba udokotela nge iminyaka yokweva eshumini nambili. Kodwa uma uzwa inkulumo-German sokusebenza kwengqondo Wundt kwashintsha ukuphila kwakhe, futhi waba nesithakazelo Psychology, futhi ngisho 1885 wavikela mqondo yakhe futhi wathola iziqu zakhe zobudokotela kule okukhethekile.

Ngeshwa, ngaleyo minyaka, Psychology isayensi theory kakhulu futhi umkhuba babenobuhlobo lelikhashane kakhulu. Hugo Münsterberg wayengomunye walaba zokusebenza kwengqondo lokuqala owahlela zokuhlola laboratory ezingokwengqondo abezama isayensi i nature isicelo.

amandla professional Young ayikwazanga eziheha abantu lokuqala eliselisha isayensi American. Münsterberg kwakwenziwa sipho esihle kakhulu, wathuthela e-US, ukuthola isikhundla e-Harvard nokuthatha ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sakhe laboratory entsha ngokwengqondo. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokushicilelwa yaqala ukubonakala umsebenzi wokuqala yesayensi Münsterberg.

Le nqubo ivumela yokuthuthukisa lokuhlushwa sekhono womuntu, kwatholakala ososayensi ngo-1915 Kule minyaka engu-wayethethelela sina wahlanganyela Psychology ezimbonini.

Münsterberg amasu: umnyombo futhi SIZUZISA

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, Münsterberg wasebenza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umkhiqizo yomuntu.

Usosayensi wayephakathi kwabokuqala ukubona okuqondile phakathi ekutheni kungakanani umuntu uyakwazi ukuba ugxile yayo nempumelelo yayo professional ensimini. Ukuze uthole indlela ephumelelayo ukwandisa ikhono lokuhlushwa umuntu - ukuthi kwaba inhloso Münsterberg.

Le nqubo, lapho aveza khona, kunjalo elula ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngisho maqondana nezingane kusukela zisencane ngekutfutfukisa likhono kwabo ukugcina konke ukunaka into eyodwa. Futhi akusiyo kuphela lokuhlushwa kwezimo ezifanele, lapho lutho kuvimbela umuntu ukuba acabange ukuthi umsebenzi owenziwayo, futhi ikhono ugcine amehlo entweni eyodwa ezimweni lapho kukhona eziningi ukuthi umsindo.

ukuhlolwa Münsterberg

Omunye ukuhlolwa Münsterberg iqondiswa hhayi kuphela ekuthuthukiseni ukunakwa, kodwa uphethwe wakhe ngesikhathi esifanayo.

isiqeshana Wiz lephepha lapho libhalwe isigaba esikhulu kusukela iqoqo izincwadi. Izinhlamvu, Uma unganakile, ngalutho nomunye. Umugqa ngamunye libukeka kanje: "upoldtdozhdmioaidaylzhmaldm". Kodwa lokhu iqoqo izincwadi amazwi indoda kumelwe uthole ngesikhathi esibekiwe kuyo kufihlwe. Njengomthetho, umsebenzi kunikezwa imizuzu 2-3.

Khona-ke ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda imiphumela yokuhlola Münsterberg. Indlela ukucutshungulwa Imiphumela ibukeka cishe kanje.

1. Kubalwa isilinganiso amazwi ngekhodi futhi labo bantu aphuthelwe.
2. Uma inani lamagama atholakala ngezansi yi Ngokwesilinganiso, isihloko kuyinto izincomo, owawuthi idinga ukwenza umsebenzi ngaphezulu ukuqeqesha ukunakwa kwakho futhi lokhu impahla psyche yakhe.
3. Uma inani lamagama atholakala kuwumphumela Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu unikezwa isincomo, owawuthi ngezikhathi ngesimo imidlalo kufanele ukuphinda nalaba umzimba.
4. Uma inani lamagama belingana inani ebethelwe, kubahlanganyeli ukuhlolwa kungenziwa kuphela ukuhalalisela, wazifunga yena, lokhu emangalisayo ucije amakhono ukunakwa.

