Ihange chain. Uphiko zedivayisi ihange

Ihange uchungechunge - okuyisici esibalulekile idivayisi okubambelela lonke isitsha iyonke. Eyokuqala ihange amaketanga yaba yiminyaka emakhulu mabini edlule. Manje ihange uchungechunge design kungaphansi amazinga balala ukuhlolwa lokukhanda.

Umlando ihange chain

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, amatilosi esetshenziswa Hemp intambo zokuthola amahange. Sailboats phakathi nenkulungwane zokugcina yayiqhutshelwa phakathi kokuhlala amahange amancane amandla intambo Hemp kwakwanele. With ukuthuthukiswa imikhumbi shipbuilding zasolwandle, ngakho-ke, amahange babe esinzima ngokwengeziwe. Ukuze uyoba nawo amandla anele, Hemp izindophi Usufike isigamu imitha selilonke, ngakho kwakudingeka balisebenzise kahle emikhawulweni ohlabayo zokuba avale intambo noma Twine e bollard sigubhu capstan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Hemp izindophi frays ihange hawse neqhwa wanqunywa isinxephezeliso isisindo sabo ongaphakeme, kwakudingekile ukuba isisindo induku ihange.

Ukuphela eminyaka nesishiyagalombili futhi nesishiyagalolunye eyaziwa ekuqaleni amacala isehlane kwesicelo metallic ihange amaketanga, okuyinto ngokuphawulekayo neshaya lapho kuneziphepho, futhi ngesikhathi ice-lasemini iThames. Ukuqala ezisemthethweni ukusetshenziswa neketanga metal ubhekwa 1814.

Ama-frigate bird "Pallada", Yethulwe 1832 - Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala ngoxhaxha isiRashiya, ifakwe ihange ngamaketanga.

Kakade ngo-1859, ngaphambi kokufakwa ku imikhumbi wempi waseBrithani i ihange amaketanga aqala ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi ukungezwani ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko akhiwa Register KaLloyd, futhi ngo-1879 - futhi phezu break.

Izidingo Shipping Register

Ikakhulukazi okusheshayo imikhumbi Russian waqala ukuthuthukisa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, futhi ngaleso sikhathi Ukwahlukaniswa imikhumbi ayisekho nezidingo zokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1913, ke kwamiswa kazwelonke ngezigaba umphakathi "Register Russian", okusho emlandweni Soviet seyaziwa ngokuthi irejista zase-USSR, futhi manje - Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS). imisebenzi yaso zihlanganisa nesilinganiso kanye ngezigaba Imikhumbi izakhiwo elintantayo, ukugcinwa wokuBhaliswa zabo, ukuqapha kubo futhi kokuqondisa lobuchwepheshe.

Ngokusho nezidingo Register imithambo zasolwandle kumelwe ukuba yaba zokusebenza ababili kwathi omunye ezisele ulwandle ihange. Kulokhu-ke ngamunye obuphelele uchungechunge akufanele amamitha angamakhulu engaphansi kwemibili ikhona, it unikezwa esikhundleni umnsalo ihange. Futhi, amabili ahlanganisa isixhumanisi kanye ubakaki sekupheleni. Ihange ngomkhumbi idivayisi inikeza izindlela okuyinto umthamo ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ihange akuyona ngaphezu kwesigamu sehora. Ngokweyame izakhi kokuqondisa Register abamelwe zedivayisi ihange.

ihange igiya

Fixed ukuze iketango ihange unikezwa noma kwancipha by izindlela ezikhethekile kanye namadivayisi. Ihange uchungechunge bavimbe yedivayisi ibuyisela ebabayo ekupheleni uchungechunge fairleads - konke libuthene ndawonye, iyona ihange imishini umkhumbi. It has izikhonkwane ezimbili ezinhlangothini ungaphakathi umnsalo bomkhumbi. On the ekhaleni isethiwe futhi indophi nge drive kagesi noma wokubacindezela. The main ingxenye indophi - lwenkanyezi, okuyinto ahlala chain links. Umklamo sihlanganisa sigubhu indophi enikezwe nilimaza Moorings.

I chain kusukela ihange sidlula sekhefu ebhodini, kanye hawse ngesivalo ihange nilimaza ku indophi sprocket kanye khulula ekupheleni ubakaki kuvikelwe kuya isitsha eydijithali chain.

Eminye imikhumbi asethwe engemuva yomkhumbi kudivayisi ihange. Kusukela isikhala kukhawulwe esikebheni ke ukuthi siphakamise elilodwa noma amabili amahange ukondla esetshenziswa embhoshongweni. Lokhu sigubhu rotary lwenkanyezi ezansi, zibheka ukukhwezwa. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela kuba motor kagesi, okungaba noma isigubhu noma ngaphansi emphemeni. On the chain sprocket is ukulimaza. Photography libonisa kudivayisi capstan, lapho oku-1 - kuyinto isigubhu, 2- ovundlile sprocket 3 - ihange chain.

