Admiral Ushakov biography. umlawuli Russian asolwandle, u-Admiral Fodor Fodorovich Ushakov

Emlandweni ibutho lethu futhi lasolwandle abanobuntu ngokwanele abavelele. Lawa nabantu kungaba nethonya elinamandla on ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela umkhakha empini kodwa wekuba sive lonke leli lizwe. Esinye sazo kwakungu- Admiral Ushakov. Biography of lo muntu omangalisayo, ukubona lesi sihloko.

ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, ukhuluma okungenani yokuthi lemikhumbi yempi ka ngaphansi koMbuso Russian neSoviet Union ebebanemikhombi eziningana ngegama lakhe. Ikakhulukazi, ngisho eyodwa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu we Navy Soviet. Kusukela ngo-1944, kukhona ama-oda izindondo Ushakov. It lethiwa eziningi izindawo e-Arctic.

ukuphila Early

Fyodor Ushakov wazalwa, undunankulu esizayo, edolobhaneni amancane Burnakovo, walahlekelwa esifundazweni enkulu eMoscow, ngo-February 1745. Yena uvela emndenini umnikazi, kodwa hhayi ngicebe kakhulu. Akumangalisi ayenakho ukuya esikoleni ekuseni ukuze hhayi ukuphoqelela abazali ukuchitha imali ngokwalokho ekuqukethe. Ngo-1766 wafunda i-ubusosha Corps, ethola elisezingeni Iphoyisa. Umsebenzi wakhe asolwandle waqala oLwandle iBaltic. ngokushesha Ushakov wazibonakalisa umkhuzi lokhonako indoda onesibindi.

Qala service, impumelelo lokuqala

Kakade eminyakeni 1768-1774, ngesikhathi sempi yokuqala ne abaseTurkey, Ushakov umsebenzi umyalo eziningana yempi. Wabuye iqhaza ekumeleleni nobuqhawe ogwini YaseCrimea.

Esikhathini Baltic Fyodor Ushakov wayala frigate "St Paul", futhi kamuva kuso futhi wenza ushintsho lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera. Wafeza izabelo ezibalulekile ukuthutha izingodo at the St Petersburg igceke lemikhumbi. Ngo 1780, waze esimisiwe induna yacht yasebukhosini, kodwa undunankulu esizayo enqaba lokhu okuthunyelwe yisicefe futhi ayizicelo ukudluliswa emuva wempi umugqa. Khona-ke Ushakov wathola isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni besigaba sesibili.

Kusukela 1780 kuze 1782 wayala yempi "Victor". Phakathi nale nkathi, Ushakov njalo emigwaqweni: yena neqembu lakhe ukuvikela imizila yezohwebo kusukela privateers isiNgisi, ngubani ngempela unbelted ngaleso sikhathi.

Indima kudalwa Sea Fleet

Isenzo esisodwa sokungathembeki eyaziwa ikakhulukazi Admiral Ushakov. Umlando wakhe kuhlanganisa yokuthi lo muntu omunye wabasunguli be-bonke Black Sea Fleet. Kusukela 1783 yena waba waziphatha ukwakhiwa kwalesi Sevastopol isisekelo ngoxhaxha, mathupha abaqondiswa ibandulo labaSebenzi nabasebenza entsha on shumbi. Ngu 1874, Ushakov waba ngukaputeni esiseqophelweni eliphezulu. Wabe uthola i the Order of St uVladimir degree angu-4 th i mpi yakhe ngokumelene ubhubhane Inhlupho Kherson. Ngemva kwalokho, waphathiswa imithwalo umyalo umkhumbi "St Paul" futhi wanikwa isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni, uBrigadier.

Impi ne-Turks

Phakathi nenye impi ne abaseTurkey, kusukela 1787 kuze 1791 wawubizwa ngokuthi Ushakov uxhumano nomsebenzisi ngokunqoba okhazimula kunabo yemikhumbi yaseRussia. Ngakho, ngo-ulwandle izimpi edude Fidonisi Islands (manje ebizwa ngokuthi Inyoka), eyaqala ngo-July 3, 1788, u-Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov mathupha baqondisa yaphenduka amaphikankani frigates ezine. Imikhumbi-Turkish ngesikhathi lalinabashumayeli imikhumbi 49 nje, elaliholwa Eski-Hassan.

Sasihlanganyela 36 imikhumbi liner izitsha - kancane izikhathi eziyisihlanu. It Ushakov, ngekhono elawula, futhi ngaphandle kokunikeza indlela abaseTurkey, ephethwe ulwe ezimbili emikhunjini yabo best of the line, ukudweba nomlilo izibhamu zabo ukuba abaleke. Emahoreni amathathu yathatha le mpi, okwaphumela yonke imikhumbi-Turkish wakhetha umhlalaphansi. Ngalesi impi Ngokuzayo Admiral Ushakov (yomlando wakhe kuchazwa esihlokweni) banikwa Cavaliers of St George.

