Ukukhiqizwa Modern. Isakhiwo ukukhiqizwa yesimanje. Izinkinga ukwakhiwa yesimanje

Kutfutfukiswa umkhakha futhi ezingeni eliphezulu emnothweni kazwelonke kuyizimbangela ukhiye ezithinta ngomnotho nenhlalakahle abantu bakhona. Lesi simo has amathuba ezinkulu kwezomnotho kanye nabasha. ingxenye Esinzima we ukuwohloka komnotho wamazwe amaningi, kukhiqizwe.

Kuyini production zanamuhla?

It is a uhlobo esikhiqiza izinzuzo ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki ngokusebenzisa isayensi nobuchwepheshe. izinguquko olunzulu ekukhiqizeni bendabuko senzeka ngo-90s maphakathi, lapho umkhakha waqala ukusebenzisa emisha technical kanye nokuthuthukiswa ososayensi emhlabeni kwekhulu XX. Zonke izindawo umkhakha zanamuhla ixhomeke isayensi kanye nokwaziswa.

Isakhiwo ukukhiqizwa yesimanje

ukukhiqizwa Modern ihlukaniswe ezimbili izinhlobo imisebenzi:

1. ukukhiqizwa Material, ehlanganisa imikhakha yezomnotho ukuthi ukukhiqiza izinzuzo zangempela: ezolimo, umkhakha, ukwakhiwa, njll
2. Services, okuyinto yena, ihlukaniswe ezimbili izinhlobo:

• amasevisi zaxoxa ngokwaziswa okuklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezingokomzimba umthengi, ukuqhubeka senqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuhlinzeka izimo ezidingekile umsebenzi ebhizinisi. Lezi zihlanganisa okulungisa ukudla, izinto zokuthutha, ezokuxhumana, ukuhweba, isitoreji kwezimpahla, ezokuvakasha, inkonzo izinqubo amabhizinisi, izindlu, kanye umthengi amasevisi;
• amasevisi angaphatheki - nemisebenti lehlose ngqo ngesikhathi indoda kanye nemvelo yakhe. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ezinsizakalweni ezifana akusho ukuthola ifomu umgomo. Lezi zihlanganisa umshwalense, imisebenzi yomphakathi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, umsebenzi yesayensi, amasevisi ezingokomoya nakongqondongqondo, reception ukudla lendawo kanye amahhotela zokuzijabulisa, imfundo kanye nokwelulekwa.

isakhiwo esinjalo zokukhiqiza yesimanje ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba amasevisi nolwazi ngobuchwepheshe.

Izici zokukhiqiza yesimanje

ukukhiqizwa Modern libhekene izici ezilandelayo:

• ukwandisa ukubaluleka amasevisi izinqubo zokukhiqiza;
• ithuba ukuhlangabezana hhayi kuphela nezidingo zangempela abathengi, kodwa futhi nezidingo zalo ezingaba;
• ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe, okuyizinto ngesisekelo izinqubo zokukhiqiza;
• iminotho abaningi bethembela kakhulu ezindaweni angaphatheki: letinyenti tebuciko nemasiko.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ukukhiqizwa yesimanje

1. Abasebenzi - inkampani isebenzisa umsebenzi abantu abaqeqeshiwe ukudala ingcebo isimo imishini ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomphakathi.
2. Izinsimbi zomculo zomsebenzi - zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo, ngawo kudala izimpahla ezidingekayo futhi azuze ezinkonzweni oya esintwini. Lezi zihlanganisa imishini (imishini, amathuluzi, izinto zokusebenza, imishini ehlukahlukene kanye namathuluzi), inqwaba yezinto zemvelo (amanzi isib eziteshini amandla kagesi). Ngamathuluzi ukusebenza imithombo yemvelo siguqulelwa izinto ewusizo futhi izimpahla.
3. izinto zomsebenzi - lokhu kuyizinto noma ngokuphelela kwazo, okuyinto abantu isebenzisa zehluleka ukwanelisa izidingo zabo. Basuke ihlukaniswe izinto zemvelo angayazi zabhekana noshintsho (amalahle umphetho) kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa abadlule processing ezithile (washaywa off ore).
4. Info - ngesikhathi sokugcina ke linendima ebalulekile enqubeni ukukhiqizwa. Ngisho noma inkampani ine izici ezintathu zokuqala, ngaphandle ulwazi wahlulelwe ukuvala.

ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa

ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa Inkampani iqoqo amasu ekhethekile kanye nolwazi, ezisetshenziswa ukuze akhiqize impahla izinga elifanele. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kufanele kuhambisane imibhalo echaza zonke izimfuneko, imibandela kanye namazinga izinga, eligxila ibhizinisi enqubeni ukukhiqizwa.

Le nkampani Ukukhiqizwa Lisebenzisa isethi izici okokufaka athonya ubuchwepheshe ibhizinisi. Ngokwesibonelo, umnikazi khekhe esitolo isebenzisa waqasha zabasebenzi yababhaki impahla eluhlaza ngesimo ufulawa, ushukela, futhi izithasiselo ehlukahlukene dolobha - imishini, Ohhavini, kusetshenziswe amasu ahlukene ukwenziwa isinkwa, amakhekhe khekhe.

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla ithuthuke kakhulu, futhi inkampani ungenza izinguquko ezithile kuso ukuze wandise ivolumu umkhiqizo osuphelile ngesikhathi iqoqo izici ejwayelekile zokukhiqiza. Ngakho, umnikazi sinquma ukuthi inzuzo more: kuwumsebenzi onzima ibhukwana ukukhiqizwa noma ukusetshenziswa imishini dolobha khudlwana.

ubuchwepheshe besimanje ukukhiqizwa nendima ebalulekile ekwenzeni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izwe ngenkuthalo ekudluliseni nokwabelana cutting edge kokuxazulula. Ngakho, osomnotho ziye zakhomba ulwazi njengoba isici esisha ekhethekile zokukhiqiza yesimanje.

Imininingwane njengoba isihluthulelo sempumelelo

Imininingwane - iqoqo oluqondile kanye nokwaziswa. Yonke imikhakha production yesimanje incike ke. Imininingwane linendima ebalulekile ngokunikeza amasu Uhlelo ukuphathwa, ukukhiqiza inhlangano nokulawula inqubo, ikhono ngokushesha enze izinguquko, esiphelweni leso imibono okuqhubekayo nobuchwepheshe, okwandisa amakhono nolwazi lwabasebenzi.

Ukubaluleka kolwazi kuzo zonke izindawo lukhula nsuku zonke. Zezomnotho ziye zakhomba yokuthi lokhu sekwandile inqubo ehlukile, okuthiwa inguquko ulwazi. Kwaba esona ombangela amazwe athuthukile of ushintsho umphakathi zezimboni nohlobo ulwazi.

Izinhlobo ukukhiqizwa yesimanje

Xxi leminyaka libhekene ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Amabhizinisi ngobukhulu uncintisana sokuthuthukiswa niches entsha emakethe, ukudala imikhiqizo ezazingaziwa namasevisi.

Uhlu lwazo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona ekukhiqizeni yethu usuku kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa wonke amalungu omndeni kuye ngendaba imisebenzi ehlangana amaqembu ezilandelayo:

1. Ukukhiqizwa kokudla.
2. Ukwakhiwa.
3. Ukukhiqizwa ezidayiswayo.
4. Nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile isitshalo.
5. Ukukhiqizwa zokwakha.
6. Ukwenza base impahla izinkampani.
7. ukukhiqizwa Chemical.

Ezweni ngalinye, ukuthuthukiswa yalezi izimboni zingahluka futhi luncike ukutholakala izinto ezidingekayo engahluziwe umthamo production.

Inhlangano zokukhiqiza yesimanje

Inhlangano yenqubo ukukhiqizwa kuyinto ingxube zonke izinqubo kanye izakhi zokukhiqiza, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwabo, ukudalwa izimo ngokuba ukuqaliswa kwamabhizinisi imigomo kwezomnotho kanye nezidingo zenhlalo zabasebenzi.

Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi emisha ishintshile kakhulu yinhlangano zokukhiqiza.

