Elikhulu kunawo wonke amandla plant Russia: uhlu lwezinhlobo nezici. Ibubulo le amandla plant eRussia

Russia njengoba nenkathi yamaSoviet kubonisa imiphumela emihle ukwenziwa ugesi ezishisayo izitshalo amandla. izitshalo amandla Russian bagcwele Emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu kuleli zwe. Cabanga enamandla kakhulu amandla isizukulwane nezici zabo ezihlukile. Qaphela ukuthi neziningi zezakhiwo Yakhiwa emuva 60-80s kwekhulu elidlule, kodwa kusukela esikhathini wasungula futhi imiklamo emisha.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP

Lo mbuso uthatha indawo 7th phakathi izakhiwo ezikhona emhlabeni ngokwamandla okuphehla ezifakiwe. Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi esiteshini esisogwini Yenisei, kuyinto edamini eziphakeme eRussia futhi omunye eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. umthamo wayo obuyisilinganiselo 13090 m ³ / s. Isiteshi amandla kulesi sigaba Russian 21 okungukuthi, igumbi umshini kuhlanganisa amayunithi wokubacindezela 10, futhi esiteshini ingxenye - 10 Estern unomphela, lapho abekwa penstocks. Idamu amandla plant kunomthelela ayinyuse yamanzi Yenisei, kanjalo zakha isimiso kwesigubhu. Umthamo ukuklanywa plant 6400 MW.

Krasnoyarsk GES

Eyokuqala amandla plant eRussia ngeminyaka yawo-50-60s kwekhulu elidlule. Ngakho, i-Krasnoyarsk amandla kagesi wakhela ngo-1955, futhi phezu Yenisei. Kulesi siteshi ibizwa ngokuthi inhliziyo namandla uhlelo aseSiberia, njengoba ingenye ehola amandla abahlinzeki esifundeni. Njengamanje, Krasnoyarsk amandla kagesi ungomunye iziteshi eziyishumi ezinkulu zomhlaba, esifundazweni sase-okuyinto abantu abangaphezu kuka-550. Ekugcineni, yena wafakwa ukusebenza emuva ngo-1972 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ibilokhu njalo ngcono. Lokhu amandla esiteshini emifula siqukethe izinto eziningana:

• ukhonkolo edamini namandla adonsela phansi;
• dam wokwakha isikhungo sikagesi;
• ukufakwa yokwamukela nokusatshalaliswa amandla;
• Kukwenza nge pododnym siteshi.

On ukwakhiwa amandla yesibili Russian amandla plant kwathatha cishe abayizigidi ezingu-6 m ³ ngokhonkolo. Isiteshi kuyahluka ngomthamo usuwonke 14,000 ^m3 / isekhondi, namandla amandla kagesi of 6000 MW. Krasnoyarskoe edamini kwesigubhu kumiswa 2000 km ^2. I engavamile walesi amandla - e Uphakamisa kuphela eRussia, okuyinto edingekayo ukuze kwakheke ukudlula imikhumbi. Ngo-1995, i-emifula amandla kagesi zazigaxwa ngo-50%, ngakho kwanqunywa ukuba kabusha futhi nesimanje kubo.

Surgut GRES

amandla plant waseRussia ngobukhulu obubekwe ngaphambili futhi Surgut GRES, ise Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous avtonomnyy. Isiteshi ine efakwe umthamo kagesi 5597 MW, abasebenza petroleum ezihambisana kanye negesi yemvelo. ukwakhiwa aso eqala in the 80s, lapho endaweni ob phakathi bayantuleka zamandla. Ngokwe Iphrojekthi yokuqala, zonke kwakufanele amayunithi 8 namandla kufanele ukugqamisa Surgut GRES phakathi iziteshi ezishisayo enamandla kakhulu.

eBratsk HPP

amandla plant waseRussia ngobukhulu esisogwini River Angara. EBratsk isitshalo emifula liyingxenye Angara wendlale, ngokungafanele ethi ungumholi we zokukhiqiza ugesi lonke Eurasia. Isinqumo ukwakhiwa esiteshini senziwa ngo-1954, nokubeka okwenzeka ngo-1967. amavolumu abahlukile nemithombo yamanzi esitebeleni zonke eChibini iBaikal kanye eBratsk Reservoir ngethonya lalesi HPP waqala ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe.

