Antitank sokuzingela PTSD (Simon): izici, usayizi

Antitank sokuzingela PTSD (Simon) wangeniswa inkonzo ehlobo lika-1941. Yayihloselwe ukuhlasela naphakathi nokukhanya amathangi, izindiza kanye nezimoto armored at amabanga kuze kube amamitha 500. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhamu wakwazi ukumelana pillboxes, bunkers kanye isitha labadubuli amaphuzu, embozwe zempi ezivela ibanga amamitha angu-800. Shotgun odlale indima ebalulekile enkundleni yempi kweMpi Yezwe II. Isihloko ezocatshangelwa ngu umlando ekudalweni kwazo nendlela ezisebenza ngayo kanye nokusebenza izici.

Imininingwane zomlando

Anti-tank isibhamu (PTR) ubizwa ngokuthi isikhali ngesandla ukuthi singamelana zempi isitha. PTR futhi wasebenzisa ukuhlasela izinqaba kanye nemigomo ongaphakeme-flying. Ngenxa umxhasi enamandla futhi kuvele isiqu eside, high nomlomo lukagesi ichashazi, okuvumela ukuba ushaye kakhulu yezembatho zethu. PTR eMpini Yezwe II bakwazi ukungena zempi-30 mm obukhulu futhi ngendlu kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu ukulwa ngezinqola zempi. Abanye onobuhle abe mass okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi, eqinisweni, esincane isibhamu.

AmaJalimane lokuqala prototype PTR uvele ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana kahle bona ihlawulelwa ukuhamba okusezingeni eliphezulu ukugqiba lula futhi eziphansi. IMpi Yezwe II ukuze MFR yangempela iphuzu eliphezulu, ngenxa lolu hlobo isikhali uyaca esetshenziswa ngokuphelele wonke amaqembu ukuba ingxabano.

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili kwaba ingxabano yokuqala enkulu emlandweni wesintu, okuyinto le mpophoma engcono ngaphansi kwencazelo "ipi eyodwa izinjini". Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha nezinye izinhlobo zezimoto armored kwaba yisisekelo umfutho. Lokho amagejambazo ithangi babé lunqume ukuqaliswa amacebo amaNazi "Blitzkrieg".

Ngemva ukunqotshwa eyinhlekelele ekuqaleni amabutho empini Soviet zidinge izimali ukulwa nesitha izimoto zempi. Kwakudingeka ithuluzi elula futhi beshesha ezingamelana nezinselele zinqola. Ngakho waba isibhamu anti-tank. Ngo-1941 wangena inkonzo amasampula amabili nje kwezikhali ezinjalo: isibhamu Degtyarev futhi Simonov isibhamu. Nge PTRD umphakathi jikelele ukubazi kangcono. Tom nomthelela amafilimu kanye izincwadi. Kodwa PTW-41 is zimbi kakhulu eyaziwa, futhi yakhishwa abekho amavolumu ezinjalo. Nokho kunganciphisa uquketheni isibhamu kungaba okungalungile.

Umzamo wokuqala PTR ukuqaliswa

ESoviet Union ngo-ukudalwa isibhamu sohlobo lwe-antitank ngenkuthalo wasebenza-yalolucwaningo 40 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Ikakhulukazi imodeli abazoba PTR athuthukile enamandla igobolondo osezingeni 14.5 mm. Ngo-1939, sabhekana amasampula PTR eziningana onjiniyela Soviet. Inqobe emncintiswaneni Rukavishnikova sokuzingela antitank uhlelo, kodwa ukukhiqizwa usumisiwe cha. AbaseSoviet kobuholi ezempi ukholelwa ukuthi izimoto armored esizayo uyovikelwa okungenani 50 mm zempi, kanye nokusetshenziswa anti-tank izibhamu ingafaneleki.

