Steel 20: GOST, izici, izakhiwo kanye nezicelo

yensimbi Pure elinesimo uhlu elilinganiselwe izakhiwo njengoba metal umzali hhayi nesithakazelo kakhulu. Kodwa kusekelwe Alloys zinethuba ezinkulu, kubalulekile kuphela ukuze unqume ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali futhi wenze ukwelashwa ukushisa lesifanele.

Okuvame kakhulu lezinsimbi kwesakhiwo

Zonke steel esekelwe nokusansimbi yensimbi nensimbi , futhi kukhona ngezigaba eziningi. It kuveza nemingcele ahlukahlukene: ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, injongo, okuqukethwe izinto ezilimazayo, amandla kanye ubunzima, ukushintsha-shintsha izinto, nabanye abaningi. Ukwakhiwa - babe okuvame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa. Abanye babo baye izici jikelele futhi nezilandiso.

Insimbi yesakhiwo 20 libhekisela isigaba medium-carbon has a isakhiwo ferrite-pearlite. .. izinga Steel, okungukuthi, has a okuqukethwe esincishisiwe izinto ezilimazayo, nesibabule ne phosphorus. Ayikho imingcele weldability. Inhlanganisela elikhulu umuntu angaba namandla ebe ductility kwenza kube izinto ezahlukene ukwenziwa ijabulise iphuma izingxenye ngaphansi okwalandela ukucutshungulwa thermomechanical futhi thermochemical (cementation zinc Plating kanye chromium Plating).

Twenty wathola ukusetshenziswa kwalo

Steel 20, ogama izakhiwo kungaba nhlobonhlobo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ububanzi esebenzisa amakhemikhali-ezishisayo, impatho thermomechanical kudingeka kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ipayipi ukukhiqiza izingxenye nge eqinile kanye maphakathi esithambile. Lokhu kungaba imiphini, sprockets, ukudluliswa, amabhawodi, crane izingwegwe, ukuqinisa amashidi nginyathela (profiled), amantongomane imishudo for axube ezingekho bucayi. Pipe ekhiqizwa kusuka steel grade isetshenziselwa ukudluliswa amagesi, umusi, uketshezi nonaggressive enikeziwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Lokhu superheater amapayipi, amapayipi kawoyela, ephezulu ingcindezi boilers futhi abaqoqi.

Kabusha ukucutshungulwa thermochemical

Sha efanayo Ungashintsha izici zabo by ukwelashwa ukushisa. Steel grade 20 anezakhi ezinhle plastic, ngakho izihloko okulungiselelwe therefrom by izindlela eziningana: Ukusakaza, ugingqe uyabanda noma ushise noma umdwebo. Ngemva kokuthola izinto ngokuxosha kubo ukwelashwa chemical-ezishisayo singasetshenziswa. Inhloso yalesi inqubo - ukwamukela okuqinile bafake ungqimba ongachayekile ukugqwala, plastic kanye maphakathi esithambile.

Ukuze lokhu siphelile ingxenye ibekwe endaweni efanele (obkladyvaetsya izidakamizwa ezomile carbonaceous ibekwa konemimoya gaseous noma uketshezi), bese zigcinwe athathe amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini mayelana 1.5 ashisa kakhulu. Machining ngokuningiliziwe okwamanje kumele sigcwaliswe, ngoba emva kokwelashwa thermochemical komkhiqizo ngeke vele isakhiwo sokugcina. Elementi ematisa ungqimba engenhla komkhiqizo (0.3 kuya 3.0 mm), ngokulandelana, ngokwenza ngcono isimo sawo futhi izakhiwo.

Kuye baqashwe ukwelashwa ejenti ibizwa ngokuthi: cyanidation (zinc-Plating), carburization (carbon), i-chrome (-chrome). Carbon odlulisela amandla, i-zinc - ukugqwala ukumelana, i-chromium, ngaphezu kwawo wonke ohlwini, kwenza ebusweni esibukweni.

Lokuhlela Kabusha machining

Ngokungafani indlela odlule lokucubungula owenziwa kuphela azidlulisele ubulukhuni e ungqimba phezulu zensimbi unenkululeko kwangaphakathi, ukucutshungulwa thermomechanical - ingenye yezindlela ekubumbeni. steel 20 Kungase likhubazeke njengoba inqubo kushisa noma kubanda. Kukhona ngebuhle nebubi ngefomu ngamunye. Kodwa bajwayele ngesisekelo sezindawo ezinhle kunazo zonke.

ukusonteka Zezıhlabane isetshenziswa izihloko kokuba ukushuba odongeni olukhulu kunalolu 5 mm. Njengoba kwakhiwa oxide esikalini futhi decarburization microlayer (isakhiwo engathandeki) lapho metal uyabaselwa ke ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo kweqa izingxenye ezondile-ngodonga kuyinto engeke asebenze. Nokho, it has inzuzo enkulu phezu ukusonteka abandayo.