Kuze kube manje, eBratsk HPP siqukethe amayunithi 18, futhi amandla khiqiza is esetshenziswa kabanzi kulezo zimboni. Isiteshi siqukethe workshop eziningana, kulandele ukubukela njalo izisebenzi zabantu 300. Kusukela Angara kungekho ngokusebenzisa navigation, imisele yamanzi futhi ayinaso ukuvuleka navigation. I umthamo efakwe we eBratsk esiteshini emifula - 4500 MW.

Balakovo NPP

I uhlu izitshalo Russian amandla, okuyinto ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu ugesi, futhi siye yayihlanganisa Balakovo amandla enuzi, okuyinto embonini yenuzi yezwe. ukusebenza eqinile yafinyelelwa sibonga eragela imishini. Indlela ephumelela ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa energy Kwandiswa ngokuthuthukisa design uphethiloli zenuzi. Kulesi siteshi isebenzisa sikhungo nge double-wesifunda amandla amayunithi.

eKursk NPP

Amandla kuyisisekelo emnothweni nasesikhathini eKursk esifundeni. Etholakala lapha amandla plant eRussia phakathi iziteshi zokuqala ezinhlanu, okuyinto ukukhiqiza amandla amaningi. Lokho ugesi kulesi siteshi inikeza iningi izimboni esifundeni. Kurskaia amandla enuzi esiteshini uhlobo olulodwa-loop, uba coolants amanzi evamile ukuhlanzwa ukuthi ukhiphela ngesimiso somshini esivalekile.

Leningrad NPP

Leningrad ngamandla enuzi esiteshini ungowokuqala ezweni has RBMK-1000. Leningrad NPP siqukethe amayunithi ezine, ne ngobuningi ekhiqizwa amandla engena ukusetshenziswa ngokuphelele. Kulesi siteshi iyona enkulu kunazo zonke amandla umkhiqizi esifundeni ntshonalanga yeRussia.

imithombo ihambise imishini ukuze kuzuze lizwe

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene izitshalo amandla eRussia. Ngakho, geothermal amandla kubhekwa ethembisa kakhulu emlandweni banamuhla ngokunenzuzo, kuhlanganise ezweni lethu. Izazi ziyavuma amanani ukuthi ukushisa amandla amavolumu eMhlabeni olukhudlwana eneji uwoyela negesi izinqolobane emhlabeni. Ibubulo le otshalayo kungcono ukwakha lapho kukhona izindawo mlilo. Ngoba ezikanye amanzi amanzi lava is uye wakwenza ukufuthelana, amanzi ashisayo is akhishwe kwamanzi njengoba iziphethu.

izakhiwo ezinjalo zemvelo uvumele ukwakha yesimanje izitshalo amandla geothermal eRussia. Ziyakwazi ezweni lethu eziningi:

1. Pauzhetskaya GeoPP. Kulesi siteshi lakhiwa ngo-1966 eduze intabamlilo Kambalny ngenxa isidingo nemizana yokuhlala kanye nezimboni eduze amandla. Kufakiwe umthamo ngesikhathi sokuqala kwaba ngamandla 5 MW kuphela oko lakhuphuka lafika ku-12 MW.
2. Upper Mutnovskaya umshayeli geothermal commercial amandla plant esisogwini Peninsula eKamchatka, futhi kwaqalwa ngo-1999. Siqukethe amayunithi ezintathu 4 MW. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa eduze intabamlilo Mutnovsky.
3. Ocean ihambise imishini Power Plant. Kulesi siteshi yayakhiwe Kuril Islands ngo-2006.
4. Mendeleevskaya izitshalo amandla komhlaba. Kulesi siteshi kwakhiwa ukunikeza Ukushisa kagesi Yuzhno-Kurilsk.

Njengoba ubona, geothermal izitshalo amandla Namanje ezisebenza eRussia. umsebenzi asebenzayo phezu sesimanje izindawo ezivele zikhona kuphunywa oluyokwenza izifunda namabhizinisi etholakala eduze rocks mlilo, lemali edingekile of amandla.

Ukulandela inqubekela

Qaphela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa amandla akemi namanje. Ngakho, yabe seyaziwa ukuthi eRussia, ikakhulu, ku neSamara region, saphansi amandla elanga. Ochwepheshe bathi kule phrojekthi iyoba into ebalulekile, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa Samara esifundeni nasezweni lonke. Kuhlelwe ukwakhiwa izitshalo solar ngisho ensimini laseStavropol futhi Volgograd. Ngokuphathelene ezikhona, ngokunaka ngenxa kanye sesimanje ngesikhathi esifanele, bazokwazi ukunikeza isilinganiso esifanele samandla ngisho kude izindawo eRussia.