Ukukhiya nokulungisa izakhi

Ukuvimba enamathiselwe ekuvimbeleni etching okuvele labetibambile ngaphansi ukungezwani iketango ihange Cluzet. Bona ingalungiswa noma ephathekayo: iketango emphemeni.

Ngu design, the bavimbe kukhona cam Kuvunguza noma ibhuloho mortgage. izitobhi Eccentric efakwe emiphongolweni emincane. Chain bavimbe - kukhona imicibisholo short, okuyinto zidlulela ubakaki ihange futhi unamathele emphemeni enisemikhawulweni Obukhov ezimbili.

Ihange amapayipi hawse kulo abakhonza ukuze bahlanze ihange ihange uchungechunge kungenzeka ezivamile, ashiselwe noma waphonsa izitsha ezokuthutha nokudoba; evulekile njengoba okuqinile asakazwe kudoti umzimba ezikebheni nizkobortnyh; nge nasembonini Plating uhlangothi umgibeli imikhumbi, imikhumbi ice navigation, okuvumela ukususa ezishaywayo ihange ngesikhumba, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ingozi yokonakalisa.

Izinhlobo kanye amahange ukwakhiwa

Namuhla, kunamabandla amane izinhlobo zezikhonkwane. Nge babe amahange zazo wahlela imiphini evuthayo yomnsalo, isitsha agcinwe endaweni. Ubuningi isisindo sabo on yezinkampani izindiza ifinyelela 30 m. Ukusekela ihange aft ukuthi inhloso yalokhu ukuvimbela umkhumbi ukuze ujike emhlabeni kuwumgogodla. Zokulondoloza eside lezinto elintantayo, ezifana buoys futhi beacons, fixed amahange "ufile". Fidgeted ubambe injongo imikhumbi ezikhethekile, t. N. izitsha umaki yezimayini.

Njengamanje it is emhlabeni eyaziwa zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka nanhlanu amahange. Kodwa ihange ulwandle yakhiwa izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko. Ngesisekelo isakhiwo sonke kuyinto uthi lokuphotha. On uthi lokuphotha izimpondo zenyamazane umile noma swivel ukukhwezwa ngezidladla, okuyinto zigweda inhlabathi bese ugcine isikebhe endaweni. Perpendicular izimpondo kanye kushaft lokuphotha itholakala, okuyinto uphendulela ihange ezansi ngemuva dive, ayinikezi izimpondo amanga nendawo. Yasibamba ihange intambo noma ihange iketango iringi ngocingo inikezwa ebizwe indandatho.

izakhi eziyisisekelo iketango ihange

Isici esiyinhloko yochungechunge ihange - isixhumanisi elenziwe esithando ashiselwe steel induku nensimbi olubunjiwe noma waphonsa eNqutshini kanye spacer omnene steel iphuma.

Neminsalo ihange uchungechunge exhunywe kwi-kubakaki yokuxhuma, elula noma nokuphathelene, ezivame kakhulu okuyinto Kenter shackle. ukudla Simple kungukuthi insured wokulwa ukuvulwa ngephutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho lusetshenziswa esibulalayo amayunithi ngozankosi eyenziwa ngaphandle buttresses, futhi kunangendlela amayunithi ezivamile.

Kenter shackle like isixhumanisi evamile, kuphela uqhekeko. I neengcezu emibili ubakaki axhunyiwe enqabeni futhi zaqhubeka strut, okuyinto ifakwe engela lead pin cap.

Swivel, okuyinto evimbela kuhlanekezela iketango ihange ngesikhathi Anchorage, ngokuvamile isakhiwo langempela swivel esibulalayo iyunithi namayunithi ezimbili kwagcizelela therebetween.

isixhumanisi Okuhlezi emqondweni - ne eNqutshini, amancane ngosayizi ngaphandle ukuphela, kodwa sibe sikhulu kunesihlalo isixhumanisi evamile. Bracket ihange efakwa iso uthi lokuphotha ihange, ibuye exhunywe kwi-link ekupheleni ubakaki swivel ihange, esemnikela emuva.