Izenzo ezintsha

Emibili eyalandela ku izimpi zasolwandle akusethwanga. Noma kunjalo, ngo 1790 ngaphansi ukuphathwa Ushakov adlulisele yonke Black Sea imikhumbi. Isikhulu asebenzayo ngokushesha waqala ukuqeqesha omakhenikha izitsha umugqa oyinhloko. Ngokushesha ngathola ithuba ukuhlola umsebenzi: kusukela Sinope isigaba engemuva Admiral Ushakov ngamabhomu cishe amathathu imikhumbi isitha. Ngenxa yalokho, lonke isigaba Turkish langena kuhlasela. Zisalindele lokho, onekhono ithimba kusengaphambili kwaholela imikhumbi yakhe bawubeka ukuze aqinise eduze Kerch Strait ukuze ukuvimba imikhumbi ukufohla Turkish eCrimea futhi ukuvimbela ukufika lokushaya isitha. Yaqala kanjalo-ke le Kerch impi asolwandle. Ngemva kwalokho, yangena cishe zonke izincwadi ku impi asolwandle, njengoba amasu asetshenziswa ke i Umkhuzi, babe ngokokuqala isihambile ngempela.

impi entsha

Nokho, ngokushesha Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich (kabani biography iqukethe iziqephu eziningi ezinjalo) isinqumo ukuhlangabezana isigaba Turkish. Lokhu nesilingo wazibonakalisa angenakuvinjwa abaseTurkey: ethemba ukuthola umoya evumayo, banquma endizela Shintshela ku imikhumbi Russian ulichithe.

Nokho, icebo labo ngoba Ushakov yayisobala, kodwa ngoba esifike umyalo wokuba kwakhiwe kabusha bese ugqamisa yempi ambalwa thembeke amboze avant-garde. Lapho lokugcina abaseTurkey iboshelwe impi, lwafika imikhumbi yaseRussia. Ngu ngehora lesithathu ntambama umoya waqala umusa izimoto zethu. Amabili squadrons lwemikhumbi waqala bukhomba ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha wezikhali yabo bajoyine Duel esishubile.

Gunners Russian bazibonakalisa kule mpi nje emihle. Ngokushesha, iningi imikhumbi-Turkish ngenxa esindayo imishini ekubhujisweni akakwazanga iqhaza ukulwa. Bekusele kancane nje ukuba, futhi Russian beqala ukujabula ukunqoba okugcwele olungenamkhawulo. I-Turks wakwazi ukubaleka kuphela ukusebenza kangcono ngemikhumbi yakhona icwecwe futhi emincanyana. Ngakho indaba ngoxhaxha Black Sea agcwaliswa nomunye nokunqoba okukhazimulayo.

Izazi-mlando eziningi zithi ezisivunayo kule mpi, isitha ilahleke umkhumbi owodwa Ngishoné, kodwa isimo imikhumbi-Turkish kwakusobala kangangokuthi wayezothola ukulwa ncamashi bahluleka ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nabasebenza kuzo baye balahlekelwa omkhulu Manpower, namabutho kokufika abangu Uqothukile sina. NgesiRashiya kuphela wabulala abantu abangu-29. Kuyinto behlonipha lokhu kunqoba ngo-1915, omunye yempi yemikhumbi waqanjwa "Kerch".

Battle eduze Tendra

Ngo Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1790 kwaba BATTLE ngempela ebalulekile OF TENDRA lapho isigaba Ushakova ngokuzumayo bakhubekile lapho abaseTurkey, ngubani ngokukhululekile elele ihange. Admiral indiva zonke emasikweni imikhumbi, wayala kuhlasela sendleleni, ngaphandle ekuvuseleleni eside. Ukuqiniseka impumelelo ukuthi owabangelwa khona lapho isibe inqolobane yendabuko frigates ezine.

isigaba-Turkish wayala Kapudan Pasha Hussein. Wayengumuntu umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle babhekana nazo, kodwa ngisho waphoqeleka ukuba ashona ngemva kwamahora amaningana ukulwa okukhulu. I Flagship ngoxhaxha Russian "Christmas" iphansi kwesandla sika-Ushakov wahola impi kanyekanye ngemikhumbi bebathathu isitha. Lapho-Turks baye bagijimela ukubaleka, imikhumbi Russian babaxosha kwaze kwaba kusihlwa, futhi kwase kudingeka ihange.