ukusebenza Cold isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni kokuba ukushuba esingaphansi 5 mm. Ngomdwebo aqandayo izinhlobo efanelekayo 'soft' ensimbi. Phakathi metal kweqa asitholayo ukusonteka abalulekile noma uhlobo ukuqina. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni izikhwepha zayo kanye khona ukucindezeleka esikhulu isakhiwo. metal okunjalo ngoba kwezingange zawo mncane ayikwazi ukufuthelana (uchithe amaholidi, t. E. Buyisela sakhiwo lesifanako). Kuyinto bathambekele kakhudlwana kunabanye umonakalo umthelela nezinye imithwalo ashukumisayo. Bezakhiwe steel pipe (steel 20) Izindlela ezahlukene ukwakhiwa etholwe izici lobuchwepheshe ezithinta isicelo. Sinenkosi izindinganiso zazo isimo ukwenziwa uhlobo ipayipi, imithetho, imishini ngayinye.

Cold iphuma umphetho tube okuqondile

Inqubo ukukhiqizwa iqala ukulungiswa steel strip. Ngenxa yale njongo, amashidi steel bafa zibe emapheshana kanye ashiselwe ku kubhekwa isikhathi eside. Kunikezwe tape on eguqa imiqulu lapho uthatha uhlobo ipayipi. Isinyathelo esilandelayo - Welding. Ngoba noma yisiphi ukwakhiwa iphuzu sibuthaka kakhulu. Ukuze unqobe bokwenza lapho kuphakama lapho Welding (ukubukeka oxides ne-carbon nokutubeka) kungenzeki nhlobo, kodwa usebenzisa ezinye izindlela, zingancishiswa. Ukuze uxhume steel 20, usebenzisa i- arc kagesi Welding in a igesi zokuzivikela inert (argon) noma lokungeniswa Welding (high-imvamisa imisinga). Leli payipi ubabonisa Izilawuli esibophezelayo ukushisela bese uthathe izingxenye obuphelele oyifunayo futhi agcinwe.

amashubhu Cold-kudwetshwe nge umphetho Kuvunguza

Ukulungiselela steel ukukhiqiza lolu hlobo ipayipi iphindwa inqubo efanayo ukuthi amashubhu nge umphetho ukubukwa ngqo. Futhi afanayo: Welding, kuhlolwa izihlahla. It ahluke engela alo ibhande kuphela, okuyinto ufaka okwalandela umphetho ipayipi kanye ijika Kuvunguza. Ngenxa izici design yayo le ndlela iyona isikhathi eside kunazo zonke. Futhi ungakwazi ukumelana imithwalo phezulu ikhefu kunale imikhiqizo suture oqondile.

amapayipi Seamless

amapayipi Seamless ikakhulukazi okuhlala, kunezimo eziningana ezisivunayo: abanamigoqo ashiselwe (ubuthakathaka) e isakhiwo steel akanayo voltage, tube ukujiya akuyona esingaphansi 5 mm. ukukhiqizwa yabo - more xaka, futhi ngenxa yalokho eqolo. Steel 20 uhlukile ukuthi amashubhu kungenziwa oluqanjwe izindlela ezimbili - umdwebo abandayo futhi kushisa.

Hot iphuma Seamless

Ngemva Ukushisa ngenhla 1100 ° C preform Ithungelwe emikhonweni futhi ichaza i ububanzi kwangaphakathi. Njengoba eminye sifinyelela ipayipi ubamukela predetermined Ubukhulu yangaphakathi, elingaphandle ububanzi futhi udonga ukujiya. Phakathi lonke inqubo lokushisa umkhiqizo iphuma sisalokhu siphakeme. Kwaba ngemva ukwamukelwa kokugcina ifomu tube epholisa. Phakathi eside Ukupholisa kwenzeka iholide ususa yonke imiphumela emibi elendlalekile, amandla kanye fragility anda. Ngezinye Ukupholisa umnyuziki steel 20 ozuza izici ukuthi ekuqaleni. Lokhu kuhilela kuphela womshini amapayipi enezindonga hhayi ngaphansi kuka 5 mm ukushuba esiphezulu lingafika ku-75 mm.

abandayo Seamless ungenisa

Ngokungafani indlela langaphambilini, lokhu lokushisa siyenzeka ehilelekile encane. I preform uyabaselwa, kodwa ngemva kokuqala lokushisa ukubhoboza emikhonweni singagciniwe kanye preform idwetshwa esimweni abandayo. Le ndlela akufani nokukhipha ashisayo iphuma ukuze kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ipayipi okuqinile enezindonga mncane, kanti indlela ashisayo iphuma inikeza izindonga awugqinsi kuphela. Lezi zindlela ezimbili ncamashí isakhiwo sokugcina, njengoba emva ipayipi abandayo ugingqe ngaphansi ukuzinza lapho kulesakhiwo zibuyiselwe, uhambe voltage.

Lokhu akulona lonke uhlu imikhiqizo, okuncike amanga Steel 20 GOST 1050-74. Ukwandisa izidingo sabantu, kukhona imibono emisha kanye ukukhiqizwa. Kodwa lokhu brand kushintsha kuphela ifomu nenhloso yato, igcinelwe ilungelo khona.