AmaMongol AmaTatar - umlando ezweni Russian sokudonsa

Eyokuqala Mongol-Tatar ayehlasela Russia ngokusebenzisa asemaqeleni Black Sea waqala engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIII. UGenghis Khan (uTemüjin) okuhloswe kanjalo sandise esimweni saso omkhulu, okuyinto ngalesisikhathi ayesuka ogwini oLwandle iPacific kuya yoLwandle iCaspian.

Ngo emaqeleni eningizimu ogwini Sea ngenkathi izizwe Polovtsian wahlala. Baqala ucele usizo lokusekelwa wezikhulu Russian, bethi uma namuhla amaMongol-AmaTatar bathatha izindawo Polovtsian, kusasa kanye ukufinyelela ukuba izwe Russian.

Ukuvela, izitha ezintsha ezazingaziwa enamandla, zabangela ukwesaba okukhulu eRussia. Kuphela ababusi amazwe eningizimu banquma ukusiza Polovtsy ekudingisweni isitha. Bakhandwa ibutho ubunye, bahlulwa ngokuphelele Battle of the River Kalka. AmaMongol AmaTatar futhi kungazelelwe usenqume ukushiya izwe Russian ngemva kokunqoba kwakhe.

Ngo 1227 Khan unbeaten wafa kanye nempahla yakhe enkulu ngaphambilini ihlukaniswe phakathi kwamadodana akhe, ubusa phezu kwakho konke ukuphana ngenkathi Udyog.

Ingxenye bezwe baya omsa uGenghis Khan, Batu. Wanquma ukuba siphishekele Inqubomgomo nolaka kakhokho wakhe futhi bandise imingcele impahla yawo entsha.

Ngo 1236 ibutho elikhulu of AmaTatar eholwa Batu Khan ethumba kalula inhloko-dolobha iVolga-Kama Bulgars, emzini Bulgaria Omkhulu, futhi 1237 besondela kwemingcele Ryazan ubukhulu. Batu Khan wathumela izithunywa zakhe nezikhulu zendawo ukuze siqaphele igunya lakhe futhi uvume ukukhokha okweshumi. Labo ngeqholo kuye: "Konke eyakho, uma singabe sisaba khona."

izikhulu Ryazan ukuvusela isikhulu uVladimir. Kodwa-ke imithelela umthelela kwesikhathi eside kwehlukana nokuntuleka kobunye phakathi kwabantu Rus. UVladimir Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i ukunikeza usizo, futhi ulungiselela impi futhi alwe bebodwa.

Njalo ubukhulu Russian wayenethonya ukumelana angakhuluma isitha, kodwa kuphela abakwazi ukuba simelane amabutho ehleliwe Batu.

Ngemva ukuthunjwa Ryazan umhlaba, amaMongol-AmaTatar waya Suzdal. Inhloko-dolobha ye ubukhulu, edolobheni laseVladimir, elathunjwa bese ishiswa. Kwalandela Rostov, Yaroslavl, eMoscow, Tver futhi Suzdal. Kulomhlaba akekho noyedwa ngomzana, okuyiwona kwakungeke ibutho, kwashona nokusha konke endleleni yayo. A Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich wabulawa Battle of eMfuleni City.

Eminyakeni emibili, ayehlasela AmaTatar ngilinqobile lonke enyakatho-mpumalanga yeRussia. I ukumelana abanolaka kakhulu kwadingeka izakhamizi zaseFree elincane Kozelsk. Ngenxa yalesi abahlaseli usike kubo bonke phambi komuntu, kodwa amanxiwa kuphela kwesokunxele kusuka edolobheni.

Ngu 1240 amabutho Batu liyobamba futhi indawo Russian ningizimu-ntshonalanga. Pal Chernigov futhi Pereyaslavl. Ebusika 1240 kwaba ukuthunjwa Kiev ngu amaMongol. Russia wathotshiswa.

Eminyakeni elandelako embalwa, lezi zidlamlilo wadabula Hungary, yeSilesia, eMoravia nePoland. Kodwa isikhathi esingakanani lapho amaTartar akakwazanga ukumelana futhi abuyela. Extreme entshonalanga imingcele Ukunqoba kuka baba naseVolyn ubukhulu kanye Galician.

Ngemva kwalokho, amaMongol-AmaTatar banquma ukuhlala e-eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Russian Plain futhi wasungula Khanate entsha - Golden zidlamlilo. Ngokomthetho, it is ilawulwe omkhulu Mongol Khan, kodwa kancane kancane yaba geqe. Zolotaya Orda isinqumo wonke amazwe Russian e Sea esifundeni, Urals futhi izingxenye emaqeleni West laseSiberia.

Tatar khan akasiqedanga iziphathimandla wezikhulu isiRashiya, kodwa kutholwe phezu kwalo. Ngemva ukuqashelwa zezikhulu amandla obuphakeme zidlamlilo, bangakwazi ngokusemthethweni bayobusa principalities zabo, ethola okuthiwa "label". Batu mathupha yahlulelwe okuyinto wezikhulu osaphila we ubukhulu anikeza ebhodini. Amandla izikhulu Russian phezu kwabantu bakhe ngesikhathi esifanayo kunyuke kuphela njengoba manje wencike omkhulu amandla zangaphandle amaviyo Golden zidlamlilo.

Yonke labantu ababusi, wayazi kahle kabusha futhi ekhokhwa intela esindayo. Ekuqaleni, imali yakhe wabekwa icala Baskakov - Izikhulu ezithile zidlamlilo. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwakwenziwa abathengisi ongakholwa ngubani kusukela igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini zabo ziye uncome usayizi edingekayo bese abeke yayo kusukela balapha, cashing e kuso.

Ephanga, ukuhlukunyezwa nokuphathwa ngobudlova ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuthi kuvukela ethandwa ngokumelene AmaTatar. Kodwa ababusi bendawo wazama ukuxoxa zidlamlilo njengoba hhayi ukuletha abantu bakhe futhi kuqothulwe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIV iziphathimandla Tatar namanje kubhekwa kuwusizo kakhudlwana ukuphathisa ukuqoqwa inkokhiso ngqo izikhulu Russian.

Amandla Golden zidlamlilo, kancane kancane buthaka - ababusi eqinile akasekho, futhi internecine ekuqhutshweni Khans senze isimo sishube. Ngo-November 1480 e-kokuhilizisana juqu we Ugra River amabutho izikhulu Russian bakwazi ukuzuza Mongol-Tatar ibutho. Ngenxa yalokho abahlaseli baphoqeleka ukuba ayobuyela endaweni yawo zomlando. Ngakho iphele ngokusemthethweni ahlala isikhathi eside Mongol-Tatar ijoka, Russia baba khulula futhi.