Ngakusasa impi uqalisiwe ngomfutho ovuselelwe. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa lwempi yaphela ngo bayonqoba ngokuphelele izimoto zethu. Ngenxa yalesi undunankulu anikezwe i the Order of St George sika 2 nd degree, anamakhulu mahlanu serfs, enikezwa isifundazwe Mogilev. Ngemva kwalokho, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich, ngamafuphi, isibe umninindawo abaninimhlaba "ngesihluku-egcwele". Nokho, ku-izigodi zabo, wacishe akuvakashelwe, njalo kokuba matasa imikhumbi.

Battle of Kaliakra ngokunqoba entsha

On izwe, Turkey uye wahlupheka ukulimala unomphela. Sultan Pasha isinqumo ukulwa emuva, ukuthatha revenge on kolwandle. Yempi zathathwa kuwo wonke umbuso, futhi ngokushesha duze Istanbul kwaba imikhumbi emangalisayo esinamandla. Wayekhona inani 78 imikhumbi ngokushesha usufikile eduze kwaseCape Kaliakra. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala iholide Muslim Eid al-Adha, ezinye nabasebenza wadedelwa ejele ogwini.

Nokho, uhulumeni waseRussia kulesi sikhathi ekuqaleni izingxoxo ne isitha buthakathaka, ukuze abaseTurkey yayimane nje ujabule kakhulu. Kodwa undunankulu angazanga ngakho Ushakov (yomlando wakhe ngaleyo ndlela agcwaliswa enye impi) lapho ethola imikhumbi-Turkish. Ngokusho umkhuba wakhe omdala, masinyane wanikeza umyalo wokwakha kabusha kule sikhundla stowed, kanyekanye zokudubula ngoxhaxha isitha kusuka zonke izibhamu.

I-Turks wazama ukuphinda iqhinga ngaphansi umlilo, ngesikhathi abasolwa kokuseshwa. Khona-ke kwaqala Battle of Cape Kaliakra. kakade Sishilo Flagship ngoxhaxha Russian "Christmas" ukuya sokuhlasela isitha. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho ngoxhaxha isitha owayehlakazekile, futhi ngo-1791 ekugcineni dweba thula vumelwane.

I post-yimpi umsebenzi

Ngemva kwempi, u-Admiral enikelwe sonke isikhathi namandla ayo izikhandla ukuze ukulungiswa kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi lase-Black Sea Fleet. Ngo 1793 wakhushulelwa Vice Admiral. Phakathi nale nkathi, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich, ogama biography ugcwele kwezenzakalo ezibalulekile, kakade unedumela elikhulu lemikhumbi yempi, lapho kuyahlonishwa ngisho netitsa imbala.

Futhi kukhona okwenzekayo ukujika ukwazi umlando, eRussia sokusebenzisana ngokumelene French iba sizana Turkey, ngawo Ushakov alwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Phakathi bomkhankaso saseMelitha 1798-1800 ukuvakashelwa Admiral ukuze Istanbul, lapho isigaba lakhe bajoyine ngoxhaxha Kadir Bey. Umsebenzi kwakunzima: ukukhulula eziningi iziqhingi (kuhlanganise neCorfu nesiGreki), niphume nize lijoyinane eBritish iphansi kwesandla sika-Nelson.

Ukuthatha neCorfu

Cishe zonke Okuqondiwe kuhlelwe bathunjwa ebaleka, kodwa neCorfu kwaba inqaba enamandla, kodwa ngenxa Ushakov lokuqala beyalwa ukuba angene naye ukuvinjelwa ulwandle. Infantry ku isigaba united kwakunganele, ngakho-ke cabanga mayelana kuhlasela kwakungeyona kwesikhathi. Ngemva zingxoxo nokuphikelelayo ohlangothini Turkish ekugcineni yathuma khona abantu abayizinkulungwane 4.5 amasosha nomunye 2000 babe abezempi wendawo. Kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza uhlelo ukuthatha into.

paratroopers isiRashiya, ngaphansi umlilo kusukela Fort lawela, ngokushesha waqala ukwakha wezikhali amabhethri amabili. Ezinye izindaba zika-elihamba bayalwa ukuhlasela ekuqiniseni okuqhubekayo-French. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Yaqala umbelesele siqhingi Vido, ogama isikaniso umaluju ngokushesha.

wezikhali Naval bamelana ngokuphumelelayo ibhethri isiFulentshi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukuhlasela. Ingabe ngokushesha ethumba ingxenye odongeni, bese ikampu waqaphela ukuthi ukumelana okwengeziwe okuhle ngeke. On umkhumbi undunankulu sika "St Paul" izinyathelo zokwenza ezingxoxweni lacela umaluju.