Ukuthuthukiswa ngenxa ye-PTSD

Ubuholi nokucabanga wazibonakalisa okungalungile ngokuphelele: zonke izinhlobo zezimoto armored esetshenziswa Wehrmacht ekuqaleni kwempi, angase hit nge anti-tank izibhamu, ngisho nalapho ngokudubula e projection engaphelele. July 8, 1941 kobuholi ezempi wanquma ukusungula ekukhiqizweni MFI. Rukavishnikova imodeli uyakuqaphela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyabiza kakhulu ngokuthi zinjani izimo. umncintiswano entsha ukudala MFR efanelekayo kwamenyezelwa, wakhe ubuhanjelwe onjiniyela ababili: Vasily Degtyaryov futhi Sergei Simonov. kamuva 22 Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje abaklami ethulwa prototype kwezibhamu yayo. Stalin bathandile amasampula kokubili, futhi ngokushesha bafakwa ekukhiqizweni.

ukuxhashazwa

Ngo-October 1941, isibhamu anti-tank PTW (Simon) sasithola kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Lapho izimo kuqala ukusetshenziswa, iye yabonisa ukuba kuyaphumelela. Ngo-1941, amaNazi ayengenayo zempi ezingase ukumelana umlilo Simonov ngezibhamu. Isikhali kwaba lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa futhi ayidingi ezingeni lelisetulu ukuqeqeshwa bomlilo. zokungcebeleka Kalula uvumele ukuthembela hit isitha izimo ungakhululekile kakhulu. Nokho, akukho ndawo okukhulunywa nomphumela ababuthakathaka zabronevoe 14.5-mm igobolondo: ezinye izimoto isitha, ujenga kusukela MFI, kwakuba khona abantu abangaphezu kuka-izimbobo kweshumi.

ojenene German bakutshengise ngokuphindaphindiwe kahle PTW-41. Ngokusho kwabo, iSoviet anti-tank zibhamu kwakuphakeme kunemifuziselo German kakhulu. Lapho amaJalimane ephethwe ukumbamba PTSD njengoba indondo, bazimisele uwasebenzise ukuhlaselwa kwabo.

Ngemva Battle of kwaseStalingrad MFR value njengendlela eyinhloko ukulwa amathangi waqala ukuze wehlise. Nokho, impi ye eKursk anti-tank riflemen utusile ngokuphindaphindiwe lesi sikhali.

ukwehla ekukhiqizeni

Ngakho indlela ukukhiqiza semi-automatic anti-tank isibhamu Simonov uhlelo kwaba nzima futhi ezibiza kakhulu ukwedlula MFR Degtyareva, ukuthi likhiqizwa izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu. Ngo-1943, amaJalimane aqala aqinise ukuvikelwa nasezembathweni imishini yayo kanye nokusebenza anti-tank izibhamu waqala ukwehla abukhali. Kulesi sisekelo, ukukhiqizwa yabo aqala ukuncipha ngokucijile, futhi ngokushesha bayeka ngokuphelele. Imizamo uthuthukise isibhamu yakho kukhulise zempi zalo zenziwa Abaklami ahlukahlukene abanamakhono kule biennium 1942-1943., Kodwa zonke kuhlulekile. Ukulungiswa by S. Rashkovo, S. Ermolaev, M. Blum futhi W. Sluhotskim kangcono owahlaba zempi, kodwa ayemancane zeselula kunangendlela PTW njalo futhi PTRD. Ngo-1945, kwaba sobala ngempela ukuthi njengendlela yokuthola ekulweni amathangi semi-automatic anti-tank isibhamu uye ukhathele uqobo.

Ngo kweMpi Yezwe II neminyaka yokugcina, lapho ukuhlasela amathangi nge MFI kwaba kakade okungenanzuzo, anti-tank riflemen baqala ukusebenzisa ukuba ukunqoba izimoto armored, wezikhali self ezinezinjini, eside isibhamu emplacements kanye nemigomo ongaphakeme-flying.

77 izimo ngenxa ye-PTSD senziwe 1941, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo -. Ayizinkulungwane 63,3 isiyonke ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili kusukela elihambayo owehla mayelana 190 000 izibhamu. Ezinye zazo ayesetshenziswa Nempi YaseKorea.

ukusetshenziswa Izici

Nge ibanga ngamamitha 100 antitank sokuzingela PTSD (Simon) ayengakwazi ukuphula ngokusebenzisa zempi 50-mm, futhi bekude amamitha 300 - i-40-mm. Kulokhu, isibhamu waba ukunemba kahle. Kodwa wayekholelwa ngokuqinile endaweni ezilulana nezingelutho - ongaphakeme zabronevoe senzo. Ngakho practice, amabutho ezempi abizwa ngokuthi inhlamvu emva ukusebenza zempi Ukungena. Thola ethangini kanye ngezibhakela ke ezimweni eziningi kwakunganele, kwakudingekile ukuba hit umshayeli ithangi noma okunye okubalulekile umshini iyunithi.

