Indlela yokukhiqiza ngokomongo theory kaMarx

Inqubo yokukhiqiza - kuba (ngokuvumelana theory noKarla Marksa) kuyisici sobuntu nenkathi ethile zomlando, ubunye ubudlelwane zokukhiqiza futhi ithele amabutho, okunikeza impahla izinzuzo umphakathi.

I elikhiqizayo amabutho - inhlanganisela zomsebenzi kanye namathuluzi. Ngo kwetisebenti ngesikhathi esifanayo uyakucabangela umongo zomlando wolwazi ezifanele, amakhono kanye nesipiliyoni, futhi amathuluzi zingahlukahluka ngobulukhuni yabo futhi imishini. amabutho Sizuzise encike ngqo kwi olwenzeka endaweni yemvelo ukwakheka ethile emphakathini.

Ubuhlobo zokukhiqiza - it is ngokomlando esungulwe izindlela yokuhlela ukukhiqizwa, efaka hlangana ilungelo sobunikazi, ikakhulukazi ekwabelaneni umnotho kanye nezinye izici ezingokomthetho ubudlelwane.

Marx, kulandela izigaba yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nabantu, ehlongozwayo ngu Hegel no-Saint-Simon, ukhombe izindlela ezinkulu ezinhlanu zomlando zokukhiqiza:

- bakudala;

- nceku (Antique);

- amakhosi asendulo;

- capitalism;

- wamaKhomanisi.

Imodi lwasekuqaleni zokukhiqiza

Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kusukela ekuqaleni the Stone Age futhi kufika isikhathi sokuba umphakathi class (IX ekhulwini BC). Ekuqaleni esekelwe appropriating umnotho, okusho abantu basebenzisa kuphela lokho imvelo wanika. With ukuthuthukiswa ubudlelwano zokukhiqiza namabutho elikhiqizayo, nge ukuvela amakhono athile kanye namathuluzi, indlela bakudala futhi atholwe embonini yezimayini.

izici Isici uhlelo:

- ukulingana kwezomnotho, ie ukuphathwa ngokulingana bonke abanye abantu emphakathini kuya izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye ukwabiwa komnotho;

- ukungabi khona yangasese;

- ukungabi khona ukuxhashazwa.

i nature okunjalo ngokulinganayo ezabiwe lobuhlobo yayisekelwe kusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa amabutho ithele. Ikhishwa ingcebo ngokwanele ikakhulukazi ekugcinweni ukuphila. Kulesi sigaba, okwedlula umkhiqizo wayengekho. kuphela ukuthuthukiswa okwalandela zamabutho elikhiqizayo waqinisekisa ukuvela enaleni yomkhiqizo, okwaphumela izindlela ezintsha ukusatshalaliswa nokwabiwa amakilasi ohambelana umphakathi, ukuvela ukuhweba phakathi izizwe ezingomakhelwane, ukuvela yangasese kanye amafomu kokuqala ukuxhashazwa.

Imodi Antique zokukhiqiza

Saqala ngo-BC IX ekhulwini eGreece kwaze II - AD IV ekhulwini Kulesi sigaba kobunikazi yangasese yayikhona eduze umphakathi, idolobha sekukhona ne imfanelo wekuba sive. Ubunikazi umsebenzi yayisekelwe ngumnini-mhlaba. Umuzi owawukhona ngaphezulu njengoba ukwakheka wezempi ukuzivikela, kunokuba ukukhiqizwa. Ukuziphatha impi yayibangela zabasebenzi omkhulu kwezenhlalo kanye yokuthola yezinzuzo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Isici esiphawulekayo ubudlelwane zokukhiqiza kwalesi sikhathi kwaba khona izinceku nezikhonzi izigqila - njengendlela "yi okungaguquki odingekile 'umphakathi ezikhona.

Imodi izinduna zokukhiqiza

Lena inkathi esukela ekupheleni kuka-IV - V isiqalo ubudala, okuyinto wabunjwa ngemuva uhlelo isigqila (eMedithera, Middle East naseNyakatho Afrika), noma ngokushesha ngemva bakudala (Slavic izindawo).

Le ndlela zokukhiqiza kusekelwe kumiswa ekilasini izinduna kanye abalimi, encike ebunikazini umhlaba. Izinduna babe abanikazi bamazwe, nabalimi ithole emuzini siqu, njengoba kwakunjalo ezweni lakubo ukukhiqizwa yabo encane yangasese. Ukuze ilungelo lokusebenzisa lelo zwe abalimi ne abanikazi bamazwe ikhokhwe yomshikashika wabo, imikhiqizo yemvelo noma imali.

Phakathi ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, abalimi babe ukuzimela isihlobo, ukuzimela okwaholela ukukhula okukhulu zamabutho elikhiqizayo, ukuthuthukiswa obuciko intuthuko kwezolimo. Ukuthuthukisa idolobha futhi kwakhiwa isendlalelo esisha wokuxhumana nomphakathi - izakhamuzi mahhala, futhi kamuva wobunxiwankulu.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu xv emazweni amaningi Western Europe, abalimi wathola yokukhululeka siqu kwencika amakhosi asendulo. Baqala ukuvela kancane kancane ekuqaleni umphakathi isicebi, okuyinto ekugcineni kwaqinisa ngosizo ukulwelwa wobunxiwankulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII.

Imodi kosozimali zokukhiqiza

Ngesisekelo le modi zokukhiqiza - ubudlelwano phakathi amaholo zabasebenzi kanye dolobha. Umphakathi, ngokulandelana, yizigaba ezimbili: capitalists - abanikazi izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye dolobha zezimali, kanye nesigaba sabasebenzi abathengisela amandla abo wezabasebenzi capitalists. Lokhu kuphakamisa le umqondo enaleni value - inzuzo kusukela ukukhiqizwa, okuyinto ushiye ngokwabo capitalists. Inani Inala empeleni yisandla emphakathini zama-Capitalist.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka mode kosozimali zokukhiqiza, amabutho ithele ubukade ukuthuthukiswa engakaze ibonwe. Umqulu zokukhiqiza, ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi wakhula kakhulu. Ngakho inzuzo main kusuka ukukhula zokukhiqiza yezenhlalakahle ishaye advantageously capitalists.

Ngezinye isigaba ezithile zalesi simiso amabutho ukukhiqizwa kufanele ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwane yangasese kosozimali zokukhiqiza, okuyinto, ngokusho Marx, nakanjani kuyoholela ukwakheka izigaba esilandelayo ekukhuleni komphakathi - sokusebenzela uhulumeni nobuKhomanisi.

Imodi lamaKhomanisi zokukhiqiza

Impahla iba lonke kubantu, kanye nomsebenzi - umphakathi. Kulesi uhlamvu ekilasini sigcinwe, njengoba impahla sehlukaniswe zomphakathi kanye co-operative. Futhi ahlale inkinga kungalungiswanga ngokuhlukana phakathi zabasebenzi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ukwabiwa komnotho ngokuvumelana nokusebenza. Umbuzo oyinhloko le umphakathi ngokwengqondo: indlela yokwenza umsebenzi isidingo yokuzithandela esibalulekile wonke umuntu. Ngakho, nakuba imfundiso yokuziphendukela kaMarx mayelana ukwakheka umphakathi lamaKhomanisi kuyinto utopia. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje sibona ekuqaleni umphakathi sezenhlalo eziningi emazweni zama-Capitalist. Kodwa for more, njengoba Umlando uye wabonisani, kuyilapho ukukhuluma ngaphambi kwesikhathi.