Zokwenziwa polymers

Namuhla, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene polymers, mhlawumbe, akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange yimuphi omunye zokukhiqiza yesimanje. Inqotshwe sesimweni alawula umkhakha esindayo futhi ukwakhiwa kanye ukukhanya nokudla izimboni. Kuyini lokhu impahla ngokuyisimangaliso?

Yiziphi polymers

Resin - kuyinto into macromolecular ehlanganisa okuvela uchungechunge izakhiwo (monomers). amayunithi okunjalo esikuziphathimandla polymer kungaba okuningi kakhulu. ukuxhumana yabo nomunye esebenzisa covalent izibopho okuyinto ukukhuthaza ukwakheka macromolecules.

Nokunye okuningi kukhona umsuka organic noma wezinto ezingaphili. I-organic compounds yamangqamuzana, khona-carbon liyadingeka, engesiyo siyinhloko izakhiwo wezinto ezingaphili noma zokwenziwa. Organic compounds polymeric kukhona isici-carbon-iketango hetero.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, polymers namanje ihlukaniswe zemvelo, yokufakelwa and zokwenziwa. Lapho monotsepey organic by ezithile zamakhemikhali ukusabela ulungisiwe njengomlobokazi elibona macromolecular. Ngokwesibonelo, uhala noma ngumuntu inqubo yamakhemikhali iguqulwe ibe nezindwangu zokwenziwa polymeric.

Futhi lokho izici of polymers yokufakelwa zokwenziwa? Modern yokukhiqiza izinqubo uvumele ukudalwa i polymers bokuzenzela noma Kuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinto eziphuma ezintweni eziphilayo, okungukuthi, ukwakheka izinto yokufakelwa. polymers Zokwenziwa uzilungiselele zamagama okulula izinto ephansi yamangqamuzana noma ezinye izinto zokwenziwa polymeric.

Ukwahlukaniswa polymers

systematization okunemibandela libabiza kumaqembu alandelayo:

1. Yemvelo isilwane polymers esetshenziswa abantu isikhathi eside. Izibonelo yilezi ezilandelayo: gelatin, glycogen.

2. Yemvelo isitshalo polymers, okuyinto thina nakho ajwayelekile. Lokhu isitashi, iraba, cellulose futhi lignin.

3. Yemvelo polymers amaminerali - sisetshenziswa kabanzi Silica noma asebenza ngebhethri amaminerali ngokuthi idwala crystal. crystal Painted kuba netshe eliyigugu - amethiste. Ngesimo oluyimpuphu it is iguqulwe esihlabathini evamile.

4. polymers Artificial wenza kusukela monomers organic. I-cellulose izinto leaching usebenzisa polyesters wenza: ethylcellulose, benziltsellyuloza futhi methylcellulose obusetshenziswa embonini upende. izinto eziningi ezinjalo zenziwa yoboya, lesikhumba, uboya, usilika nokunye. D.

5. polymers Zokwenziwa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni, sathola ukusabalala omkhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, e umkhakha ukukhanya ezihlanganiswe futhi wathungela izindwangu ka nezindwangu zokwenziwa njenge-polyester, inayiloni polypropylene, nitrone. Inamandla kakhulu futhi ngacishe ongenakucimeka wokulingwa. idatha polymers Zokwenziwa ezimele isakhiwo esiyisisekelo imicu izicubu etholwe polycondensation eminye ikhemikhali acid ezifana ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, a polyolefin noma polyacrylonitrile. Ngakho-ke, izimfanelo eziyisisekelo polimerov- "okhokho" adluliswa, futhi polisoedineniyam uhlobo olusha obelungekho. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola izinto ukukhanya kakhulu futhi nokunwebeka nge ongaphakeme conductivity ezishisayo, amelana imiphumela zamakhemikhali, ngokomzimba futhi ukuvunguza komoya.

Ngenxa izakhiwo eziningi zenani elikhulu, zokwenziwa polymers bathole isicelo hhayi kuphela basembonini yendwangu, kodwa futhi imithi, izimonyo futhi perfume izimboni, ezolimo, yezimoto, ukwakhiwa, likhaya nakweminye imikhakha.