Ngakho, ngesikhathi sokudideka umphakathi zezimboni, egatsheni eyinhloko emnothweni, ukukhiqizwa yezimboni sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi. Yayisekelwe nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ngobuningi, okuyinto waziwa ngokuthi Fordism - egameni Genri Forda okokuqala ukusebenzisa le ndlela yenhlangano e yayo Automobile Isakhiwo Plant. Izingxenye ezisemqoka ekukhiqizweni sikhathi:

• ukuhleleka - umgwaqo isenzo ngasinye zabasebenzi on imisebenzi eyisisekelo kanye incazelo yalokhu ukulandelana, okuyinto eyayiyoholela ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo kakhulu;
• Standardization of izingxenye futhi izinqubo - ekunciphiseni ukuhlukahluka imisebenzi ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi esiningi;
• pipelining zokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo - ukwanda umthamo imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa futhi ukunciphisa izindleko zawo.

Ngakho, ekukhiqizweni inikeza umkhiqizo uzuza mkhulu futhi okuphawulekayo isisetshenziswa ukonga.

Nokho, esikhathini esizayo umphakathi bebhekene nezinkinga lokuqala enhlanganweni. IMisa ukukhiqizwa izimpahla emakethe oversaturated yohlobo olufanayo imikhiqizo, futhi zabathengi isidingo uya kugudlukela ngasengxenyeni izimpahla okunethezeka. Lokhu individualization isidingo buye baphoqa iningi amabhizinisi zezimboni ukushintsha indlela ukukhiqiza nokuqalisa imishini multi-purpose kanye nokulawula uhlelo, esetshenziselwa kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ukwethulwa okwandile izinhlelo ezinjalo, ukukhiqizwa nezimo isici esiyinhloko lenhlangano zokukhiqiza yesimanje. Ngenxa yenqwaba imikhiqizo kungaba namanje ezinkulu, kodwa izimpahla zihlukile okunezinhlobonhlobo ahlukahlukene.

Izinkinga ukwakhiwa yesimanje

Ezimweni zanamuhla wamabhizinisi ukukhiqizwa iminotho ubhekane nezinselele ezibalulekile:

1. Noma yimuphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo kudinga ukuthuthukiswa njalo kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuze isebenze kahle futhi inzuzo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukukhula zokukhiqiza, ukuphucula ukuncintisana, ukwandisa yokuthengisa izimakethe lezimpahla. kufanele usetshenziselwe sesimanje kwezobuchwepheshe ukugcwaliseka kwalezi zinhloso.
2. Kusilela ngezimali kanye impahla-ngobuchwepheshe isizinda. amabhizinisi awunawo kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwethula ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye emisha, ukuthuthukisa izinga eliphezulu ukukhiqizwa.
3. Ampofu imisebenzi yesayensi nocwaningo kule mkhakha womsebenzi ibhizinisi. Le nkinga kunomthelela omubi isimo umkhakha iyonke. ulwazi abangaphelele, ukungabi ukuthuthukiswa futhi izifundo yesimanje kuholele ukwehla kancane kancane umsebenzi futhi Ukwehla ekukhuleni ukukhiqizwa.
4. Ukuwohloka kwezimo social isitshalo, okuholela outflow abukhali kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Ukungabi ochwepheshe inomphumela omubi phezu ukuthuthukiswa imboni.

Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, ungasebenzisa ukutshala ekukhiqizeni ngobuchwepheshe besimanje. Ungasebenzisa inhlokodolobha yangaphakathi lenkampani noma ukuheha inkece ngaphandle.

ukukhiqizwa Modern futhi nemvelo

Ukukhiqizwa kubangelwa ikakhulu isimo. umkhakha Modern isebenzisa inqwaba kwemithombo yemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho walolu hlobo wenziwa mpilo, eziwohlokayo impilo khona kwabo. Le nkinga sibi ukuze ohulumeni wonke amazwe wona umsebenzi ngempela ukugcina amarekhodi azo yizici zemvelo.

Lolu hlelo lwenziwe benza izinguquko ezinkulu emsebenzini wokukhiqiza amabhizinisi yesimanje. Bayaphoqeleka ukuthuthela non-imfucuza kanye nobuchwepheshe isisetshenziswa okusindisa, ukusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuzivikela futhi evulekile, ukuze afeze ucwaningo lwesayensi nokuthuthukiswa ukuvikela imvelo.