Yeka indlela okuphuthuma inkinga emakamu?

Münsterberg nqubo eyayisetshenziselwa ukufunda zamakhono lochwepheshe womuntu ezindaweni eziningi. Nokho, isetshenziswa okuhlukile.

1. I osomkhathi ngaphambi indiza emkhathini kukhona ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, okubandakanya umzimba for okuhlushwa. Ngokwesibonelo, uphiwa ukubukela isandla yesibili imizuzu emihlanu. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi kulula ukwenza, kodwa abaningi siphumelele lapho sihlolwa uMhloli futhi kufanele ukuphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe.
2. Abashayeli ngokuvamile bangene izingozi ngenxa yalokho, abanayo namandla ephezulu okuhlushwa awunaso isikhathi okufanele sisabele ngayo lapho izithiyo. Elikhulu futhi ezimibalabala izimpawu komgwaqo esungulwe ukuze zidonse ukunaka kwanoma abashayeli futhi umkhumbuze umthwalo ezimpilweni zabo kanye nezimpilo zabanye.
3. Umlingisi eyakhelwe ngokuphelele ikhono ukugxilisa ingqondo. esiningi umbhalo, izimo unikezwa, emibonweni Umdwebo - konke lokhu umlingisi kumelwe akhumbule ngesikhathi ukusebenza ucabange nje ngakho.

Yiziphi abantu bayakwazi ukuba ugxile emigomweni

Abantu abanale lokuhlushwa ikhono eliphezulu, ngokushesha zile. Ziyakwazi ezinhle ngesikhathi zenza umsebenzi wazo phansi nemininingwane emincane, ukuze bakwazi ukulahla zonke ngaphandle okungadingekile ukuba uyinake futhi isikhathi esithile ukuba babanikele kuphela icala, okwakuhilela.

Kwezamabhizinisi, ikhono ukugxilisa ingqondo umuntu ncamashí ngamakhasimende, kanye nekhono ukwehlukanisa kwamakhamera ocingo yesibili. Izinga ukuqeqeshwa emakamu inquma ngokuphelele inani Imininingwane ukuthi ukubamba abantu. Ngo ukuxhumana, sizongena ngokuphelele lokuhlushwa inquma ikhono lomuntu hhayi kuphela baveze abakucabangayo, kodwa futhi ukuze abone emaphuzwini interlocutor yakhe. Ukuba nobuhlobo obuhle kakhulu elikhona phakathi Ubumnene yomuntu nekhono lakhe ukugxilisa ingqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngabona ukuthi choleric (esenziwa Ubumnene yayo ugingqe) bayakwazi ukugxila abanye isikhathi esifushane ngempela. Avame gxuma komunye isihloko ingxoxo komunye, komunye umsebenzi kwesinye.

Eqinisweni, lezi zinkinga besishumayela cwaningo Münsterberg. Indlela Yokwenza sokuthuthukiswa ukunakwa iyakhona, ngisho nangomqondo ukuvula indoda of genius.

Focus futhi ungungqondongqondo

Siyazi ukuthi wonke amadoda genius kuhluke ikhono anobuthi kulesi ngezinga eliphezulu. Ngisho elele, baqhubeka ukuxazulula inkinga (isibonelo, Mendeleev). Münsterberg ithekhniki le kuvumela ukwandisa degree of emakamu yayo - ngakho, ngomqondo, kunomthelela ukukhula zochwepheshe umuntu. Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi wonke umuntu unekhono ngandlela endaweni, kodwa kungaba kuyophumelela, lithembela ngokuphelele ikhono layo ukuze ugxile umgomo.

Ngakho, kunzima overestimate izinzuzo okuyinto efihla indlela Münsterberg at ukunakwa. Izivivinyo silula, kodwa uma ukuwasebenzisa kahle futhi enze njalo, bese usebenzisa ikhono zabo zilalele emsebenzini, bese wonke umuntu usengozini lwezinyawo losuku olulodwa wake up buchopho.