Umsebenzi ohlakaniphile

Ngalesi ukusebenza Ushakov ukhushuliwe Umkhuzi egcwele. Ngisho abaseTurkey eyethulwe wangaphambili isitha eziningi izipho zakhe zenani elikhulu, siqaphela ithalente lakhe lempi. Ukulandela lezi zenzakalo, le isigaba Russian ngenkuthalo basiza amabutho phansi Suvorov, ngaleso sikhathi, ezadala Northern Italy. Ngezenzo esebenza kuzo eMedithera, Admiral Russian nakanjani ngokuphelele imizila yezohwebo lesitha, kanyekanye ekuvimbeni emachwebeni Genoa futhi Ancona. Landing umkhumbi wakhe kahle owayevelele phakathi nokushaya ukukhululwa kwezinhloko zamaviyo French e-Naples neRoma.

Ngalesi sikhathi, itilosi ubudala emangazwe bonke ngethalente ohlakaniphile wakhe wokuqeda ubuhlobo nabanekhono owayezoba ucime izinkinga impande futhi ukuxoxisana nabo bakwazi. Nguye nesandla ekwakhiweni weRiphabhulikhi Eziqhingini Seven eGreece, kanye nabanye osomaqhinga wadala iSigele ngesiGreki. Isingeniso oda amasha bajabula kakhulu lapho kuphuma cishe bonke abantu bakulezi ziqhingi. Lezi ezintsha Yaduma ngu Ushakov e lezo zindawo, kodwa kubangelwa ukunganeliseki okukhulu kuka-Alexander I.

umhlalaphansi

Zonke lezo zinyanga eziyisithupha ukuthi undunankulu babenethuba Ionian Islands babesaqhubeka ukunqoba. Abantu bendawo iphathwa umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle njengoba umkhululi wabo kusukela umsebenzi French. I isigaba lenkaba wabuya Septhemba 26, 1800, eboshelwe Sevastopol. UMbusi akazange asijabulele kakhulu abanokubukwa republic of Ushakov, kodwa into ayengeke akwenze naye, ngoba ukwesaba ukuthi abantu bayosabela balelo butho nezinye lasolwandle. Ngo 1802, it esuswa ezindaweni ezibaluleke ngempela kuqala, ikhanda yemikhumbi ukugwedla e oLwandle iBaltic nokuqeqeshwa amakamu Mariners esimisiwe.

Nokho, Ushakov futhi wathokoza ngakho: iminyaka eminingi kakhulu ngohambo lwasolwandle akazange kuthuthukiswe impilo, kodwa ngoba kakade 1807 yena umhlalaphansi. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa French e 1812, wabahola Tambov abezempi, kodwa komyanga ngokomzimba inhlalakahle mathupha empini is abasahilelekile. Abafile Umkhuzi elikhazimulayo ngo-1817, waba ngikweluleke wangcwatshwa esigodlweni sezindela Sanaskarskom.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ngokuphila

Emlandweni basolwandle Ushakov emhlabeni wonke alizanga kuphela njengenhlangano okungenakuqhathaniswa yinoma ubani beshaya Admiral, kodwa futhi njengoba umlobi we brand amaqhinga amasha we imikhumbi ukulwa. Uyaqaphela omkhulu futhi ekuqeqeshweni amaqembu anabantu abangu umkhumbi isigaba sakhe, okuyinto wammisa ngaphandle kuzo izinduna leyo minyaka ngamunye. Admiral bathandile abangaphansi: wayengumuntu ezinzima futhi kuyakhandla, kodwa ungabi nonya.

Yini enye engingabuye Ushakov ezaziwayo? Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo kuye wanikeza isiphetho esimangazayo: lapho oda eU.SSR izindondo egameni lakhe lamiswa, kwaba sobala ... ukuthi akekho owazi indlela ukubheka umlawuli omkhulu wamabutho asolwandle empeleni. Kuphela isithombe sakhe sangomhla 1912, eneminyaka engu-Admiral engamakhulu njengoba kwakungeke uyaphila. Ikhambi lenkinga wanikela oyisazi abadumile Gerasimov: Crypt Admiral wavulwa (futhi kwathi abanye izigangi kakade ukuntshontsha zonke izimpahla zabo futhi igolide inkemba), nge usosayensi skull wathatha izilinganiso lapho ukuvuselelwa sithombe sidalwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1944.

Kodwa akugcini lapho. Esikhathini sethu, le ndoda ovelele ngesikhathi abagcotshwa njengosanta yiSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Manje ongcwele Admiral Ushakov ivikela zonke izihambi futhi labo abahamba nje uhambo olude.

Futhi iqiniso elilodwa elishiwo ngaphezulu. Ngo Sanaksar Monastery has amathuna ezimbili ... Feodor Ushakov. Omunye wabo - we Admiral. Enye ngeka kuyisekazi ngubani phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kwaba wesigodlo we sezindela. Ngokufunda zomlando, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi itilosi abadumile ayethanda ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwalezi zindonga, uhlezi esixukwini madding. Yingakho ebhala intando yakhe, owawuthi kwaba ukuba angcwatshwe eduze bomfowabo kayise.