ukusebenza kanye PRTS PTRD kakhulu kwehle, lapho amaJalimane laliqala ukwanda Ukuvikelwa nasezembathweni imishini yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, siyishaye ngesibhamu isibe cishe kungenakwenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abacibishelayo ezingamaKristu kwakudingeka zisebenzele at uhla close, okuyinto okunzima kakhulu okokuqala kusukela iphuzu ngokwengqondo umbono. Lapho wadubula anti-tank isibhamu ababemzungezile kuphakamisa ngaphezulu uthuli ukukhishwa kokudubula isikhundla umcibisholo. Enemy umshini Gunners, lokudutshulwa futhi elihamba ithangi esihambisana naleli bhokisi, amasosha lawa abehlome ngezibhamu PTRami, umsebenzi wokufuna yangempela. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi, ngemva kuveza ithangi okuhlukumezayo ukubunjwa inkampani udibi Ukubhoboza akubangakho owasinda fighter.

design

isibhamu okuzenzakalelayo kuhlanganisa nokususwa olungaphelele powder amagesi kusukela emgqonyeni. Ukuze ulawule le nqubo, isilawuli emithathu endleleni efakwe, metering we amagesi akhishwe kuze piston, kuncike kule mibandela yokusetshenziswa. wazalela ikhiyiwe ngenxa yokuthi skew yokucina. Ngqo igesi piston engaphezulu emgqonyeni.

Mshini inhlamvu ivumela kokudubula isibhamu esisodwa kuphela. Lapho cartridges run out, shutter uvuliwe. Umklamo isebenzisa isigwedlo uhlobo fuse.

Isiqu sawo has eziyisishiyagalombili rifling sokudla futhi ifakwe ukubopha nomlomo. Ngenxa ukubopha-compensator kakhulu encishisiwe isibhamu ukufinyela. Butt ipuleti ifakwe mfutho ukushaqeka (umcamelo). esitolo elimile has lid ensikeni kanye aphansi ingalo Element. Ukushaja wenziwa kusuka phansi nge ekuqhumeni zensimbi cartridges ezinhlanu embondelene ngendlela uvalo. Eyisithupha izinyanda waya ephelele PTSD. Lisukela isibhamu kokudubula awokuthi contact ephumelelayo 800 amamitha. Njengoba amadivayisi sextant yasetshenziselwa evulekile nokuzwa wemboni uhlobo ukusebenza kule ezahlukene 100-1500 amamitha. Gun owadala Sergey Simonov, kwaba ikhipha eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho isibhamu Degtyarev, kodwa iyawina ngesilinganiso 5 isibhamu ngomzuzu.

PTSD eyayifezwa eneqembu lamadoda amabili. Empini ukuba sithwale isibhamu ayengakwenza ilungu elilodwa iqembu noma amabili. Yiphathe kokuthutha yanamathela ngesidunu futhi emgqonyeni. Esikhathini isikhundla stowed MFR kungenziwa zezikhali zibe izingxenye ezimbili: umamukeli nge isitokwe futhi emgqonyeni nge bipod.

Ngaphansi PTSD athuthukile gauge igobolondo okungase ifakwe ezimbili izinhlobo amachashazi :

1. B-32. Simple udibi Ukubhoboza izinhlamvu incendiary nge omnene steel core.
2. BS-41. Ihlukile B-32 core metal-Ceramic.

PTW: Ukucaciswa

Kufinyeta bonke ngenhla, sethula izici eziyinhloko we isibhamu:

1. Calibre - 14.5 mm.
2. Isisindo - 20,9 kg.
3. Ubude - 2108 mm.
4. Ukukala - 15 imizuliswano ngomzuzu.
5. isivinini ichashazi ngu okukhiphayo kusukela emgqonyeni - 1012 m / s.
6. Inhlamvu isisindo - '64
7. Isifonyo amandla - 3320 KGM.
8. Udibi ukubhoboza: 100 m - 50 mm, 300 m - 40 mm.

isiphetho

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isibhamu anti-tank PTW (Simon) kwadingeka abanye amaphutha, amasosha aseSoviet walithanda lezi zikhali, futhi izitha - wayemesaba. Kwaba elingenazinkinga, ongaphakeme-yesondlo, kakhulu ezikwazi futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokusho izici emisebenzini yalo nasesibonelweni ukulwa semi-automatic anti-tank isibhamu Simonov yaba nkulu kunawo onke analogue angaphandle. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - kuba lolu hlobo isikhali esesizile amabutho aseSoviet ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba tankoboyazn okuthiwa.