Umklamo iketango ihange

Ihange chain, kanye nanoma yikuphi, liqukethe izixhumanisi, kodwa design ngisho simple. Izixhumanisi uya ubude eshiwo, ababiziweyo neminsalo Lesisemkhatsini. Ngu amazinga Russian imikhumbi isibopho obuphelele 25 metres, e-UK, lapho wamukela nesilinganiso obuphelele e amayadi angu - 27,43 amamitha noma 30 amayadi angu. Uyakhothama kuya wayefisa chain ubude ndawonye futhi ixhunywe phakathi ukusebenza canter. Le ndlela inhlangano yenza kube lula ukususa izindawo ezilimele futhi ukushintsha ubude iketango ihange lapho kudingeka.

Umsuka umnsalo, okuyinto eqondiswa ebhokisini chain nge uhlangothi ekupheleni ubakaki uphela, kanti enye zhvakogalsom iyakhula. Zhvakogalsovaya Uthingo emfushane, komunye umkhawulo kuvikelwe ukuba uchungechunge eydijithali ngodobo at komunye umkhawulo iketanga. Isithombe esibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhulula hook uzwane ukusonga. Lo mklamo ivumela oyedwa ngokushesha ukukhulula umkhumbi iketango ihange.

Ihange umnsalo (Umhlahlandlela umugqa) kubuye ezahlukene ukwakhiwa kusukela Lesisemkhatsini. Kuhlanganisa swivel. Umnsalo ekupheleni ubakaki ukuze okuyinto abethela esiqinile.

Ubukhulu of ihange chain

Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi usayizi, ukujiya kanye okuyinto ichaza izici uchungechunge kuyinto osezingeni yayo. Calibre - ubukhulu induku, okuvela kulo isixhumanisi senziwa, noma ukuphela ingxenye isixhumanisi, kuye ngokuthi indlela enza. Wawumele- Ubukhulu osezingeni nezinye amayunithi aqukethe circuit. Isisindo ngamunye imitha ihange uchungechunge futhi kuncike osezingeni usebenzisa okuza ngoba dlinnozvennye uchungechunge - 2 ngaphandle buttresses - 2.2, nge buttresses - 2.3.

Chain obuphelele lincike ohlotsheni isitsha futhi ubukhulu bawo. Kufanele kube ekujuleni kwelwandle okuningi endaweni yokupaka, ngoba, okokuqala, yesisindo elisemandleni ezansi iketango kuyasiza ihange ukuya phansi futhi uyibambe khona, futhi okwesibili, ibutho enza izinto ihange ku ukubandakanyeka phansi, akumele iqondiswe phezulu futhi nendawo.

izimoto Marine ngokujwayelekile ngamaketanga futhi ehlanganisa 10-13 gauge ngozankosi 80 kuye ku-120 mm, okusho lincike ubukhulu ihange main. Uma osezingeni enkulu kuka-15 mm, amayunithi kuyenziwa eNqutshini - ibhuloho transverse, okwandisa isixhumanisi ukuqina ngu-20%.

Futhi zokubala ekhethekile, umbala Ukumaka ezisetshenziselwa amadivaysi. Inombolo kanye umbala (olumhlophe noma olubomvu) amayunithi anemibala kuncike inani amamitha ezihlalayo noma ngozankosi, esakhiwa neketanga. Photo imibukiso ukuthi kwagxila namashumi amane amamitha chain, ngoba nhlangothi zombili walokho okubomvu ubakaki Kenter ezimhlophe edwetshwe izixhumanisi ezimbili. Ukuze sibone ubude iketango ebumnyameni, ukuba eNqutshini isixhumanisi zokugcina lisetshenzisiwe bayawuqhwaga zaveza wire ezithambile annealed.

Amapharamitha ihange chain

Amapharamitha eyinhloko ihange uchungechunge - lokhu osezingeni, amandla isigaba, umthwalo mechanical test eqine mass theory. Ngokusho nemingcele Umklamo ihange chain links ayatholakala noma ngaphandle buttresses.

Ngamandla izici, okuyinto incike ubukhulu ngayo indaba indlela yokukhiqiza, iketango ihange kungaba evamile, ephakeme noma amandla aphezulu. Emaketangeni ingahluka futhi indlela yokukhiqiza amayunithi futhi spacers ngokwabo.

Nesikhathi amazinga ukukhiqizwa - production imfuneko of ihange ngamaketanga. Ngokwesibonelo, ihange uchungechunge GOST 228-79 - Umkhiqizo spacers okuyinto zenziwa carbon and ingxubevange lezinsimbi, ukwamukele izakhiwo mechanical, has a degree wamandla ubukhulu izigaba ezintathu izixhumanisi main ne spacer 11 kuya 178 mm.

Quality izindlela imihlangano izingxenye ngabanye kwentambo okusetshenzwa, kuhlanganise amaketanga - akusiyo kuphela nokwethenjelwa ukuphepha umkhumbi, kodwa futhi isiqinisekiso zokuphepha futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezimpilweni zabantu ebhodini.